L
/
m
L
)
Kadar MDA
K-
K+
KBM1
KBM2
Gambar 4 Kadar MDA pada organ hati tikus
11
test kadar MDA organ hati kelompok K(-) dan K(+) memiliki perbedaan yang nyata (p<0.05).
Pemberian ekstrak dan mikroenkapsulat KBM menurunkan kadar MDA pada hati tikus. Kadar
MDA hati tikus kelompok KBM1 turun menjadi 0.0020 L/mL, KBM2 turun menjadi 0.0029
L/mL dan kelompok KBM3 turun menjadi 0.0022 L/mL. Uji anova yang dilakukan pada
kelompok KBM1, KBM2 dan KBM3 dibandingkan dengan K(+) menunjukkan adanya perbedaan
nyata (p<0.05). Minyak teroksidasi mengandung banyak radikal bebas, terutama hidroperoksida.
Konsumsi minyak sawit teroksidasi menurunkan kadar high density lipoprotein cholestrol (HDL),
meningkatkan kadar trigliserida dan low density lipoprotein cholestrol (LDL) (Leong et al. 2009;
Nurul-Iman et al. 2013). Hal tersebut menandakan bahwa konsumsi minyak sawit teroksidasi
memiliki efek negatif bagi kesehatan. Stres oksidatif di hati merupakan konsekuensi dari
peningkatan produksi, konsumsi radikal bebas minyak teroksidasi dan penurunan kapasitas sistem
pertahanan antioksidan dalam hepatosit. Meningkatnya kadar radikal bebas yang tidak diimbangi
dengan proses degradasinya menciptakan kondisi stres oksidatif. Stres oksidatif menyebabkan
peningkatan modifikasi oksidatif biomolekul, karena itu stres oksidatif memiliki kaitan kuat
dengan mekanisme patogenesis beberapa penyakit, seperti aterosklerosis, kanker, diabetes melitus,
gagal jantung, hipertensi, penyakit inflamasi, obesitas serta proses penuaan. Stres oksidatif dapat
mengubah morfologi mitokondria sehingga menyebabkan disfungsi mitokondria. Perubahan
(kerusakan mitokondria) menurunkan produksi adenosine triphosphate (ATP) yang menyebabkan
apoptopsis sel dan penurunan bioavaibilitas nitric oxide (NO) (Ren et. Al. 2010). NO menghasilkan
vasodilatasi dan poten antiatherogenik, seperti penghambatan agregasi platelet, pencegahan
proliferasi sel, penurunan peroksidasi lemak. (Landmesser dan Harrison 2001).
Bagian tubuh yang banyak dipelajari untuk mengkaji stres oksidatif adalah hati, karena
perannya dalam metabolisme produk endogen dan eksogen. Hati sediri merupakan organ internal
terbesar yang dimiliki vertebrata dan memiliki fungsi penting seperti metabolisme lemak dan
karbohidrat, sintesis protein dan asam empedu, penyimpanan vitamin A dan besi serta lemak. Hati
berperan penting dalam proses detoksifikasi senyawa racun dan xenobiotik. Peranan hati pada
metabolisme senyawa aromatik, obat-obatan, alkohol, hidrokarbon karsinogenik membuat
terbentuknya radikal bebas dalam jumlah besar. (Gomez, et al 2012). Peroksidasi lemak terjadi
sebagai akibat keberadaan radikal bebas. Peroksidasi lemak melalui tiga tahap, yaitu inisiasi,
propagasi dan terminasi. Tahap inisiasi meliputi abstraksi atom hidrogen oleh radikal bebas
seperti: hidroksil (-OH), alkoksil (RO-), peroksil (ROO-), dan mungkin HO2-. Fosfolipid yang
mengandung asam lemak tidak jenuh pada membran sel/lemak merupakan bagian yang mudah
mengalami peroksidasi. Hal ini disebabkan abstraksi dari grup metilen (CH2-), menyisakan satu
elektron tidak berpasangan. Ikatan ganda pada asam lemak melemahkan ikatan C-H disekitarnya,
dengan demikian memfasilitasi pengambilan H. Molekul lemak radikal (L-) dihasilkan saat OH
bereaksi dengan asam lemak tidak jenuh. Lemak radikal lalu bereaksi dengan molekul oksigen
membentuk radikal lemak peroksil (lipid peroxy radical LOO-). Keduanya mensekresikan reactive
oxygen spesies (ROS) radikal dan mengoksidasi lipoprotein. Oksidasi lipoprotein menstimulasi
pembentukan sel busa (foam cell) dan apoptosis sel endotelial, yang kemudian menyebabkan
pertumbuhan plak, erosi dan pemecahan. (Hulsman et. al. 2011). Cr 35944.
