BAB IV
ROLLING-ELEMENT
BEARING
4.1 PENDAHULUAN
Istilah lain :
rolling-contact bearing, anti-friction bearing, rolling bearing
Fungsi bantalan :
Menumpu beban antara bagian yang bergerak/berputar relatif
satu dengan lainnya dengan menjaga gesekan yang sekecil
mungkin. Contoh : antara poros dan dudukannya.
Konsep dasar :
Gaya diteruskan antara dua bagian yang bergerak relatif
melalui kontak antara rolling element (ball/roller) dengan
sliding member (inner ring dan outer ring).
1. Ball Bearing
Tabel 4.1 Karakteristik beberapa tipe ball bearing
2. Roller Bearing
Tabel 4.4 Karakteristik beberapa tipe cylindrical roller bearing
Diametral clearance :
c d d o d i 2d (4.2)
Race conformity :
r
Rr (4.3)
d
cd c c
d d r ori x atau x r ori d d
4 4 2
c r Bd (4.5)
dengan : B R ro R ri 1 (4.6)
Shift position
B : total conformity ratio
Training on Bearing and Lubrication 15
Bab IV Rolling-Element Bearing
cd
Free contact angle, f cos f 1 (4.7)
2c r
do di
r o r i
f cos 1 2 (4.8)
ro r id
Shift position
Pers. (4.8) menunjukkan bahwa :
Jika diameter bola diperbesar dan paraneter lainnya tetap, maka free contact
angle akan mengecil atau jika diameter bola diperkecil, maka free contact
angle akan membesar.
Endplay, ce adalah gerakan aksil maksimum dari inner race terhadap outer race
saat kedua ring coaxially centered dan tidak ada gaya yang bekerja.
Besarnya dapat dituliskan sebagai:
c e 2c r sin f (4.10)
Kurva pada gambar di halaman berikut ditunjukkan variasi free contact angle
dan endplay terhadap diametral clearance ratio.
Dengan mengeliminasi free contact angle dalam pers. (4-9) dan (4-10)
diperoleh hubungan antara free endplay dan diametral clearance sebagai
berikut :
1
c d 2c r (2c r ) c 2 2
e
2
ce 4c r c d c d2
Training on Bearing and Lubrication 17
Bab IV Rolling-Element Bearing
Cylindrical roller
Spherical roller
(fully crowned) t 2rc
(partially crowned)
Untuk cylindrical roller, rr/d 100 dan untuk spherical bearing, rr/d 4.
Training on Bearing and Lubrication 19
Bab IV Rolling-Element Bearing
r
Race conformity : Rr
2r r
Contact angle,
cd
cos 1 1
cos d
2ro
Free endplay,
Bearing Reliability, R
L
1.17
R exp (4.14)
6.84 L10
Contoh soal :
Dibutuhkan sebuah bantalan yang mampu bertahan selama 1800
jam dengan R=99% . Berapakah L10 dari bantalan tersebut?
Jawab :
1800 1.17
0.99 exp
6.84 L10
18001.17 678.66
0.010050
6.84 (L10 )
1.17 1.17
(L10 )1.17
678,66
L10 1.17 L10 13420 jam
0,010050
P X Pr Y Pa (4.15)
yang mana
X = radial factor (tabel 4.9) Pr = radial load component
Y = thrust factors (tabel 4.9) Pa = thrust load component
Tabel 4.9 Radial and axial factor for dynamic load (sambungan)
6 a
10 C di mana nb putaran operasi [rpm]
L10 (4.17)
60n b P
Contoh soal :
Sebuah bantalan tipe deep-groove 6304 ball bearing memiliki dynamic load rating
sebesar 15900 N. Bantalan menerima beban radial sebesar 4000 N dan beban
aksial sebesar 2000 N. Putaran operasi adalah 3000 rpm. Hitunglah umur bantalan
dengan reliability bantalan sebesar 90%?
