Fungsi

Protein dalam
1.
Sel Disusun Oleh :
Desti Karmila Sari
2. Elly Noperda
3. Nabilah Putri Rizqi
4. Puput Oktarina
5. Sri Ismawati
 Table of contents

01 02 03
Definisi Protein Ciri-ciri Protein Klasifikasi
Protein

04 05
Struktur Protein Fungsi Protein
 DEFINISI
•
PROTEIN
Protein berasal dari kata Yunani Proteos, yang berarti yang utama
atau yang didahulukan. Kata ini diperkenalkan oleh ahli kimia
Belanda, Gerardus Mulder (1802-1880), karena ia berpendapat
bahwa protein adalah zat yang paling penting dalam setiap
organisme.
• Protein adalah adalah senyawa organik kompleks yang
mempunyai bobot molekul tinggi yang merupakan polimer dari
monomer-monomer asam amino yang dihubungkan satu sama lain
dengan ikatan peptida
 CIRI-CIRI PROTEIN
1. Berat molekulnya besar, ribuan sampai jutaan, sehingga merupakan suatu
makromolekul.
2. Susunan kimia yang khas, Setiap protein individual merupakan senyawa murni
3. Umumnya terdiri atas 20 macam asam amino.
4. Terdapatnya ikatan kimia lain, yang menyebabkan terbentuknya lengkungan-
lengkungan rantai polipeptida menjadi struktur tiga dimensi protein.
5. Strukturnya tidak stabil terhadap beberapa faktor seperti ph, radiasi,
temperatur, medium pelarut organik, dan deterjen.
6. Umumya reaktif dan sangat spesifik, disebabkan terdapatnya gugus samping
yang reaktif dan susunan khas struktur makromolekulnya.
 KLASIFIKASI PROTEIN
Berdasarkan bentuk dan fisik

Protein Globular
Contoh : enzim, hormon dan protein darah, insulin, albumin, globulin plasma, kasein
dan banyak ensim..
Protein Serabut
Berfungsi sebagai pembentuk struktur.
Contoh : kolagen, miosin, fibrin, gluten, elastin dan keratin pada rambut, kuku, dan
kulit.
 KLASIFIKASI PROTEIN
Berdasarkan kelarutannya

- Protein Albumin
Contoh : albumin telur dan albumin serum.

- Protein Globulin
Contoh : Glutenin (gandum), orizenin (padi).
- Protein Prolamin
Contoh : Gliadin/gandum, zein/jagung.

- Protein Histon
Contoh : globulin serum dan globulin telur

- Protein
Skleroprotein
- Protein Protamin
 KLASIFIKASI PROTEIN
Berdasarkan kandungan senyawa bukan hanya protein

- Fosfoprotein(Contoh : kasein pada susu, vitelin pada kuning telur.)

- Kromoprotein (Contoh : asam askorbat oksidase mengandung Cu.)
- Protein Koenzim (Contoh : NAD+, FMN, FAD dan NADP+)
- Lipoprotein(Contoh : lesitin)
- Metaloprotein(Contoh : Fe, Co, Mn, Zn, Cu, Mg)
- Protein Protamin(Contoh : misalnya musin (pada air liur), oskomukoid (pada tulang))
- Nukleoprotein
 KLASIFIKASI PROTEIN
Berdasarkan pada fungsi biologisnya

Protein Enzimatik
Berfungsi sebagai biokatalisator reaksi kimia dalam jasad hidup.
Contoh : ribonuklease (enzim yang mengkatalisis hidrolisis RNA), sitokrom (berperan
dalam proses pemindahan electron)
Protein Pembangun
Berfungsi sebagai pembentuk struktur.
Contoh : glikoprotein (penunjang struktur dinding sel), α-keratin (terdapat dalam kulit,
rambut), kolagen (serabut dalam jaringan penyambung), mukoprotein (sekresi
mukosa/lender)
Protein Kontraktil dan Motorik
Berperan dalam proses gerak.
Contoh : myosin (filament tak bergerak dalam miofibril), aktin (filament yang  bergerak
miofibril), dinein (dalam rambut getar dan flagel).
Lanjutan..

KLASIFIKASI PROTEIN
Berdasarkan pada fungsi biologisnya

Protein
Pengangkut/Transpor
Berfungsi untuk mengikat molekul tertentu dan melakukan  pengangkutan melalui aliran
darah.
Contoh : hemoglobin (alat pengangkut oksigen dalam darah), mioglobin (pengangkut
oksigen dalam otot)
Protein Hormon
Berfungsi untuk mengkoordinasi aktivitas organisme.
Contoh : insulin (mengatur metabolisme glukosa), adrenokortikotrop (mengatur sintesis
kortikosteroid).
Protein Pelindung/Pertahanan
Berperan dalam perlindungan dari penyakit.
Contoh : antibodi (terbentuk jika ada antigen), fibrinogen (sumber pembentuk fibrin
dalam pembekuan darah), trombin (komponen dalam pembekuan darah).
Lanjutan..

KLASIFIKASI PROTEIN
Berdasarkan pada fungsi biologisnya

Protein
Cadangan/Simpanan
Disimpan untuk berbagai proses metabolisme dalam tubuh.
Contoh : ovalbumin (protein pada putih telur), kasein (protein susu), feritin (cadangan
besi dalam limfa).
 STRUKTUR PROTEIN
1. Struktur Primer 2. Struktur
Sekunder
 STRUKTUR PROTEIN
3. Struktur Tersier 4. Struktur
Kwatener
FUNGSI PROTEIN DALAM SEL
Secara umum fungsi protein antara lain :
 FUNGSI PROTEIN
DALAM SEL
1. Katalis Enzimatik
Semua reaksi dalam sistem biologis dikatalisis oleh protein yang disebut enzim. Protein
memegang peranan yang unik dalam menentukan pola transformasi kimia. Kemampuan katalitik
protein disebabkan oleh kapasitasnya untuk mengikat molekul substrat dengan orientasi yang
tepat serta memantapkan status transisi dalam pembentukan dan pemutusan ikatan kimia. Enzim
mempunyai daya katalitik yang besar, umumnya meningkatkan kecepatan reaksi sampai jutaan
kali. Transformasi kimiawi in vivo sukar berlangsung tanpa kehadiran enzim. Ribuan enzim telah
diketahui sifatnya dan banyak diantaranya telah dapat dikristalisasi. Fakta menunjukkan bahwa
hampir semua enzim yang dikenal adalah protein. Jadi protein merupakan pusat dalam
menentukan pola transformasi kimia dalam sistem biologis
 FUNGSI PROTEIN
DALAM SEL
2. Transpor dan Penyimpanan
Berbagai molekul kecil dan ion ditranspor oleh protein spesifik. Misalnya transpor oksigen dalam
eritrosit oleh hemoglobin; dan mioglobin suatu protein sejenis mentransport oksigen dalam otot.
Besi dalam plasma darah terikat pada transferin dan disimpan dalam hati dalam bentuk kompleks
dengan feritin, dll.

2. Koordinasi Gerak
Gerakan yang terkoordinasi sangat penting dalam kehidupan tiga sistem motilitas eukariotik yang
digerakkan oleh ATP. Pada eukariot yang lebih tinggi, konraksi otot terjadi melalui pergeseran
filamen miosin dan aktin yang saling menyela. Memang sebagian besar sel eukariot, mulai dari
ragi sampai manusia, mampu bergerak aktif karena interaksi aktin-miosin ini. Sentakan silia dan
flagella tergantung pada kerja sama sepasang protein lain - dinein dan tubulin
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Mars
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Venus
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Jupiter
Jupiter is the biggest planet in
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