Fauzar
VAP HAP
ATS/IDSA 2016
Terminologi HCAP dihapuskan
▫ IDSA/ATS 2005 HCAP
Pneumonia pada pasien non hospitalisasi yang
memiliki kontak signifikan dengan sistem pelayanan
kesehatan.
Suportif
Antibiotik Empiris
Karena beberapa alasan, yaitu:
Pemberian antibiotik
IDSA & ATS 2016 Antibiogram
empiris
Dirawat di faskes
dengan isolat HAP dengan syok
S.aureus MRSA > sepsis
20%
16
Not at High Risk of Mortality and no Factors Increasing
the Likelihood of MRSA
Piperacillin-tazobactam 4,5 g IV q6h
OR
Cefepim 2 g IV q8h
OR
Levofloxacin 750 mg IV daily
OR
Imipenem 500 mg IV q6h
Meropenem 1 g IV q8h
Not at High Risk of Mortality but With Factors Increasing The
Likelihood of MRSA
Piperacillin-tazobactam 4,5 g IV q6h
OR
Cefepim or ceftazidime 2 g IV q8h
OR
Levofloxacin 750 mg IV daily
Ciprofloxacin 400 mg IV q8h
OR
Imipenem 500 mg IV q6h
Meropenem 1 g IV q6h
OR
Aztreonam
Plus
Vancomisin 15 mg/kgBB IV q8-12h with goal to target 15-20 mg/ml trough level consider a
laoding dose of 25-30/kg for several ill OR
Linezolid 600 mg IV q12h
High High Risk of Mortality or Receip of Intravenous Antibiotics During th Prior
90d
Two of the following , avoid two 2 β lactam
peracillin-tazobactam 4,5 g IV q6h
OR
Cefepim or ceftazidime 2 g IV q8h
OR
Levofloxacin 750 mg IV daily
Ciprofloxacin 400 mg IV q8h
OR
Imipenem 500 mg IV q6h
Meropenem 1 g IV q6h
OR
Amikasin, Gentamicin,Tobramicin
OR
Aztreonam
Plus
Vancomisin 15 mg/kgBB IV q8-12h with goal to target 15-20 mg/ml trough level consider a laoding dose of 25-30/kg for
several ill, OR Linezolid 600 mg IV q12h
REKOMENDASI ATS/IDSA
REKOMENDASI ATS/IDSA
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24
Mikroorganisme penyebab infeksi di RSUP
Dr. M Djamil 2018
Mikroorganisme Jumlah
Klebsiella pneumoniae 391
Acinetobacter baumannii 318
Escherichia coli 247
Staphylococcus haemolyticus 173
Pseudomonas aeruginosa 131
Staphylococcus aureus ss. aureus 97
Enterobacter cloacae 80
Staphylococcus epidermidis 56
Candida tropicalis 41
Candida albicans 35
Daftar Isolat Di RSUP Dr. M Djamil Semester
I tahun 2019
No. Nama Bakteri Jumlah isolat
98.3
91.8
87.3
83.3
74.5
71.6 69.9
68.1
64.4 65.5 65.5 64.4 63.3
60.9 62.7 60.9 60.1 58.2
56.7 56.1 56.7
53.4
49.1 49.5
47.5 49.1
46.7
40.8 41.3
38.8 38 37.5
32.7 32.3
28 30 30
23.4 25.5
18.2 17.9 16 19.2
10.1
6.1
0 0 0 0 0
Ampicilin Ampicilin Cefepime Ceftazidime Ceftriaxone Ciprofloxacin Gentamycin Meropenem Piperacilin
Sulbactam Tazobactam
60 57
50
40
30
20
10
0
Methicilin resistant Escherichia coli penghasil ESBL Klebsiella pneumoniae
Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) penghasil ESBL
Jumlah (%)
Pola Kepekaan Kuman
RSUP Dr. dr. M. Djamil 2018
Klebsiella pneumoniae ss. pneumoniae
97.4
100 91
86.2
90
80.1
80
70
59.8
56.8 56.2
60
50 44
38.1
40 34.5
30.2
26.7
30 21.5 19.4 19.2
20
10
5.4
0 0
0
lin lin e e e e e e
tam tam ol
in im on im im am em em cin cin cin ol oi
n in
ci il ci il c c z id x x p on en en ik
a i xa az nt c l
m
p ox u lb
a
o ba ef
a
taz ftri
a
fot
a
ef
e
tre tap rop m ntam flo h ox fu ra e cy
z C f C z r e o t g
A A
m
in
/S /T
a Ce Ce Ce A E M
e A G ip
r
m
e itr
o Ti
ll li n C fa N
ci cil ul
pi r a /S
m
A pe rim
Pi o p
eth
im
Tr
Escherichia coli
99.2 99.6 100
100 93.5
89.9
90
80 73.7
70
65.2
60
55.5
50 43.7
40
27.5 25.9
30 24.3 23.8
19 18.6
20
5.3 4.8 5.7
10
0
lin lin e e e e e e
tam tam ol
in im on im im am em em cin cin cin ol oi
n in
ci il ci il c c z id x x p on en en ik
a i xa az nt c l
m
p ox u lb
a
o ba ef
a
taz ftri
a
fot
a
ef
e
tre tap rop m ntam flo h ox fu ra e cy
z C f C z r e o t g
A A
m
in
/S /T
a Ce Ce Ce A E M
e A G ip
r
m
e itr
o Ti
ll li n C fa N
ci cil ul
pi r a /S
m
A pe rim
Pi o p
eth
im
Tr
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
90
80.6
80
67.4 69.5
70
61.7 59.7
59.3 57.4
60
50
40.6
40
30
20
10
0
0
in e e in n in
ct
am ol im im na
m
ne
m c ic i xa
c
a f a z
zid ep o pe ika ta
m o
zob Ce fta Ce
f
ztr e ro Am n ro
fl
/T
a C e A M
e Ge C ip
lin
a cil
r
pe
Pi
Enterobacter cloacae
98.8
100 91.2 91.2
90
78.8
80
68.8
70
65
60.8
60
50 47.5
50
39.2 38.8
40 32.5
28.8
30
20
10 1.2
0 0
0
l in m am l in e ne e
am em em cin cin cin ol
e
oi
n
in
e
ci l c ta c t zo di m x o pi m n n n ika i x a a z nt c l
pi lb
a ba ef
a
az
i
r ia efe re
o
a pe ope m ta
m
flo ox ra ecy
m u zo C ft ft C zt t r A n r o th fu g
A
n/
S Ta Ce Ce A Er M
e Ge ip e
i tro Ti
l i n/ C a m N
cil i ll
i ul
f
pi c /S
Am ra im
i pe pr
P ho
et
im
Tr
KESIMPULAN
▫ HAP sering disebabkan oleh patogen MDR
▫ Pemilihan AB pada HAP berdasarkan ada tidaknya faktor risiko untuk kuman
MDR dan faktor risiko mortalitas
▫ Faktor risiko MDR pada HAP adalah pemberian AB intravena dalam 90 hari
terakhir
▫ Faktor risiko mortalitas pada HAP adalah pemakaian ventilator dan shock sepsis
▫ Meropenem adalah salah satu antibiotik yang direkomendasikan untuk HAP
▫ Berbagai kuman MDR penyebab HAP masih sensitif terhadap Meropenem
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Thanks!
Any questions?