Jawab :
Dari tabel 4.6 untuk bantalan 6304 diperoleh C0 = 7800 N. Sehingga diperoleh
Pa 2000 Pa 2000
0.256 dan 0.5
C 0 7800 Pr 4000
Dari tabel 4.9 diperoleh e = 0.37, dan karena (Pa/Pr) = 0.5 > 0.37 maka
diperoleh nilai X=0.56 dan nilai Y=1.2 ; sehingga equivalent dynamic load
menjadi :
LD n D 1
a
1
CR P (4.16)
LR n R 6.84 ln R
1
1 1.17 a
di mana
Contoh soal :
Hitunglah dynamic load rating menurut TEJ dari bantalan pada contoh sebelum-
nya bila diinginkan bantalan tersebut mempunyai umur L10 = 1200 jam pada
putaran 600 rpm dan reliability sebesar 99%!
Jawab :
Dengan menggunakan pers. (4.16), maka diperoleh :
1200 600 1 3
1
CR 4640
3000 500 6.84
1
ln 1
0.99
1.17 ( 3 )
C R 4640 0.07018 3.70834N
1
3
C R 4640(1.52962)N
C R 7097.5N
Performance
Application
Geometry
Safety
Environment
Application Safety
Speed Space Temperature
Available
Machine Service Life
Applied Type Humidity
Loads Tolerances Running hrs/day
required
Pollution
Accessibillity
Shock Maintenance
Misaligment Foreign Mater
Acceptable
Failure
Vibration
Frequency
Availability
Lubrication Friction
Required Recommended
Fits
Standardization
Reliability
Manner of
Failure
Alignment
For rigid-type bearing, calculate the shaft and housing slope due to load
deflection.
Determine the errors of housing misalignment due to tolerance build-up.
Ensure that the total misalignment does not exceed the following values
Seatings
The following fits should be used to avoid load-induced creep of the bearing rings on
their seatings.
Bearing taking purely axial loads may be made a sliding fit on both rings as there is
no applied creep-inducing load.
Seatings (cont’d)
1. Check that the seating radius is small enough to clear the bearing, see
figure.
2. Values for maximum fillet radii are given in the bearing manufacturers’
catalogues.
Incorrect Correct
2. Bearing Mounting
a. Two deep groove radial ball bearings
d. Two roller bearings with ‘loc’ location pattern ball bearing which
has reduced OD so that it does not take radial loads
g. Vertical mounting for 2 roller bearings and one duplex location pattern
bearing, which has reduced OD so that it does not take radial loads.
j. Sealing arrangements.
Sealing arrangement Description
3. Bearing Fitting
a. Ensure cleanliness of all components and working areas in order to avoid
contamination of the bearing and damage to the highly finished tracks and rolling
elements.
b. Check that the bearing seating are to the design specification, and that the correct
bearings and grades of clearance are used.
c. Never impose axial load through the rolling elements when pressing a bearing on to
its seating- apply pressure through the race that is being fitted, see figure. The same
principle apply when extracting bearing from its seating.
d. When shrink-fitting bearing on their seatings, never heat the bearing above
120oC and always ensure the bearing firmly against its abutment when it has
cooled down.
e. Where bearing adjustment has to be carried out, ensure that the bearing are
not excessively preloaded against each other. Ideally, angular contact bearing
should have just a small amount of preload in the operating conditions, so it is
sometimes necessary to start off with a degree of end float to allow for relative
thermal expansion.
f. Ensure that the bearing are correctly lubricated. Too much lubricant causes
churning, overheating and rapid oxidation and loss of lubrication effectiveness.
Too little lubricant in the bearing will cause premature failure due to dryness.
References
1) J.E. Shigley, C.R. Mischke, “Mechanical Engineering Design”, McGraw-Hill, 5 th
edition, 1989.
2) R.C. Juvinall, K.M. Marshek, “Fundementals of Machine Component Design”,
John Wiley & Sons, 2nd edition, 1991.
3) Bharat Bhusan, B.K. Gupta, “Handbook of Tribology”, McGraw-Hill, 1 st edition,
1991.
4) M.J. Neale, “Bearing: A Tribology Handbook”, Butterorth-Heinemann, 1995.