Teknik Penulisan Kontrak

Internasional (II)
Hikmatul Ula, SH. M.Kn.
Batang Tubuh Kontrak (Body of
Contract)
 Batang tubuh kontrak memuat hak dan tanggung jawab atau janji-
janji para pihak dalam perjanjian
 Batang tubuh ditulis dalam pasal-pasal dan ayat-ayat
 Sebelum masuk pada batang tubuh kontrak, setelah bagian awal
kontrak, setelah recitals, dituliskan kalimat transisi: “therefore, the
parties agree as follows”
Bagian dalam Batang Tubuh Kontrak

 Definitions (definisi)  Indemnities, guaranties,

 Consideration release
 Condition Precedent
 Events of Defaults
 Termination
 Representations and Warranties
 Remedies
 Covenants
 Boilerplate
Definisi

 Definisi memuat tentang pengertian-pengertian tentang “kata-kata”

yang ada dalam kontrak
 Definisi diletakkan pada bagian pertama (Pasal pertama) kontrak
 Contoh:
Article 1
Definitions
1.1. “Banking Day” means a day that is a New York Banking Day
1.2. “Dollars” or “$” means lawful money of the United States
1.3. “Products” means the products listed in the Schedule A
……. Ect.
Consideration (Perjanjian Utama)

 Inti dari kontrak, berisi tentang hak dan kewajiban utama bagi para
pihak. Unsur esensialia dalam perjanjian.
 Dituangkan dalam pasal secara jelas, termasuk tanggal2 dan alamat2
penting dalam perjanjian
 Article 2
Commitment
The buyer agrees to buy ten units Volk Wagon (VW) sports car from the seller
with the specifications as specified in Appendix 1 to the price for each $100.000
(a hundred thousand US dollars), equivalent to 1.2 one point two billion rupiah.

Article 3
Payment and Dilivery
1. The buyer shall pay the price of the cars as defined in Article 1 no later than
October 1, 2015
2. The seller shall deliver the cars as defined in Appendix 1 no later than one
week after received the payment or by date October 8, 2015
Condition Precedent (Syarat
Pendahuluan)
 Pasal condition precedent mengatur tentang kewajiban-kewajiban
para pihak dalam kontrak hanya bisa dipaksakan berlakunya apabila
syarat dan kondisi tertentu yang sudah disepakati tertenuhi.
 Menjelaskan syarat-syarat atau kondisi tertentu yang harus dipenuhi
para pihak sebelum pasal-pasal lainnya dalam kontrak dapat mengikat
mereka.
 Pada umumnya, klausula condition precedent dituliskan dengan kata-
kata seperti: “on condition that…..” atau “only if……” atau “subject
to the condition that….”
 Article 4
Condition Precedent
1. The buyer shall pay the price in accordance with the provisions of
Article 2 only if the seller has sent the official letter about the
condition of the goods to the buyer at the latest on 15 September
2015
2. The official letter referred to in paragraph 1 are:
a. Description of the cars in good condition from dealer
b. Description authenticity and suitability of chassis number and
engine number of goods from dealers and the authorities
Representations and Warranties
(Pernyataan Para Pihak)
 Berisi tentang keterangan atau pernyataan para pihak tentang
keabsahan subyek (kedudukan hokum para pihak) dan obyek dalam
kontrak.
 Pernyataan-pernyataan tentang fakta, kondisi yang sekarang ada dan
akan berlangsung hingga berakhirnya kontrak.
 Article 9
Representations and Warranties

Seller hereby represents and warrants that:

a. The sellers is legitimate and authorized in selling cars, accordance
with applicable regulations
b. The cars are legitimate goods, including machine, spare parts and all
component with in
c. ………………
Covenants (Janji-janji)

 Berisi tentang janji-janji para pihak dalam kontrak. Janji untuk

melakukan sesuatu (positive covenants) atau janji untuk tidak
melakukan sesuatu (negative covenants)
 Berbeda dengan consideration, consideration merupakan perjanjian
utama (unsur naturalia) sedangkan covenants merupakan perjanjian
tambahan (unsur aksidentalia)
 Article 11
Covenants

