PENGANTAR MATA KULIAH

PENGETAHUAN KEBENCANAAN
DAN LINGKUNGAN

MKS 106
Program Sarjana
Universitas Syiah Kuala
Pembelajaran dari tsunami 2004

HFA, UU 24/2007, FPT-PRB, Unsyiah

 Efforts @Syiah Kuala University
Disaster Mandatory
TDMRC
Content Subject in DRM

Tsunami
Graduate Doctoral
UAR+ Program in DS
Program in DS

Knowledge Knowledge Knowledge

Internalization Transmission Creation
Establishment of TDMRC √ √ √
Graduate Programs in DS √ √ √
Mandatory subject/ √ √
course in disaster risk
management
Training/Outreach √ √
Disaster Corner √
PILIHAN AKSI (PADA MASA DARURAT)
DIPENGARUHI OLEH PENGETAHUAN
 26 Desember 2004
Local wisdom, 1907 -
Song “NANDONG”
•Smong dumek-dumekmo >220.000 people killed
(Tsunami air mandi mu).
Tsunami is your bathing water

•Linon uwak-uwakmo (gempa

ayunanmu).
EQ is your swings
•Elai kedang-kedangmo (petir
gendang-gendangmu).
< 5 people killed
Thunderstorm is your drums
•Kilek sulu-sulu mo (halilintar
lampu-lampu mu).
Flash of lighting is your lights
Kenapa pengetahuan
Smong tidak ditransmisikan
ke daratan?
Gempa 11 April 2012, Banda Aceh
Gempa 11 Maret 2011, Jepang

Picture provided by Katada Lab(Graduate School of Engineering, Gunma University)

A Miracle in Kamaishi City

(Kenzo Hiroki, 2013)

 Perubahan Paradigma

Diperlukan Kapasitas Pengetahuan

Undang-undang Nomor 24 Tahun 2007
• Pasal 2
– Penanggulangan bencana berlandaskan Pancasila dan Undang-
Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945.
• Pasal 3
– (1) Penanggulangan bencana sebagaimana dimaksud dalam
Pasal 2 berasaskan:
1) kemanusiaan;
2) keadilan;
3) kesamaan kedudukan dalam hukum dan pemerintahan;
4) keseimbangan, keselarasan, dan keserasian;
5) ketertiban dan kepastian hukum;
6) kebersamaan;
7) kelestarian lingkungan hidup; dan
8) ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi.
Musibah Vs Bencana
 Konsepsi PRB
Konsekuensi dari ketidakmampuan mengelola
ancaman atau disaster risk (R) :

R = H x V/C , di mana
H = Hazard: ancaman, kejadian berpotensi bencana
V = Vulnerability: kerentanan
C = Capacity: kapasitas

Pengurangan Risiko Bencana (PRB):

Upaya mengurangi R, dgn memperkecil V dan memperbesar C
Peran PT
Kerja Multidisiplin
PENGETAHUAN YANG BAGAIMANA?
 Knowledge Ladder
People’s resilience towards disaster is strongly related to the knowledge
that triggered informed decision or actions
Cara Hidup
ATTITUDE
RESILIENC
Kapasita
c it E
s SKILL Ta ACTIONS + right choice

Paham KNOWLEDGE + motivation

KNOWLEDGE know-how
on
KNOWLEDGE
c a ti
know-what
+ application
du
E
Int
er
t er
s
na
sa
Di
+ context
l iz
INFORMATION ati
n o

DATA + meaning
ic it
x pl
E Modified from (Klaus North, 2014)
Pengarusutamaan PLK
 Tantangan PT dalam PRB
1. Perubahan paradigma (mindset)
2. Kreasi dan penguasaan pengetahuan
3. Internalisasi Pengetahuan (Know-what
know-how)
4. Pengetahuan personal  pengetahuan
kolektif
5. Keberlanjutan (sustaining knowledge)
Ilmu, Ikhtiar, Tawakal
Kejadian Bencana di Indonesia
(1815-2015)

(DIBI, BNPB 2015)

Kejadian Bencana di Dunia
(1995-2015)

(Word Economic Forum, 2016)

 Urgensi Penguatan Pengetahuan
• Aceh is very prone to various
hazards
– Floods, landslides,
earthquakes, tsunami,
storms, etc
• Tsunami occurred in other parts
of Indonesia: (Balai Penelitian Dinamika Pantai, BPPT)

..., 1969, 1979, 1997. But in 2004,

most people in Aceh didn’t
know about Tsunami
• Scientific records indicate that
Aceh had been stricken by
repeating tsunamis in ancient
times

22
 Our Framework
People’s Resilience
In post-disaster, people should be strong enough to face the difficulties and be supportive to
“build back better” efforts, support each others.
During disaster, people should be able to think clearly, act based on informed decisions,
protect themselves and others
In pre-disaster, people should be willing to mainstream and integrate DRR issue in their
related activities

• DRR concept • Risk avoidance • Decision making

• Types of hazards • Evacuation • Religious Faith
• Mechanism of a procedures • Cooperation with
natural disaster • Survival skill others
• Past disasters • First aid • Caring others
DRR
• Function of • Other skills • Good citizenship
designated facilities H, V, C • Other values Knowledge
• Other information H, V, C
Know-What Know-How Action
Knowledge Skill Attitude
Lecture, books, Drills, excersice, Lecture, special
video, etc presentation activities, etc
Comprehensive Learning:
enable internalization, transfrom explicit  tacit
Towards Sustainable DRR Efforts
Cultural Regulatory Educational
Interventions Interventions Interventions
Interventions
Media

Sustainable DRR

Evaluation/Feedback
 SEKIAN
TERIMAKASIH

PENGANTAR MATA KULIAH PENGETAHUAN

KEBENCANAAN DAN LINGKUNGAN
MKS 106