Gambar 2.1 Mekanisme Katup.......................................... 4
Gambar 2.2 Katup............................................................. 5 Gambar 2.3 Dudukan katup ......................................... 6 Gambar 2.4 Pegas Katup...........................6 Gambar 2.5 Rocker arm.....................................................................7 Gambar 2.6 Camshaft.......8 Gambar 2.7 Cam/Bubungan................................9 Gambar 3.1 Klasifikasi material ......................11 Gambar 3.2. Cost .............................................................14 Gambar 4.1 Hirarki kebutuhan untuk camshaft ............................17 Gambar 4.2. Camshaft ..................................................19 Gambar. 4.3. Faktor bentuk shaft ..................................................22 Gambar. 4.4. Grafik kekuatan dan massa jenis shaft.....................................23 Gambar 4.5. Diagram Harga .........................................32 Gambar 4.6. Diagram Harga material per unit massa ...........................................34 Gambar.4.7. Persamaaan untuk menentukan cost/ biaya berdasarkan Fungsi, Tujuan dan batasan...........................39 Gambar 2.17 Gambaran Lanjutan Proses Tahap Propagasi .................................39 Gambar 2.18 Reaksi Pembentukan Nilon 66 ........................................................40 Gambar 2.19 Penggolongan Polimer berdasarkan Struktur ..................................42 Gambar 2.20 Plastik Polietilentereftalat (PET) .....................................................47 Gambar 2.21 Struktur Kimia Polietilena tereftalat (PET) .....................................47 Gambar 2.22 Plastik Polietilena HDPE dan LDPE ..............................................48 Gambar 2.23 Struktur Kimia Polietilena (PE) .....................................................49 Gambar 2.24 Polivinil Klorida (PVC) .................................................................52 Gambar 2.25 Plastik Nilon ...................................................................................56 Gambar 2.26 Polibutadiena stirena sebagai pembuatan ban mobil dan motor.....57 Gambar 2.27 Wol .................................................................................................63 Gambar 2.28 Kapas ..............................................................................................64 v