and
NEUROHORMONAL
Figure 18.1
Anatomi Kelenjar Endokrin
A. Glandula exocrin
– Ductus
– Lumen and
surfaces
B. Glandula endocrin
– Chemical
messengers
– Blood stream
Sekresi pengeluaran hormon
- Sekresi hormon oleh kelenjar endokrin
distimulasi atau dihambat oleh kadar sejenis
hormon dalam darah
Figure 18.6a, b
Glandula Pituitary
Figure 25.3a–c
Lobus Anterior
(adenohypophysis)
• hormon pertumbuhan (growth hormone [GH]) atau
hormon somatotropik (STH)
• Hormon perangsang-tiroid (thyroid-sytimulating
hotrmone [TSH])
• Hormon adrenokortikotropik (adenocorticotropic
hormone [ACTH]) juga disebut kortikotropin
• Gonadotropin. Hormon perangsang folikel (follicle-
stimulating hormone [FSH]) dan luteinzing hormone (LH)
• Prolaktin (PRL) disekresi selama masa kehamilan dan saat
menyusui setelah melairkan
Lobus posterior neurohypophysis
• Structurally part of
the brain
• Secretes two
hormones
– Antidiuretic hormone
(ADH)
– Oxytocin
Figure 25.5
Feedback control of Endocrine Secretion
Figure 18.8a
Feedback control of Endocrine Secretion
Figure 18.8b
Table 25.1
Fig
19.5
The Thyroid Gland
Figure 18.11a
17
The Thyroid Gland
– Hormon tiroid meningkatkan laju metabolik
hampir semua sel tubuh. Hormon ini
menstimulasi konsumsi konsumsi dan
memperbesar pengeluaran energi, terutama
dalam bentuk panas.
– Pertumbuhan dan maturasi normal tulang, gigi,
jaringan ikat, dan jaringan saraf tergantung
pada hormon-hormon tiroid.
– Parathyroid mengendalikan keseimbangan kalsium dan
fostat dalam tubuh melalui peningkatan kadar kalsium
darah dan penurunan kadar fosfat darah.
The Thyroid Follicles
Figure 18.12b
HORMONES OF THE THYROID GLAND
TRIIODOTHYRONINE
(T3) CALCITONIN
TETRAIODOTHYRONINE (T4)
THYROXINE
Grave’s disease
• overstimulation of gland
Cretinism by antibodies
• leads to small stature and • hyperthyroidism
mental retardation Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
Figure 18.14
23
Effects of Parathyroid Hormone
Figure 16.11
HORMONE OF THE PARATHYROID
GLAND
PARATHYROID HORMONE
Figure 18.16
Figure 45.9
Same receptors but different Different receptors
intracellular proteins (not shown)
Glycogen
deposits
Vessel Vessel
Glycogen dilates.
breaks down constricts.
and glucose
is released
from cell.
Liver takes
up glucose
and stores it STIMULUS:
as glycogen. Blood glucose level rises
Blood glucose
level declines. (for instance, after eating a
carbohydrate-rich meal).
Homeostasis:
Blood glucose level
(70–110 mg/100 mL)
Figure 45.13b-2
Homeostasis:
Blood glucose level
(70–110 mg/100 mL)
STIMULUS:
Blood glucose Blood glucose level
level rises. falls (for instance, after
skipping a meal).
Figure 18.20a
Regulation of Aldosterone
Nerve Hypothalamus
Spinal cord
signals
(cross section) Releasing
hormone
Nerve
cell
Anterior pituitary
Blood vessel
adrenal medulla Nerve cell
secretes epinephrine Adrenal cortex
& norepinephrine secretes
ACTH mineralocorticoids
& glucocorticoids
Adrenal
gland
CO
LA
Kidney
L RT
U
D (A) SHORT-TERM STRESS RESPONSE EX
ME
(B) LONG-TERM STRESS RESPONSE