A.teori Dasar Vib-By DianPro

TEORI DASAR VIBRASI
PT.DIAN PRO
TRAINING & TECHNICAL
SERVICES
COMPANY NAME : PT.DIAN PRO
ADDRESS :RUKO METRO E 1 no 5 cilegon

ESTABLISHED : PT. DIAN PRO
as per Notary : Sri Okiwati SH
Akta no : no 08/March 11,2013
NPWP NUMBER : 31.728.234.1-417.000
SCOPE OF ACTIVITIES: Training & Technical Services
1
PT.DIAN PRO
TRAINING & TECHNICAL SERVICES
Getaran
Gerak bolak balik di sekitar titik setimbang yang

periodik disebabkan adanya gaya pemulih
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Penjalaran Gelombang
dalam Satu Dimensi
Fungsi Gelombang :
y  f ( x  vt ) Menjalar ke kanan
y  f ( x  vt ) Menjalar ke kiri
dx
Cepat-rambat Gelombang (Kecepatan Fasa) : v
dt
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Superposisi dan Interferensi Gelombang

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Interferensi adalah interaksi antar gelombang di dalam suatu daerah. Interferensi
dapat bersifat membangun dan merusak. Bersifat membangun jika beda fase kedua
gelombang sama dengan nol, sehingga gelombang baru yang terbentuk adalah
penjumlahan dari kedua gelombang tersebut. Bersifat merusak jika beda fasenya
adalah 180 derajat, sehingga kedua gelombang saling menghilangkan.
Animasi dari interferensi dua buah gelombang yang

saling bertemu satu sama lain
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Gelombang Bunyi
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 v   LT 1
Tegangan dawai
F
Cepat-rambat Gelombang di dalamDawai v  F   MLT 2
Massa dawai persatuan panjang     ML1
Refleksi dan Transmisi Gelombang

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Rambatan gelombang dari medium kurang rapat

ke medium yang lebih rapat
Rambatan gelombang dari medium lebih rapat

ke medium yang kurang rapat
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Efek Doppler
bila sumber bunyi dan pengamat saling bergerak relative
satu terhadap lainnya (mendekati atau menjauhi) maka
frekuensi yang diterima pengamat tidak sama dengan
frekuensi yang dipacarkan oleh sumber.
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INSTRUKTUR : IR.HERRY PURNOMO.SE,MEng

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Vibration is a "back and forth" movement of a structure.

It can also be referred to as a "cyclical" movement
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What Is Vibration Caused By ?

Imperfections in the Machine:
What Are Some Common Machine Problems?

That Generate Mechanical Vibration:
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F = 1/T
T = The period of the wave
F = The Frequency of the wave

where d = instantaneous displacement,
D = maximum, or peak,
Displacement = angular frequency, = 2f
t = time

where v = instantaneous velocity

where a = instantaneous acceleration
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Displacement, Velocity and Acceleration
English Units: Metric Units:

Displacement = mils Displacement = um
Velocity = in/sec Velocity = mm/sec
Acceleration = g's Acceleration = g's
Frequency = cycles/min Frequency = cycles/min
Displacement = (19,231 x V) / F Displacement = (19,231 x V) / F
Velocity = 0.000052 x D x F Velocity = 0.000052 x D x F
Acceleration = 0.00027 x V x F Acceleration = 0.0000107 x V x F
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Example #1:
A Bearing Vibrates 100 Mils Pk-Pk @ 30 cpm
Displacement @ 1x rpm = 100 mils Displacement @ 1x rpm = 2540 um

V = 0.000052 x 100 mils x 30 cpm V = 0.000052 x 2540 um x 30 cpm
V = 0.16 ips V = 4 mm/sec
A = 0.00027 x 0.16 x 30 A = 0.0000107 x 4 x 30
A = 0.0013 g's A = 0.0013 g's
Example #2:
A Bearing Vibrates 10 Mils Pk-Pk At 1000 cpm
Displacement @ 1x rpm = 10 mils Displacement @ 1x rpm = 250 um
V = 0.000052 x 10 mils x 1000 cpm V = 0.000052 x 250 um x 1000 cpm
V = 0.52 ips V = 13 mm/sec
A = 0.00027 x 0.52 x 1000 A = 0.0000107 x 13 x 1000
A = 0.14 g's A = 0.14 g's
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Example #3:
A Bearing Vibrates 3 Mils Pk-Pk At 9,000 cpm

