Potensi Bahaya K3 dan Pengendalian Bahaya

Muhammad Fariz
P07134220026
Agenda 01 Pengertian Bahaya

Style
02 Jenis Bahaya
.

03 Pengendalian Bahaya
.
Pengertian Bahaya

Sesuatu yang berpotensi

menyebabkan terjadinya
kerugian, kerusakan,
cedera, sakit, kecelakaan,
atau bahkan dapat
menyebabkan kematian
yang berhubungan dengan
proses dan sistem kerja.
 Jenis Bahaya

04 02 01
Bahaya
Psikologis
Bahaya Kimia Bahaya Fisik

Bahaya Bahaya Biologis .

Ergonomis .

05 03
 Bahaya Fisik
Bahaya fisik yaitu potensi bahaya yang dapat menyebabkan
gangguan-gangguan kesehatan terhadap tenaga kerja yang
terpapar, misalnya: terpapar kebisingan intensitas tinggi, suhu
ekstrim (panas dan dingin), intensitas penerangan kurang
memadai, getaran, dan radiasi.

Kebisingan Getaran Suhu

Segala bunyi yang tidak
dikehendaki yang dapat
memberi pengaruh negatif
terhadap kesehatan dan
kesejahteraan seseorang
maupun suatu populasi.
Contoh penyakit : ketulian,
gangguan emosi, gangguan
tidur, dll
Vibrasi atau getaran akibat
penggunaan mesin atau
alat dalam waktu lama
dapat menyebabkan nyeri
otot, mual, hingga
gangguan pembuluh
darah.
Suhu di lingkungan kerja yang
melebihi ambang batas dapat
menimbulkan efek yaitu
meningkatkan denyut jantung,
mudah berkeringat, tidak
seimbang kadar air dan garam
dalam tubuh, dan perubahan
aliran darah di kulit.
 Penerangan
Penerangan diperlukan untuk mengenali suatu
objek secara visual. Penerangan yang kurang
dapat menyebabkan penyakit akibat kerja yaitu
penglihatan yang kabur, kelelahan mata
dengan berkurangnya daya dan efisiensi kerja
mata.
Radiasi
Pajanan radiasi ultraviolet dapat
menyebabkan kerusakan ikatan kimia
pada tubuh, tidak mampu melihat sinar,
kulit terbakar, dan bahkan dapat
menyebabkan kemandulan.
Bahaya Kimia
Bahaya kimia adalah potensi bahaya yang disebabkan oleh sifat dan
karakteristik kimia yang dimiliki bahan tersebut.. Bahan-bahan tersebut
mempunyai resiko untuk mengganggu kesehatan pekerja. Banyak
penyakit salah satunya keracunan dan iritasi yang sering terjadi akibat
paparan zat kimia yang berlebihan pada pekerja.

Iritasi
Iritasi menyebabkan peradangan pada
permukaan di tempat kontak , menyebabkan
sesak napas,dan oedema (bengkak). Contoh :
asam ringan, basa ringan , pelarut, aldehide,
amonia,dan nitrogen dioksida
Korosif
Bahan kimia juga dapat
menyebabkan kerusakan jaringan
tubuh pada manusia jika tidak
ditangani dengan baik. Contoh :
asam klorida, asam sulfat, dan
asam nitrat

Luka Bakar Keracunan Sistemik

Bahan kimia juga dapat menyebabkan luka bakar Bahan kimia juga dapat
pada manusia bila tidak ditangani dengan baik. mempengaruhi bagian-bagian
Contoh: : Bensin, aseton, xylene, dan etanol. tubuh lainnya. Contoh : merkuri
: (otak), arsenik (sistem syaraf
peripheral), dan kadmium (ginjal).
 Bahaya Biologis
Bahaya biologi dapat didefinisikan sebagai bahaya organik
yang berasal dari sumber-sumber biologi yang berbeda seperti
virus, bakteri, jamur, protein dari binatang atau bahan-bahan
dari tumbuhan seperti produk serat alam yang terdegradasi

Jamur
Jamur juga dapat menjadi bahaya biologis bagi para pekerja. Contoh:
Candida, epidermophyton , dan Talaromyces marneffei.

Virus
Virus yang menyebabkan infeksi yaitu : herpes simplex virus,
influenza, HIV, dan hepatitis B dan C.

Bakteri
Bakteri yang menyebabkan infeksi yaitu : Bacillus anthracis dan
mycobacterium tuberculosis..
 Bahaya Psikologi
Bahaya psikologis adalah bahaya yang berasal atau ditimbulkan oleh kondisi
aspek-aspek psikologis ketenagakerjaan yang kurang baik atau kurang
mendapatkan perhatian seperti : penempatan tenaga kerja yang tidak sesuai
dengan bakat, minat, kepribadian, motivasi, atau pendidikannya, sistem seleksi dan
klasifikasi tenaga kerja yang tidak sesuai.

