SISTEM URINARIA
BY M.SYAMSUL ARIF
TOPIK
I
ANATOMI SISTEM
PERKEMIHAN
GINJAL
URETER
VESIKA
URINARIA
URETRA
ANATOMI GINJAL
LOKASI & ANATOMI LUAR
Ukuran sebesar sabun mandi, panjang 10 -
12 cm, lebar 5 cm & tebal5-7 cm,
Lokasi di dinding posterior kavitas abdomen
/ retroperitoneal
Masing2 berada pada sisi tulang belakang
(kolumna vertebralis).
Bentuk seperti kacang dengan masing
masing terdapat hilus
Ginjal dibungkus oleh 3 lapis
jaringan.
1. Renal capsule (kapsul ginjal) Lapisan
dalam: kuat dan berserabut
2. Adipose capsule (kapsul adiposa) Lapisan
tengah, terdiri dari para renal (samping ginjal):
berupak lemak melindungi ginjal dr
benturan
3. Renal fascia lapisan luar: subserous, dibagi
2 anterior & posterior fasciae.
Bagian fascia ginjal disusun dari jaringan
yg saling berhubungan (conective tissue)
dan mengelilingi ginjal
fascia ginjal cukup fleksibel sehingga
bisa naik turun mengikuti pergerakan
diaphragma selama bernafas.
Struktur internal ginjal
– Kortek
Terdapat
– Medula NEFRON
– pelvis
GFR meningkat
GFR berkurang
GFR meningkat
decreases of GFR
Tubular reabsorbtion
Activity of proximal tubulus:
– Na/Ka pump drives the reabsorbtion of water
and solutes by increasing sodium concentration
in interstitium space
– Hidrogen ions are secreted in to the filtrate
– Water and solutes move by bulk flow from
lumen to capillare
Activity descending loops of henle
– Membrane are permeable to water but not
to solutes
– Increase osmolality of filtrate
Activity ascending loops of henle
– Membrane are permeable to solute but not
to water
– Decrease osmolality of filtrate
Activity of distal tubulus
– Penyerapan cairan tergantung status
cairan tubuh : Penyerapan air dipengaruhi
kerja hormon ADH & aldosteron
– Penyerapan calsium akibat pengaruh
paratiroid hormon
Sumarry of reabsorbtion in
tubulus
Returning most of the filtered water and many
solutes to the blood streams
About 99% of the filtered water is reabsorbed
Goal of reabsorbtion process to maintain
homeostatic of water and electrolyte body
The largest amount of solute and water
reabsorbtion ocurrs in the proximal tubule
Solutes that are reabsorbed by both active and
passive process
Excretion of urine
Renal pelvis
ureter
Vesica urinary
urethra
The micturition reflek
Discarrge of urine from the urinary bladder is
called : micturition
Micturition occurs via a combination of
involuntary and voluntary muscle contraction
Urinary bladder capacity averages 700-800
ml
The micturition center in sacral spinal cord
segment S2 and S3
Parasympatic progate the bladder wall
contraction and internal urethral spincter
relaxation and commonly the center
micturition inhibits somatic motor neuron that
innervate in the external urethral spincter
The micturition reflex
Volume baldder exceeds Kortek pre motorik
200-400 ml
Stimulatory of Strech
receptor
+
Stimulatory of _ neuron motorik pd
micturition center spingter uretra eksterna
Contraction of bladder
and relaxation of IUS Ejection of urine
EVALUATION OF KIDNEY FUNGTION
URINALYSIS
– An analysis of the volume and physical, chemical
and microscopic properties of urine
Blood test
– Any two screening test :
BUN test
Creatine plasma
Renal plasma clereance
CC : Clereance creatinin
(U X V )
U : konsentrasi cretinin dlm urine
CC = ---------------------
V: volume urine
P
P: konsentrasi cretinin dlm plasma
Caractristic of urine normal
charactristic description
volume One to two liters in 24 hours
colour Yellow or amber but varies with
urine concentration and diet
Specific From 1,001 to 1,035
grafity
odor Midly aromatic and depend with
diet and clinical status
PH Range between 4,6-8,0
Aduuuuuh..
Apa ini yg dinamakn
reflek micturisi
Udah ndak kuaaaaat..
Arteri ginjal
nefron
Kandung kencing
Aparatus juxtak glomerolus
tubulus
glomerolus