Resistensi Ab
Resistensi Ab
DAN MDRO
DR. WILDA M. M.SI,. MKK., SPMK
ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE (AMR) DAN MDRO
(MULTIPLEDRUG RESISTANT ORGANISMS)
1. The following antimicrobial result may appear active in vitro, but not effective
clinically
• Penicillin
• Beta-Lactam/Beta-Lactam Inhibitor Combination
• Cephems
• Carbapenems
WARNING OF ESBL+ (GUIDE FOR CLINICIAN; CLSI, 2011)
1. The following antimicrobial result may appear active in vitro, but not effective
clinically
• Penicillin
• Cephalosporins
• Aztreonam
ESBL PRODUCING ORGANISMS
1. Escherichia coli – CTX-M
2. Klebsiella species – TEM/SHV variants
3. Pseudomonas aeruginosa
4. Acinetobacter baumanii
5. Serratia marcescens
6. Pseudomonas aeruginosa
7. Proteus mirabillis
8. Other Enterobactericeae
DIAGNOSIS PENYAKIT INFEKSI
1. Anamnesis
2. Pemeriksaan fisik
3. Pemeriksaan penunjang
• Marker infeksi (darah rutin, urinalisis, sitologi, CRP, PCT, dll)
• Mikrobiologi ―> Garbage in, garbage out
• Radiologi, dsb
PEMERIKSAAN MIKROBIOLOGI DIAGNOSTIK
Mikrobiologi Mikroskopi sediaan langsung (Wet mount, KOH, Gram,
Konvensional Giemsa, Ziehl-Neelsen, dll), Kultur, Identifikasi, Uji
Sensitivitas Antimikroba
Biologi Molekuler Deteksi langsung (amplifikasi asam nukleus), Identifikasi, Strain Typing,
dsb
Histopatologi Pewarnaan rutin (H&E), Pewarnaan khusus (GMS, PAS, Mucicarmine,
dll), IHC, direct immunofluorescence, in situ hybridization, dsb
Imunologi Deteksi antibodi, antigen, protein tertentu
Biokimia Deteksi metabolit, komponen dinding sel, enzim, dsb
Tanpa pemeriksaan mikrobiologi, physician akan bingung.
• Gram staining ―> narrowing
• Culture dan antibiotic sensitivity test ―> definitive
Sebelum terapi antibiotik