MODUL DASAR TEKNOLOGI OTOMOTIF

 
 
KEGIATAN BELAJAR 3.
DASAR KELISTRIKAN DAN
ELEKTRONIKA

Disusun oleh :
Zainal Arifin
 ATOM
Atomic nucleus
-
Atomic
nucleus +
+ +
Proton
- Electron
- Neutron
Helium
Atom Hydrogen

+ +
- -
Lithium
 ARUS, TEGANGAN, TAHANAN

Kabel listrik
Elektron bebas

A B A B

Gerakan Electron

Neutralized Supplied from B

 UNIT ARUS

1 Ampere = 1 Second 1 Coulomb

< Units >

1 ampere = 1000 milliamperes
1 milliampere = 1000 microamperes

Ampere (A)
Milliampere (mA)
Microampere (µA)
 TEGANGAN
Tekanan air
Arus

Aliran Elektron

Tegangan

Tidak ada Tekanan Tegangan = Nol

TAHANAN
Generator

Arus

Load resistance

Cable internal resistance

 TAHANAN

< Units >

1 megaohm = 1000000 ohms = 10 6 ohms
1 kiloohm = 1000 ohms = 10 3 ohms
1 ohm
1 microohm = 1/1000000 ohm = 10 -6 ohm
< Symbols >
Megaohm (M )
Kiloohm (k )
Ohm ( )
Microohm (µ )
 HUKUM OHM

2 3 1
 ARUS, TEGANGAN, TAHANAN
Voltage ( volt )
Current (amper ) =
Re sis tan ce(ohms )

E (V) I : Current
I (A) =
R ( ) E : Voltage
R : Resistance
E (V)
R ( ) =
I (A)
E = I•R
E (V) = I (A) x R (  )

E
E R=
I= I
R
RANGKAIAN LISTRIK (APLIKASI HUKUM OHM)

Sirkuit dasar

Switch Fuse
Lamp

I=?

6
+ - 12 V
 ARUS, TEGANGAN, TAHANAN
Ketika voltage dan Arus diketahui dan ditanyakan tahanan
Ketika sebuah tahanan dipasangkan pada sebuah rangkaian
yang memiliki tegangan 24V, arus yang mengalirs sebesar
8A. Berapakah nilai tahanan tersebut?

I=8A

24 V
R=?

E
Hukum ohm R=
I
E = 24 (V) I = 8 (A)
24
R= = 3( )
8
 CONTOH SOAL
(2) Ketika tahanan dan arus diketahui, carilah tegangan rangkaian
Berapakah tegangan yang dibutuhkan untuk mengalirkan
arus sebesar 2A yang melalui tahanan sebesar 50 ohm

I=2A

100 V
R = 50

Hukum ohm E=IxR

I = 2 (A) R = 50 

E = 2 x 50 = 100 (V)
RANGKAIAN SERI
 RANGKAIAN SERI
R1 R2 R3

E1 E2 E3

Tegangan total E = E1 + E2 + E3
= I•R1 + I•R2 + I•R3

= I (R1 + R2 + R3)

Tahanan kombinasi E = E1 + E2 + E3
 RANGKAIAN SERI

6 4 2

12 V

R = R 1 + R 2 + R3

6 + 4 + 2 = 12 
E 12
I= = = 1( A )
R 12
RANGKAIAN PARALEL
 RANGKAIAN PARALEL
R1

I2

R2
I1

E
E E 1 1
Total arus I = I1 + I2 = R + R = E ( R + R )
1 2 1 2

1 Ohms’ Low
R=
1 1 E( V )
Tahanan + I( A ) =
R1 R2 R( )
kombinasi
1 1 1 1
= + = E( V ) x
R R1 R 2 R( )
RANGKAIAN PARALEL
R1 = 20

R 2 = 30

R 3 = 60

1 1
R= =
1 1 1 1 1 1
+ + + +
R1 R 2 R3 20 30 60
1 1 60
= = = = 10[  ]
3 2 1 6 6
+ +
60 60 60 60
 STRUKTUR BATERAI

Terminal Positive plate

Cell plug
Connector
Lid Pole Separator

Pole

Battery jar

Glass mat
Negative plate
Positive plate
Glass mat Negative plate
Separator
REAKSI KIMIA PENGISIAN BATERAI

Electron

Current
Kutub negatip Kutub positip

- + +
- + +
- + +
- + +

Lead ion + Hydrogen ion +

Pb + 2H2SO4 +PbO2 PbSO4 + 2H2O + PbSO4

Plat kutub negatip Plat kutub positip

 PERAWATAN BATERAI
Adjusting electrolyte level and specific gravity

Diluted sulfuric acid

Purified water
(Specific gravity : 1.400)
240
Replaceable quantity (CC)
(per 1 liter of electrolyte)

220
200
180
160
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
1.240 1.250 1.260 1.270 1.280 1.290 1.300 1.310 1.320

Battery electricity specific gravity (20 degrees)

PENGUKURAN ELECTROLYTE SPECIFIC GRAVITY

Rubber ball

Glass tube
A
Floating scale

Suction tube
PERLAKUKAN CHARGING BATERAI
 JENIS CHARGING

Initial charging Supplementary charging

 METODE CHARGING

1 Constant-current charging method

2 Fast charging method

 TEGANGAN DAN SPECIFIC GRAVITY

2.9

2.8 Voltage
2.7

2.6
Terminal voltage (V)

2.5 Specific gravity

2.4 1.3

2.3

Specific gravity
2.2 1.2

2.1

2.0 1.1

1.9
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20

Charging time (H)

ARUS, TEGANGAN, TAHANAN

-
-
+ +
-
+
-
+

Discharge rate(Ah)
Charging time(h) = x (1.2 to 1.5)
Charging current(A)
 KAPASITAS BATERAI
Unit Ampere-hour (Ah)

Ampere-hour capacity (Ah)

= discharge current (A) x discharge time (h)

Watt-hour capacity (Wh)

= discharge current (A) x discharge time (h) x mean discharge voltage (V)

Ampere-hour capacity (Ah)

(Contoh)

Discharge: 5 hours
6 (A) x 5 (h) = 30 (Ah)
Current: 6A

Voltage: 12V
Battery: 40Ah 40 (Ah) x 12 (V) = 480 (Ah)
 KAPASITAS BATERAI

5A
10 A

Heat loss
100Ah Chemical
100Ah reactions

20 hours at 5 A
10 hours at 10 A
 FUSES
Blade type Glass type

Housing Fusible strip

Terminal

Fusible strip

Terminal
Capacity 10% current 135% current 150% current
5A Mast fuse Fuses within 60 min. Fuses within 15 sec.
10A Mast fuse Fuses within 60 min. Fuses within 15 sec.
15A Mast fuse Fuses within 60 min. Fuses within 15 sec.
20A Mast fuse Fuses within 60 min. Fuses within 15 sec.
25A Mast fuse Fuses within 60 min. Fuses within 15 sec.
30A Mast fuse Fuses within 60 min. Fuses within 30 sec.
 UKURAN KABEL LISTRIK
Nomination
(cross-sectional Strand diameter mm Number of strands Outer diameter mm Allowable current A
area mm)
0.5 0.32 7 2.2 9
0.85 0.32 11 2.4 12
1.25 0.32 16 2.7 15
2 0.32 26 3.1 20
3 0.32 41 3.8 27
5 0.32 65 4.6 37
8 0.45 50 5.5 47
15 0.45 84 7.0 59
20 0.8 41 8.2 84
30 0.8 70 10.8 120
40 0.8 85 11.4 135
50 0.8 108 13.0 160
 TERIMA KASIH
ATAS PERHATIANNYA