01 Stress adalah tanggapan tubuh

(respon) yang sifatnya non-
spesifik terhadap setiap tuntutan 02 Gangguan emosional yang di timbulkan : cemas
gelisah, dan gangguan kepribadian
atasnya. Manakala tuntutan
terhadap tubuh itu berlebihan,
maka hal ini dinamakan stress.

03 Penyakit-penyakit psikosomatis antara lain :

jantung koroner, tekanan darah tinggi, gangguan
pencernaan, luka usus besar, gangguan
pernapasan, asma bronkial, penyakit kulit,dll
 Bahaya Ergonomi

Bahaya ergonomi adalah potensi bahaya

yang berasal atau yang disebabkan oleh
penerapan ergonomi yang tidak baik atau
tidak sesuai dengan norma-norma ergonomi
yang berlaku, dalam melakukan pekerjaan
serta peralatan kerja,.

Low Back Pain

Nyeri punggung bawah yang
disebabkan oleh cedera otot
(tegang) atau ligamen
(keseleo). Hernia Nukleus Pulposus
Kondisi ketika salah satu bantalan atau
cakram (disc) tulang rawan dari tulang
belakang menonjol keluar dan menjepit
Varises saraf. Penyakit ini sering disebut oleh
orang awam sebagai saraf terjepit.).
Pembengkakan
. atau pelebaran pembuluh
darah vena yang disebabkan oleh adanya
penumpukan darah di dalam pembuluh
tersebut.
Pengendalian
Bahaya
Proses yang dilakukan oleh instansi atau
perusahaan dalam mencapai tujuan agar para
pekerja di instansi atau perusahaan dapat
menghindari resiko aktivitas yang dapat berpotensi
menimbulkan cedera dan penyakit akibat kerja
sebagai tujuan awal dari suatu perusahaan.
 Pengendalian Bahaya
1 2 3 4

Eliminasi
Eliminasi menjadi langkah pertama dalam
pengendalian sumber bahaya di tempat kerja.
Eliminasi artinya penghilangan yang berarti
dengan cara ini sumber bahaya akan
dihilangkan dari tempat kerja kita contohnya
adalah tidak menggunakan bahan kimia yang
beracun pada tempat kerja dan
menghilangkan pekerjaan yang dapat
membuat stress.
Subtitusi
Subtitusi adalah upaya penggantian
bahan, alat, dan cara kerja dengan
alternatif lain yang memiliki bahaya
yang lebih rendah agar dapat
menekan kemungkinan dampak
serius yang disebabkan oleh sumber
bahaya tersebut. Contohnya adalah
mengganti termometer raksa
dengan termometer digital ketika
pemeriksaan suhu
Pengendalian
Teknik
Pengendalian teknik adalah
dengan merekayasa desain
alat atau desain tempat kerja
guna untuk memberi
perlindungan pada para
pekerja dari sumber bahaya.
Contohnya adalah
pemasangan karpet karet
anti slip pada laboratorium..
Pengendalian
Administratif
Pengendalian administratif adalah
pengendalian yang dilakukan dengan
menggunakan peraturan-peraturan
administrasi yang bertujuan untuk
membatasi waktu pemaparan pekerja
dengan sumber bahaya. Contohnya adalah
seleksi pekerja, adanya SOP, pelatihan,
pengawasan, rotasi kerja, jadwal
kerja,pemeliharaan modifikasi perilaku, dan
jadwal istirahat
 5

Alat Pelindung
Diri
APD adalah suatu alat yang dapat
mengurangi jumlah pajanan sumber bahaya
yang masuk ke tubuh penggunanya .
Penggunaan APD dilakukan apabila
pengendalian yang berada di atasnya belum
efektif tetapi penggunaan APD tidak
menggantikan pengendalian yang ada
diatasnya namun sebagai usaha terakhir.
 Kesimpulan
Bahaya adalah sesuatu yang berpotensi menyebabkan terjadinya kerugian,
kerusakan,bahkan dapat menyebabkan kematian. Bahaya memiliki beberapa
jenis yaitu bahaya fisik, bahaya kimia, bahaya biologis, bahaya psikologi, dan
bahaya ergonomi. Masing-masing dari bahaya tersebut memiliki akibat yang
ditimbulkan. Di samping itu ada juga pengendalian bahaya yaitu eliminasi,
subtitusi, pengendalian teknik, pengendalian administratif, dan alat pelindung
yang digunakan untuk mengurangi atau menghilangkan bahaya tersebut.
THANK YOU
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