Displacement @ 9,000 cpm = 3 mils Displacement @ 9,000 cpm = 75 um
V = 0.000052 x 3 mils x 9,000 cpm V = 0.000052 x 75 um x 9,000 cpm
V = 1.404 ips V = 35.1 mm/sec
A = 0.00027 x 1.404 x 9,000 A = 0.0000107 x 35.1 x 9,000
A = 3.41 g's A = 3.41 g's
Example #4:
A High Speed Compressor Rotor Shaft
Vibrates 0.003 Mils Pk-Pk At 1,080,000 cpm
Displacement @ 1,080,000 cpm = 0.003 mils Displacement @ 1,080,000 cpm = 0.077 um
(3 millionths of an inch) (7.7 millionths of a centimeter)
V = 0.000052 x 0.003 mils x 1,080,000 cpm V = 0.000052 x 0.077 um x 1,080,000 cpm
V = 0.17 ips V = 4.32 mm/sec
A = 0.00027 x 0.17 x 1,080,000 A = 0.0000107 x 4.33 x 1,080,000
A = 50 g's A = 50 g's
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Vibration Amplitude Measurement

The following definitions apply to the measurement of mechanical vibration amplitude.

Root Mean Square Amplitude (RMS) is the square root of the average of the
squared values of the waveform. In the case of the sine wave, the RMS value is
0.707 times the peak value
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Frequency Analysis
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Max Frequency (Fmax)

Spectrum Resolution = Fmax = # Lines / Time Sample
# of Lines of Resolution
Fmax [Hertz] = 800 / 0.1 seconds = 8000 Hz
Lines of Resolution: 200, 400, 800,1600, Fmax [CPM] = 8,000 Hz x 60 = 480,000 cpm
3200, 6400, 12800
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The Raw Signal
The Actual Signals

Used To Generate
The Resulting FFT

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1x rpm w/ amplitude of 1.8

(pk-pk), '+' peak on y-axis
(pk-pk)
(pk-pk), '-' peak on y-axis
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Examples of some wave forms and their spectra
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Modulation Effects
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Beats

'
Linear Amplitude
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Scaling
Amplitude Scales
Logarithmic Amplitude Scaling

The Decibel
The decibel (dB) is defined by the following expression:

where: LdB = The signal level in dB
L1 = Vibration level in Acceleration, Velocity, or Displacement
Lref = Reference level, equivalent to 0 dB
The vibration velocity level in dB is abbreviated VdB, and is defined as:

or

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ISO 10816-3
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The same information is shown graphically below:

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VIBRATION TRANSDUCERS
The Velocity Probe

The Proximity Probe

Velocity Transducer
The Accelerometer

Piezo-Electric Accelerometer
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Konfigurasi daripada meteran tingkat getaran

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The FFT Analyzer

Analog to Digital Conversion
The first step in performing an FFT analysis is the actual sampling
process, which is illustrated here:
Analog to Digital
Conversion
Aliasing
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Leakage Windowing for Transient Signals
The Hanning Window

Windows

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Overlap Processing
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The Picket Fence Effect

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TEORI DASAR VIBRASI

ADDRESS :RUKO METRO E 1 no 5 cilegon

NPWP NUMBER : 31.728.234.1-417.000

SCOPE OF ACTIVITIES: Training & Technical Services

Gerak bolak balik di sekitar titik setimbang yang

Superposisi dan Interferensi Gelombang

Superposisi dan Interferensi Gelombang

Superposisi dan Interferensi Gelombang

Animasi dari interferensi dua buah gelombang yang

Refleksi dan Transmisi Gelombang

Rambatan gelombang dari medium kurang rapat

Rambatan gelombang dari medium lebih rapat

INSTRUKTUR : IR.HERRY PURNOMO.SE,MEng

INSTRUKTUR : IR.HERRY PURNOMO.SE,MEng

INSTRUKTUR : IR.HERRY PURNOMO.SE,MEng

Vibration is a "back and forth" movement of a structure.

What Is Vibration Caused By ?

What Are Some Common Machine Problems?

T = The period of the wave

F = The Frequency of the wave

Displacement, Velocity and Acceleration

English Units: Metric Units:

Displacement @ 1x rpm = 100 mils Displacement @ 1x rpm = 2540 um

A Bearing Vibrates 3 Mils Pk-Pk At 9,000 cpm

Vibration Amplitude Measurement

Max Frequency (Fmax)

The Raw Signal

The Actual Signals

The Resulting FFT

1x rpm w/ amplitude of 1.8

The vibration velocity level in dB is abbreviated VdB, and is defined as:

The same information is shown graphically below:

The Velocity Probe

Konfigurasi daripada meteran tingkat getaran

The FFT Analyzer

Leakage Windowing for Transient Signals

The Hanning Window

The Picket Fence Effect

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