Proses Pabrikasi Plat Logam_P2

Pengerolan Logam …, continued

Muhammad Firdausi, Ir. MT. |0811 8822 695
Rolling Process

Sumber:
Manufacturing Engineering and Technology,
Serope Kalpakjian.
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Tandem-Rolling

Figure 13.11 An example of a tandem-rolling operation.

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 Bending of Rolls
Karena adanya gaya-gaya yg
bekerja selama proses rolling, pada
rol cenderung terjadi bending.
Hal ini menyebabkan hasil rol
menjadi lebih tebal di bagian
tengah (gambar -a).
Hal itu bisa diatasi dengan
membuat rol yang diameter bag
tengahnya dibuat lebih besar
(gambar-b).

Figure 13.4 (a) Bending of straight cylindrical rolls caused by roll

forces. (b) Bending of rolls ground with camber, producing a strip
with uniform thickness through the strip width. Deflections have
been exaggerated for clarity.
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 Spreading in Flat Rolling
Spreading adalah
perubahan lebar b-kerja
(menjadi lebih lebar, dari wo
menjadi wf) sebagai dampak
dari proses pengerolan.
Semakin kecil nilai width-
to-thickness ratio dari b-
kerja yg di roll, nilai
spreading semakin besar.
Semakin besar spreading
semakin besar gaya
Figure 13.5 Increase in strip width (spreading) in flat rolling. pengerolan yg diperlukan.
Note that similar spreading can be observed when dough is
rolled with a rolling pin.
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Roller Leveling

Figure 13.7 (a) A method of roller leveling to flatten rolled sheets. (b) Roller leveling to
straighten drawn bars.

Roller leveling merupakan pengaturan level roll agar diperoleh

hasil pengerolan yang lurus atau rata. Gambar a adalah roller
leveling u/ bk dlm bentuk sheet (lembaran, plat); sedangkan
gambar b adalah roller leveling u/ bk dalam bentuk batang silindris.
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Roller leveling

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Defects in Flat Rolling

Figure 13.8 Schematic

illustration of typical defects
in flat rolling: (a) wavy edges;
(b) zipper cracks in the center
of the strip; (c) edge cracks;
and (d) alligatoring.

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Defects in Flat Rolling
• Wavy edges (a): cacat ini disebabkan
roll bending. Ketebalan plat di bagian
pinggir lebih tipis d/p bag tengah.
• Zipper crack & Edge crack (b & c):
cacat yg disebabkan ductility (keuletan)
material yg kurang baik pd temperatur
pengerolan.
• Alligatoring (d): cacat karena
deformasi yg tidak seragam saat
pengerolan, atau adanya cacat bawaan
dari billet, ingot.

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 Shape Rolling
• Berbeda dgn flat rolling (hasil
roll berupa plat);
• Shape rolling adalah proses roll
yang menghasilkan bentuk
penampang tertentu (profil I,
profil H, rel kereta api & profil
lainnya).
• Pengerolan dilakukan bertahap,
dengan disain roll yg umumnya
cukup rumit.
• Yg juga termasuk kategori shape
rolling a.l. ring rolling, thread
rolling.

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Shape Rolling of an H-section part

Figure 13.12 Steps in the

shape rolling of an H-section
part. Various other
structural sections, such as
channels and I-beams, also
are rolled by this kind of
process.

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 Roll-Forging

Figure 13.13 Two examples of the roll-forging operation, also known as cross-rolling.
Tapered leaf springs and knives can be made by this process. Source: After J. Holub.
 Production of Steel Balls

Figure 13.14 (a) Production of steel balls by the skew-rolling process. (b)
Production of steel balls by upsetting a cylindrical blank. Note the formation of
flash. The balls made by these processes subsequently are ground and polished for
use in ball bearings.
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 Ring-Rolling

Figure 13.15 (a) Schematic illustration of a ring-rolling operation. Thickness reduction

results in an increase in the part diameter. (b-d) Examples of cross-sections that can be
formed by ring-rolling.
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Thread-Rolling Processes

Figure 13.16 Thread-

rolling processes: (a)
and (c) reciprocating
flat dies; (b) two-roller
dies. (d) Threaded
fasteners, such as bolts,
are made economically
by these processes at
high rates of
production. Source:
Courtesy of Central
Rolled Thread Die Co.

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 Machined and Rolled Threads

Figure 13.17 (a) Features of a machined or rolled thread. Grain flow in (b) machined and (c)
rolled threads. Unlike machining, which cuts through the grains of the metal, the rolling of
threads imparts improved strength because of cold working and favorable grain flow.

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 Cavity Formation in Bar

Figure 13.18 Cavity formation in a solid, round bar and its utilization in the rotary tube-
piercing process for making seamless pipe and tubing. (see also Fig. 2.9.)

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 Various Tube-Rolling Processes

Figure 13.19 Schematic illustration of various tube-rolling processes: (a) with a

fixed mandrel; (b) with a floating mandrel; (c) without a mandrel; and (d) pilger
rolling over a mandrel and a pair of shaped rolls. Tube diameters and
thicknesses also can be changed by other processes, such as drawing, extrusion,
and spinning.
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Bersambung …
 
mmfirdausi@istn.ac.id
mmfirdausi@yahoo.com