• A “SECONDARY MESSENGER”
• ATP 3’,5’- cAMP + PPi (ADENYLATE CYCLASE)
• cAMP + H2O AMP (PHOSPHODIESTERASE)
• REQUIRED FOR ACTIVITY OF PROTEIN KINASE A
– ALSO KNOWN AS cAMP-DEPENDENT PKA, OR cAPK
• cAPK PHOSPHORYLATES SPECIFIC Ser AND/OR Thr
– PHOSPHORYLASE b KINASE
– GLYCOGEN SYNTHASE
• cAMP PHYSIOLOGIC EFFECTS MEDIATED BY
– ACTIVATION OF SPECIFIC PROTEIN KINASES
HORMONAL INFLUENCES ON
METABOLISM
• EPINEPHRINE
– CYCLIC AMP AS SECONDARY MESSENGER
• GLUCAGON
– CYCLIC AMP AS SECONDARY MESSENGER
• INSULIN
CYCLIC AMP
• Hormon Adrenokortotropik
• Hormon TSH
• Hormon Gonadotropin
• Hormon Antidiuretik
• Hormon paratiroid
• Hormon Glukagon
• Hormon Epineprin
• Hormon Hipotalamus Releasing Faktor
Hormon Insulin dan Glukagon
RATES OF GLYCOGENOLYSIS
– G-6-PHOSPHATASE IN LIVER
• G-6-PHOSPHATE GLUCOSE + Pi
RATES OF GLYCOGEN SYNTHESIS
RATE OF GLYCOLYSIS IN LIVER
– CONSERVE GLUCOSE FOR OTHER ORGANS
RATES OF GLUCONEOGENESIS
– GENERATES GLUCOSE FOR RELEASE TO BLOOD
RATES OF FATTY ACID SYNTHESIS
– FAT BECOMES ENERGY SOURCE TO PRESERVE
BLOOD GLUCOSE LEVELS
Efek Steroid pada Gen
Efek steroid pada gen yg mengakibatkan sintesa protein dengan
mekanisme sbb :
• Hormon steroid masuk dlm sitoplasma berikatan dg reseptor spesifik
protein
• Senyawa tsb berdifusi kedlm inti sel
• Dlm perjalanannya protein reseptor diubah menjadi protein dg BM
rendah
• Protein dg BM rendah dan hormon bergabung utk mengaktifkan gen
spesifik utk membentuk mRNA (Contoh hormon aldosteron
menstimulir pembentukan protein dlm tubula ginjal)
Hormon Pertumbuhan (GH)