1. The seller shall bear all cost of repairs of the damage caused the
goods delivery error or because of their hidden defects
2. The seller shall provide the service for free during the first year at an
authorized dealer who has been appointed
3. …………………..
Indemnity (Jaminan Perlindungan dari
Gugatan Pihak Ketiga)
 Diartikan sbg klausul perjanjian dibuat oleh salah satu pihak dalam kontrak untuk
melindungi dan menanggung serta membebaskan pihak lainnya dari segala kerugian,
biaya, tanggung jawab, serta gugatan pihak ketiga yang muncul akibat pelaksanaan
kontrak.
 Elemen2 yang harus diperhatikan dalam penyusunan pasal indemnity:
 pengidentifikasian dg jelas hak dan kewajiban indemnitor dan indemnitee
 penentuan kerugian apa saja yg harus ditanggung indemnitor, apakah termasuk
kerugian thdp pihak ketiga, atau hanya kerugian indemnitee saja
 penentuan periode waktu berlakunya indemnity
 penentuan jumlah maksimum kerugian yang akan ditanggung indemnitor
 prosedur pengajuan klaim indemnity oleh indemnitee kepada indemnitor
 prosedur pelaksanaan indemnity oleh indemnitor
 Article 13
INDEMNITY
1. The Seller shall hold harmless and indemnify the Buyer against any losses,
liability, claims and expenses arising out of or relating to this transaction,
provided however that:
a. this obligation of Seller to indemnify Buyer shall apply only to losses,
liabilities, claims and expenses which are asserted by third parties on or
before 31 December 2015
b. This obligation of Seller to indemnify Buyer shall be limited to the value of
the amount up to $500.000 (five hundred thousand dollars)
1. ……………… (notification)
Guaranty (Penjaminan)

 Berisi tentang jaminan, dapat berupa personal guaranty maupun corporate

guaranty.
 Klausula ini juga dapat berisi tentang jaminan kebendaan yang dimiliki oleh
para pihak. Biasanya digunakan dalam Credit Agreement atau Loan
Agreement
 Dalam kontrak dapat ditambahkan pihak ketiga sebagai guarantor (penjamin).
Apabila melibatkan guarantor, maka guarantor menjadi pihak dalam kontrak
dan disebutkan dalam introductory paragraph serta signature block
 Dalam praktek kontrak bisnis ada dua jenis guaranty, guaranty of payment
(dapat dimintakan secara langsung tanpa upaya hokum) dan guaranty of
collection (harus dimintakan upaya hokum terlebih dahulu)
 Article 15
GUARANTY
1. The guarantor, as primary obligor, guarantees payment in full of all amounts
payable by the Debitor under this agreement and the Promissory Notes, as
and when those amounts become payable, strictly in accordance with the
provisions of this agreement and the Promissory Notes
2. This Guaranty shall not be affected in any way by the absence of any action
to obtain payment from the Debitor
 Article 15
GUARANTY
1. The Guarantor guarantees the collection of all debts, obligation and liabilities
payable by the Debitor under this Agreement and the Promissory Notes,
strictly in accordance the provisions of this Agreement and the Promissory
Notes
2. The Guaranty is limited and conditional, a guaranty of collection only. The
Guarantor shall be obligated to make payments hereunder only after the Bank
has reduced its claims against the Debitur to judgment and the execution has
been returned unsatisfied, or after the Debitor has become insolvent, or after
it has become apparent that the Bank cannot proceed against the Debitor
3. ……………………….
Events of Default and Remedies
(Kejadian Default dan Upaya Hukumnya)
 Event of default merupakan segala kejadian yg mungkin timbul saat
pelaksanaan perjanjian yang mengakibatkan salah satu pihak tidak dapat
melaksanakan hak dan kewajiban dalam perjanjian. lebih luas dari hanya
wanprestasi
 Para pihak perlu menyepakati kejadian apa saja yang termasuk events of
default termasuk jenis remedisnya
 Remedies adalah upaya hokum yang dapat dilakukan apabila terjadi event of
default. Remedies dapat diberlakukan secara otomatis (otomatic remedies)
maupun non otomatic remedies (harus ada notice, dll)
 Remedies dapat berupa: pengakhiran sementara (termination), denda,
pengambilan asset, pengusiran, percepatan kewajiban pembayaran
(pelaksanaan kewajiban), right of setoff, dll
 Article 17
EVENTS OF DEFAULT and REMEDIES

1. Events of Default
If one or more of following events of default occurs and continuing, the Bank shall be entitled to the remedies set
forth in Section 2:
a. Any amount payable by the Debitor in this Agreement is not paid as and when it becomes payable
b. The Debitor fails to perform or observe any covenant in this Agreement and does not remedy the failure on
or before the thirtieth day after it occurs
c. Any representation or warranty of the Debitor in this Agreement proves to have been incorrect, incomplete
or misleading at that time it was made

2. Remedies
a. If any efvent of defaults occurs and its continuing, the Bank, by notice to the Debitor:
- declares the obligations of the Bank hereunder to be terminated, and
- declares its right to accelerate the Debitor’s repayment of all amounts payable hereunder
b. If any amount payable by the Debitor hereunder is not paid as and when due, the Debitor authorizes the
Bank to proceed, without prior notice, by right of settof, against any assets of the Debitor in any currency
that may anytime be in the possession of the Bank, at any branch of office, to the full of extent of all
amounts payable to the Bank and to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law

3. Rights Not Eksclusive

The Rights provided herein are cumulate and are not exclusive of any other rights, privilages or remedies
provided by law