By : Hanung N. Prasetyo
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October 7, 2020
I. Definisi himpunan
Himpunan adalah kumpulan dari objek-objek yang berbeda.
Untuk menyatakan, digunakan huruf KAPITAL seperti A, B, C, dsb.
Untuk menyatakan anggota-anggotanya digunakan huruf kecil,
seperti a,b,c, dsb.
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October 7, 2020
1. A = {1, 3, 5, 7, 9, …}
2. B = {‘hafidz’, 20, ‘matematika’,2004}
3. C = {a, b, {a}, {b, c}, c, d, {e, 9}}
4. D = {x : x<15, x bilangan Prima}
5. E = {x: x2 + 2x + 5 = 0, xR}
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October 7, 2020
Contoh-1 :
S = {1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12}
A = {2,3,6,8,9,11} B
S A
B = {1,3,4,5,7,8} 1
9
2 3 4
Simbol untuk keanggotaan 5
6 8
11
Jadi: 2 A, 4 B 7
10 12
4 A , 9 B
3 A, 3 B
3 A, 3 B
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October 7, 2020
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October 7, 2020
A
C
Simbol himpunan
Bagian
AM
BM
CM
B
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October 7, 2020
Definisi : A U B = { x | x A atau x B }
A B
Contoh-1 A = { 2, 3, 5, 7, 9}
B = { 0, 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, }
C = { 10, 11, 14, 15}
D = { Anto, 14, L}
E = {1, 2, 4 }
Maka : A U B = { 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9}
A U D = {2, 3, 5, 7, 9, Anto, 14, L}
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October 7, 2020
Definisi : A B = { x | x A dan x B }
A B
Contoh : Maka :
A = { 2, 3, 5, 7, 9} A B = {2, 5}
B = { 0, 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, } E B = { 1,2 4}
C = { 10, 11, 14, 15} AC={} A E = {2}
D = { Anto, 14, L} D C = {14}
E = {1, 2, 4 } AD={}
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October 7, 2020
Definisi : A – B = { x | x A dan x B }
Contoh
A B
A = {2,3,4,6,7,9}
B = {1,2,3,5,6,8,9,10}
C = {3,5,9}
Maka : A – B = {4,7}
B – A = {1,5,8,10}
A–C={
B–C={
C–B={
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October 7, 2020
Definisi : Ac = { x | x A dan x S }
Ac
A
Contoh :
A = { 2, 3, 5, 6, 8) ;
B = {1, 2, 4, 6, 7, 9, 13}
S = { x | x bilangan asli 14} S A B
4 13
Maka : 5 6
7 10
8 2
Ac = { 1,4,7, 9,10,11,12,13,14} 3 9
1
11 14 12
Bc = {3,5, 8,11,12,14}
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October 7, 2020
1. Hukum idempoten
AUA= A AA=A
2. Hukum Asosiatif
A U (B U C) = (AUB) U C A (B C) = (A B) C
3.Hukum komutatif
AUB= BUA A B = B A
4. Hukum Distributif
A U (B C) = (AUB) (A U C) A (B U C) = (A B) U (A C)
5. Hukum Identitas
AU= A AUS = S AU = A A =
A U Ac = S A Ac = Sc = c = S
8. Hukum De Morgan
( A U B )c = Ac Bc ( A B )c = Ac U Bc
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October 7, 2020
1. Jika A = {1,3,4,7,8,9,12}
B = {1,2,3,5,7,8}
C = {2,4,6,8,10}
S = {x| x adalah bilangan asli < 14}
a. Gambarkan Diagram Venn dari himpunan-himpunan di atas.
TENTUKANLAH
b. A (B - C) h. A B
c. A (A U B) i. (A B) – (C B)
d. B (B C) j. (B C)c - A
e. (B - C)c (A - B) k. B ( Ac – C)
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Dalam matematika bilangan terbagi 2:
1. Nyata terdiri dari Irrasional & rasional
2. Tidak Nyata/unreal
KOMUTATIF
ASOSIATIF
DISTRIBUTIF
IDENTITAS
INVERS
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Kaidah Komutatif
Kaidah Asosiatif
Kaidah Pembatalan
Kaidah Distributif
Unsur Penyama
Kebalikan
Pada Prinsipnya operasi dalam matematika
hanya dua yaitu:
Penjumlahan
Contoh: 2 + 3 = 5 ; 2 + -3 menjadi 2 – 3 = -1
Perkalian
xa = m x =am
x log m = a