Dwi Susiloningrum
Chromatography
(Kromatografi)
Bahasa Yunani
“Chroma” “Graphein”
(Warna) (menulis)
Percobaan M.S. Tswett
Kromatografi adsorpsi
(adsorption chromatography)
Kromatografi Partisi
(partition chromatography)
GAS SFC L IQ U ID
GSC GLC C o lu m n P la n a r
NP RP IE C SEC T LC Paper
GPC GFC
GSC: Gas Solid Chromatography; GLC: Gas Liquid Chromatography
SFC: Supercritical Fluid Chromatography; NP: Normal Phase; RP: Reversed
Phase; IEC: Ion-Exchange; SEC: Size Exclusion Chromatography, GPC: Gel
Permeation Chromatography, GFC: Gel Filtration Chromatography
The most frequently used technique
HPLC
High Performance
HP High Pressure
L Liquid
Cairan sebagai Fase gerak
Chromatography
C Teknik Pemisahan
HPLC = KCKT
Dikembangkan pada awal 1970-an
Dewasa ini merupakan teknik paling banyak digunakan untuk
pemisahan dan analisis dari berbagai bidang seperti farmasi,
bioteknologi, lingkungan, polimer dan makanan.
Merupakan “method of choice for the analysis of a wide variety
compounds”
APLIKASI HPLC BIDANG FARMASI
Analisis
Analisis Kualitatif
Kualitatif
Manfaat
Manfaat
Analisis
HPLC
HPLC
Analisis Kuantitatif
Kuantitatif
di
di bidang
bidang
Farmasi
Farmasi
Preparatif
Preparatif
PENGGUNAAN HPLC
IE
Reversed Ion
HILIC Phase Exchange
RP
Acetonitrile
THF
Elusi gradien
% Solven B
Elusi Isokratik
Waktu (menit)
GRADIENT ANALYSIS
Advantages:
Better suited for complex samples
Better resolution of early and late eluting peaks
Better sensitivity of late eluting peaks
Higher peak capacity (fit more peaks in the chromatogram)
Disadvantages
More complex HPLC instrument
Method development, implementation and transfer are more
difficult
Typically longer analysis times since column must be calibrated
with initial mobile phase
PEMISAHAN KROMATOGRAFI CAIR
CHROMATOGRAM
tR-B
Respon Detektor
tR-A
Peak A Peak B
height
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Waktu (menit) width
Area =
width x height
2
Chromatographic retention times are characteristics of the compounds
they represent but are not unique
CHROMATOGRAM AND ITS USES
parameter kuantitatif
tR-2
Tinggi puncak (Peak height)
parameter kuantitatif
waktu
Width = lebar puncak
a b
TAILING FACTOR (USP)
tR tM
k 'A
tM
Selectivity is an indication
V0
V1 of the degree of separation
V2 between two peaks.
k' 2 V2 V0
Selectivity =
k'1 V1 V0
FAKTOR SELEKTIVITAS
Faktorselektivitas= Selectivity Factor () = k’B /k’A
Merupakan ukuran atau selektivitas pemisahan dua
komponen
Harga > 1 berarti dua puncak terpisah
k ' B (t R ) B t M
k ' A (t R ) A t M
RESOLUSI (RS)
2
tR
N 16
W
2
t
N 5.54 R
W0.5
Krom kolom
K
L
T
N = 5.54 (tr /Wl/2)2
WA WB
Peak B:
Peak A:
•Narrow band;
•Broad band; •Narrow peak;
•Broad peak;
•Greater peak height;
•Less sensitivity;
•Increased sensitivity
•Less resolution capacity
•More resolution capability
•Less Plates
•More Plates
HUBUNGAN RESOLUSI DENGAN N
Temperatur
HUKUM VAN DEEMTER
H = A + B/ + C.
A = 2 dp
B/u = 2DM/u
CS = fS(k’)df2 / DS
CM = fM(k’)dp2 / DM
Parameter SST
Capacity Factor ( k' )
Precision/Injection Repeatability (RSD)
Relative Retention (α)
Resolution ( Rs )
Tailing Factor ( T )
Theoretical Plate Number ( N )
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SYSTEM SUITABILITY
PARAMETERS
Capacity Factors ( k' )
k' = ( tR-t0 ) / t0
k' >2
Precision/Injection Repeatability ( RSD )
n≧5
RSD≦ 1%
Relative Retention (α )
α = k'1 / k'2
Resolution ( Rs )
Tailing Factor ( T )
T = W x / 2f
T≦ 2
Theoretical Plate Number ( N )
N = 16 ( tR / tW )2 = L / H N >2000
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