ABDOMEN
PADA LAYANAN PRIMER
Peritonitis
Ileus Obstruksi/Paralitik
Appendisitis akut dan abses appendiks
Perdarahan saluran cerna
hernia (inguinal, femoral dan skrotal)
strangulata dan inkarserata
Trauma Abdomen
Dsb…
AKUT ABDOMEN ( TRAUMA= √ )
4P:
Perdarahan √
peradangan
Perforasi √
penyumbatan
TRAUMA ABDOMEN
• nyeri abdomen?
– lokasi nyeri = organ abdomen
– sadari bahwa lokasi nyeri abdomen terkadang
tidak sesuai dengan sumbernya
LOKASI NYERI ALIH
point penting :
anamnesa
pemeriksaan fisik
KARAKTERISTIK NYERI
• apakah nyeri bertahap (gradual) atau tiba tiba (sudden)?
– Gradual = peritoneal irrigation or hollow organ distension
– Sudden = perforation, hemorrhage, infarct
• apakah nyeri berupa menetap atau cramp/ kolik ?
– Steady pain - inflammatory process
– Crampy pain - obstructive process
• apakah nyeri berpindah / menjalar ketempat lain?
– Right shoulder, angle of right scapula = gall bladder,
liver, spleen
– Around flank to groin = kidney, ureter
AKUT ABDOMEN PADA TRAUMA ABDOMEN
TANDA DAN GEJALA
• Nyeri perut atau nyeri tekan (lokal/difus)
• Guarding
• Napas cepat dan dangkal
• Nyeri alih
• Nyeri lepas
• mual, muntah
• Distensi abdomen
• Konstipasi atau BAB berdarah
• takikardia
• Hipotensi
• Demam
TRAUMA TUSUK / TEMBUS ABDOMEN
ATLS
TRAUMA TUMPUL ABDOMEN
n FIGURE 5-4
Focused Assessment with Sonography
for Trauma (FAST).
In FAST, ultrasound technology is used to
detect the presence of hemoperitoneum.
USG FAST (Focused Assessment with Sonography for Trauma)
detect the presence of hemoperitoneum.
Thorax X ray (PA , erect )
detect the presence of pneumoperitoneum
( subdiafragma air)
X RAY THORAX PA - ERECT
Normal perforation
Figure 36.1 Free intraperitoneal gas Figure 36.2 Free intraperitoneal gas
under both hemidiaphragms (arrows) on (arrow) on a left lateral decubitus
an upright chest radiograph in patient abdominal radiograph.
with a perforated peptic ulcer Hamilton Bailey’s
Pelvic X ray
- detect the presence of pelvic fracture
CT Scan Abdominal
- detect the presence of hemoperitoneum.
- detect the presence of pneumoperitoneum
- detect the presence of Liver & Spleen injury
- detect the presence of Kidney injury
CT Scan Abdominal
- detect the presence of hemoperitoneum.
- detect the presence of pneumoperitoneum
- detect the presence of Liver & Spleen injury
- detect the presence of Kidney injury
PENATALAKSANAAN TRAUMA
TUMPUL ABDOMEN PADA
LAYANAN PRIMER
PENATALAKSANAAN TRAUMA TUMPUL ABDOMEN
PADA LAYANAN PRIMER
1.Prinsip ATLS
2.Sumber daya manusia (SDM)
3.Fasilitas yang tersedia
4.Pendanaan
5.Sistem Rujukan
ATLS
1.Gunakan APD
2.Primary survey
Airway with C spine control
Breath
Circulation
Disability
Exposure
3.Secondary survey
History (AMPLE)
Head to toe examination
Log roll patient
Laboratory
Radiology
4. Refer to Surgeon
PENATALAKSANAAN TRAUMA TUMPUL ABDOMEN
PADA LAYANAN PRIMER