TINDAKAN
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DEFINISI – PENYELIDIKAN PENDIDIKAN
Educational research may include any disciplined enquiry
which serves educational judgement and decisions or
which is conducted in educational settings.
This disciplined enquiry may draw on the
- methodologies of other social sciences disciplines, such as
sociology, psychology, philosophy or economics; or
- its methods and techniques may originate from an eclectic
view of how knowledge is best generated and utilised by
educational policy maker, educational managers and classroom
practitioners.
ESRC Postgraduate Training Guidelines (1991).
Economic and Social Research Council, UK.
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Penyelikan ke atas Pendidikan atau
Penyelidikan dalam Pendidikan
Research on Education or Research in Education
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APAKAH PENYELIDIKAN?
Bassey, 1995
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DEFINISI - PENYELIDIKAN
Inkuiri : inkuiri yang dilaksanakan bagi
tujuan yang dijelaskan
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Asas Kajian Tindakan
Origins of Action Research
observing (memerhati)
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KAJIAN TINDAKAN
Action research
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KAJIAN TINDAKAN
Action Research
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CIRI-CIRI KAJIAN TINDAKAN
Characteristics of Action Research
Mengkaji satu situasi sosial
Berfokuskan amalan praktikal, hasil daripada
keprihatinan/ kebimbangan profesional yang
timbul dari amalan sehari-hari
Menambahbaik kualiti dan amalan tindakan
Satu inkuiri yang berbentuk reflektif dan
penilaian yang menumpu kepada
pemahaman anda terhadap masalah dan
pemahaman orang lain terhadap masalah
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CIRI-CIRI KAJIAN TINDAKAN
Characteristics of Action Research
Dialog dan perbincangan adalah penting
Berbentuk kolaboratif dan partisipatori.
(Sesiapa yang mempunyai minat dalam
masalah yang dikaji boleh menyertai kajian
untuk mencari jalan penyelesaian)
Permasalahan, tujuan dan metodologi boleh
berubah apabila inkuiri dalam pelaksanaan
Pelbagai metode, teknik dan prosedur boleh
diguna untuk kajian tindakan
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Adakah amalan reflektif sama seperti
kajian tindakan?
Is Reflective Practice the same as Action Research?
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Action Research
Membuat inkuiri: tinjuan
Melaksana: mengambil literatur
tindakan Merenung: refleksi
Membuat intervensi: Berhati-hati: dakwaan yang
memudahcara sesuai
Bermotif: membawa Berdisiplin: masa untuk
perubahan refleksi dan menulis
Komited: proaktif Mencari bukti: rakaman video,
Bermotivasi: transkirp pita suara, refleksi
menambah baik amalan bertulis, perjumpaan rakan
sebaya sebagai validasi
Kesungguhan: berminat Sistematik: tidak ad-hoc, skala
pada topik kajian masa, mengikut prosedur
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Pengetahuan Peribadi
Personal Knowledge
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KITARAN KAJIAN TINDAKAN
‘Living Educational Theory’ cycles
(Whitehead, J.1989)
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KITARAN KAJIAN TINDAKAN
‘Living Educational Theory’ cycles
(Whitehead, J.1989)
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Model Kemmis
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MODEL KAJIAN TINDAKAN ELLIOTT
ELLIOTT’S MODEL OF ACTION RESEARCH
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KAJIAN TINDAKAN:
CELIK AKAL
Action-research might be defined as “the study of a social situation
with a view to improving the quality of action within it.”
It aims to feed practical judgment in concrete situations, and the
validity of the 'theories' or hypotheses it generates depends not so
much on 'scientific' tests of truth, as on their usefulness in helping
people to act more intelligently and skilfully.
In action-research 'theories' are not validated independently and
then applied to practice. They are validated through practice.
Elliott (1991a: 69)
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Using Action Research Cycles
Action Research should offer the capacity to deal with a number of problems
at the same time by allowing the spirals to develop spin-off spirals.
(Jean McNiff, 1988)
http://www.jeanmcniff.com
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KESAHIHAN KAJIAN TINDAKAN
Legitimation of action research within Academy
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KESAHAN
The meaning of validity?
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KRITERIA KESAHAN
Validity Criteria : Anderson, Herr and Nihlen (1995)
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KRITERIA KESAHAN
Validity Criteria : Anderson, Herr and Nihlen (1995)
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KRITIKAN REFLEKSIF
Reflexive critique
The principle of reflective critique ensures people reflect on issues and
processes and make explicit the interpretations, biases, assumptions
and concerns upon which judgements are made.
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KEPELBAGAIAN PANDANGAN
Plural Structure
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TEORI, AMALAN DAN
TRANSFORMASI
Theory, Practice and Transformation
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