BATUAN

METAMORF
SIKLUS BATUAN
 Dicirikan dengan Foliasi (Faliation),
kesan berlapis pada tektur kristalin
 META = perubahan; MORPHO = bentuk

 Batuan Metamorf = Batuan yang telah

mengalami perubahan bentuk dari
batuan beku, batuan sedimen, dan/atau
batuan metamorf
 Penyebab Metamorfisme
PERUBAHAN
Temperatur

Tekanan

Komposisi
 Perubahan dipengaruhi oleh :
 Temperatur – pertambahan PANAS
 Mineral menjadi tidak stabil

 Membentuk mineral baru (Kondisi Baru)

 Sumber Panas :
 Gradient Geothermal

 Peluruhan Radioaktif

 Magma Migrasi

 Tekanan
 Peningkatan Tekanan
Diagram Fase Andalusite, Sillimanite dan Kyanite
menunjukkan perubahan Al2SiO5
 Fluida Aktif
Perubahan komposisi kimia – Pelepasan
H20 dan CO2. Contoh : Calcite (CaCO3)
dan lempung [Al2Si2O5(OH)4] terurai
melepas H2O dan CO2. Larutan ini akan
mengendap pada Kondisi dan temperatur
yang sesuai (baru)
Metasomatisme : infiltrasi fluida asal luar,
terkait dengan magma intrusion →
Hydrotermal alteration
TIPE METAMORFISME
 Types of Metamorphism
 Contact metamorphism – metamorfisme terjadi
secara lokal pada batuan yang dekat dengan
magma chamber
 Regional metamorphism – tegasan skala besar dan
pemanasan batuan karena deep burial atau terkait
dengan kerak atau lempeng kontinen dan tubrukan
(colliding)
Asal Mula (Origin) Batuan Metamorf pada Batas Lempeng Konvergen
 Contact Metamorphism
 Adjacent to igneous intrusions
 Thermal (± metasomatic) effects of hot magma
intruding cooler shallow rocks
 Occurs over a wide range of pressures, including
very low
 Contact aureole
Regional Metamorphism
Metamorfisme yang terjadi pada tubuh batuan yang luas
dan meliputi pelamparan lateral yang luas

Tipe Utama :
 Orogenic metamorphism
 Tipe metamorfisme yang berasosiasi dengan convergent
plate margins
 Dynamo-thermal: episode orogenesa terkait dengan gradien
geotermal dan deformasi
 Karakteristik : Batuan terfoliasi
 Burial metamorphism
 The Types of Metamorphism
Orogenic
Metamorphism

Schematic model for the

sequential (a  c)
development of a
“Cordilleran-type” or
active continental margin
orogen. The dashed and
black layers on the right
represent the basaltic and
gabbroic layers of the
oceanic crust. From
Dewey and Bird (1970) J.
Geophys. Res., 75, 2625-
2647; and Miyashiro et al.
(1979) Orogeny. John
Wiley & Sons.
Asal Mula (Origin) Batuan Metamorf pada Batas Lempeng Konvergen
(a) Shallow fault
zone with fault
breccia
(b) Slightly deeper
fault zone (exposed
by erosion) with
some ductile flow
and fault mylonite

Schematic cross section

across fault zones. After
Mason (1978) Petrology of
the Metamorphic Rocks.
George Allen & Unwin.
London.
 MACAM-MACAM
BATUAN METAMORF
 Foliated Metamorphic Rocks
Slate: compact, very fine-
grained, metamorphic rock
with a well-developed
cleavage. Freshly cleaved
surfaces are dull

Phyllite: a rock with a

a
schistosity in which very fine
phyllosilicates
(sericite/phengite and/or
chlorite), although rarely b
coarse enough to see unaided,
impart a silky sheen to the
foliation surface. Phyllites
with both a foliation and
lineation are very common.

Examples of foliated metamorphic rocks. a. Slate. b. Phyllite. Note the difference in reflectance on
the foliation surfaces between a and b: phyllite is characterized by a satiny sheen. Winter (2001)
An Introduction to Igneous and Metamorphic Petrology. Prentice Hall.
SLATE
Spotted Phyllite. Winter (2001) An Introduction to Igneous and Metamorphic Petrology. Prentice
Hall.
Foliated Metamorphic Rocks

Schist: a metamorphic rock

exhibiting a schistosity. By
this definition schist is a
broad term, and slates and
phyllites are also types of
schists. In common usage,
schists are restricted to those
metamorphic rocks in which
the foliated minerals are
coarse enough to see easily in
hand specimen.

Garnet muscovite schist. Muscovite crystals are visible and silvery, garnets occur as large dark
porphyroblasts. Winter (2001) An Introduction to Igneous and Metamorphic Petrology. Prentice
Hall.
SCHIST
 Foliated Metamorphic Rocks
Gneiss: a metamorphic
rock displaying gneissose
structure. Gneisses are
typically layered (also
called banded), generally
with alternating felsic and
darker mineral layers.

Gneisses may also be

lineated, but must also
show segregations of
felsic-mineral-rich and
dark-mineral-rich
concentrations.

Quartzo-feldspathic gneiss with obvious layering. Winter (2001) An Introduction to Igneous and
Metamorphic Petrology. Prentice Hall.
GNEISS
Quartz sandstone Quartzite

Limestone Marble
High Strain Rocks
 High Strain Rocks

Figure 22-2. Schematic cross section through a shear zone, showing the vertical distribution of fault-related rock types, ranging
from non-cohesive gouge and breccia near the surface through progressively more cohesive and foliated rocks. Note that the width
of the shear zone increases with depth as the shear is distributed over a larger area and becomes more ductile. Circles on the right
represent microscopic views or textures. From Passchier and Trouw (1996) Microtectonics. Springer-Verlag. Berlin.
 High Strain Rocks

Figure 22-3. Terminology for high-strain shear-zone related rocks proposed by Wise et al. (1984)
Fault-related rocks: Suggestions for terminology. Geology, 12, 391-394.
 High Strain Rocks

Figure 22-4. Shatter cones in limestone from the Haughton Structure,

Zonasi Metamorfisme
disekitar Intrusi Granite
ZONASI MINERAL INDEK
(METAMORF REGIONAL)
FASIES METAMORFIK
 Akhir Kuliah
“Batuan Metamorf”
 Tugas
 Setelah anda mempelajari jenis batuan, seperti
Batuan Beku, Batuan Sedimen dan Batuan
Metamorf, maka silahkan anda membuat
penjelasan ringkas tentang perbedaan antara
batuan beku, sedimen dan metamorf sebagai tugas
kuliah.
 Tugas ditulis tangan, maksimal dua halaman (A4).
 Pengumpulan tugas adalah pada hari Selasa
tanggal 17 Oktober 2017.