Peroksidasi lemak akan meningkatkan kadar radikal bebas dan ROS di dalam sel. Jaringan
adiposa rentan terhadap serangan radikal bebas. Jaringan adiposa terdiri dari adiposit yang
berfungsi sebagai tempat penyimpanan lemak dan sebagai jaringan endokrin yang mengatur
massa lemak dan homeostasis nutrisi, melepaskan mediator bioaktif, modulasi tekanan darah,
homeotasis, tekanan darah, metabolisme glukosa dan lemak. inflamasi, dan aterosklerosis. 35944
Adiposit mensekresikan adipokin, yang termasuk adiponektin, resistin, leptin, dan visfatin. Stres
12
oksidatif pada jaringan adiposa menyebabkan disregulasi sekresi mediator biaktif seperti
berkurangnya sekresi adiponektin (ApN). ApN mempunyai efek meningkatkan sensitifitas insulin,
anti-artherogenesis, anti-inflamasi dan menurunkan massa lemak. ApN yang rendah menurunkan
sensitivitas terhadap insulin yang merupakan indikator penyakit diabetes tipe 2, meningkatnya
inflamasi yang berperan dalam artherogenesis, serta akan menstimulus lipogenesis yang berperan
pada obesitas. Penurunan kadar ApN teramati pada pasien penderita penyakit jantung koroner,
obesitas dan diabetes. Peroksidasi lemak juga akan merusak sel hati dan menggagu kerja hati.
Kerusakan sel hati oleh serangan radikal bebas menyebabkan menurunnya peroxisome
proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) yang memiliki berperan penting dalam metabolisme
lemak dan homeostasis energi. PPARs terdiri dari PPAR yang berperan dalam penyimpanan
energi (lemak) dengan meningkatkan adipogenesis dan reaksi biokimia insulin sensitization,
PPAR dan PPAR/ berperan dalam pembentukan energi dengan mengaktivasi reaksi -oksidasi
mitokondria dan peroxisome. PPAR banyak terdapat pada hati tikus, menurunnya PPAR akan
menyebabkan reaksi -oksidasi asam lemak terhambat sehingga asam lemak terakumulasi pada
hati dan berujung pada steatosis hingga steatohepatitis. (Rao dan Reddy 2004). PPAR banyak
terdapat di jaringan adiposa yang merupakan potent terapi diabetes (tipe 2). Mutasi genetik PPAR
berkorelasi kuat pada resistensi insulin ekstrim dan hipertensi. (Barroso 1999).
Kadar radikal bebas yang tinggi menyebabkan stres oksidatif yang memiliki efek negatif
bagi kesehatan. Untuk mengurangi efek negatif akibat radikal bebas dibutuhkan antioksidan.
Antioksidan adalah senyawa yang mampu menghambat proses oksidasi substrat pada konsentrasi
rendah (Vaya dan Aviram 2001). Ekstrak dan mikroenkapsulat KBM berperan secara efektif
sebagai sumber antioksidan. Antioksidan dalam KBM mampu mendonorkan satu elektron pada
senyawa radikal bebas sehingga berubah menjadi senyawa yang tidak berbahaya yang dapat
dibuang secara aman. Hal ini juga akan diikuti dengan menurunnya peroksidasi lemak oleh radikal
bebas. Terlihat pada kelompok KBM1, KBM2 dan KBM3 yang mengalami penurunan kadar
MDA hati tikus. Rangkaian reaksi peroksidasi lemak yang terhenti mencegah kerusakan DNA
pada sel hati serta mencegah inflamasi dan fibrosis organ. Penelitian oleh William, Peta (1995)
menunjukkan hal serupa, ekstrak KBM mampu menghambat peroksidasi LDL pada percobaan
secara in vitro berdasarkan lagtime oksidasi dan produksi MDA. Radikal bebas yang diredam akan
menghentikan reaksi peroksidasi lemak yang sehingga menghentikan kerusakan sel dan organ
tubuh. Ekstrak air KBM memiliki kemampuan meredam radikal hidroksil dan menghambat
peroksidasi lemak yang lebih kuat dibandingkan ekstrak KBM menggunakan pelarut metanol dan
heksana. Kemampuan ini dipengaruhi kandungan senyawa polifenol larut air seperti tanin,
antosianin dan epikatekin. (Ngawhirunpat 2010;Zhao 2007). Kadar senyawa polifenol tersebut:
tanin 59.6 2.2 g TAE/100 g ekstrak, kadar antosianin 6.22 mg/g tepung, (Ngawhirumpat
2010;Widayanti 2009). Sedangkan senyawa xantone hanya sedikit terkandung dalam ekstrak air
KBM, yaitu sebesar 0.72mg/g tepung. Senyawa-senyawa polifenol tersebut umumnya memutus
rantai reaksi radikal bebas dengan berfungsi sebagai antioksidan primer. (Rahma 2006). Tanin,
antosianin dan epikatekin tidak hanya antioksidan kuat namun memiliki efek lain seperti: tanin
memiliki aktivitas dan memiliki efek anti-inflamasi (Souza et al 2006), antosianin memiliki efek
anti-inflamasi, neuroprotective, dan poten alagenik dan katekin memiliki efek anti-
artherosklerosis, mencegah oksidasi LDL dan anti-kanker. ( Korte et al. 2009;Weyant 2001).
Xantone juga merupakan antioksidan kuat yang memiliki efek anti-inflamasi dan anti-kanker,
(Orozco dan Failla 2013). Ekstak dan mikroenkapsulat KBM mampu menghentikan reaksi
berantai peroksidasi lemak dan radikal bebas di hati, jaringan adiposa dan sel sehingga kerusakan
13
akibat konsumsi minyak sawit teroksidasi dapat dicegah. Stres oksidatif pun dapat dicegah
sehingga tidak menggagu regulasi metabolisme tubuh.
SIMPULAN DAN SARAN
Ekstrak air KBM tergolong antioksidan kuat sedangkan mikroenkapsulat KBM tergolong
antioksidan sedang dengan nilai IC50 sebesar 44.704 ppm dan 102.896 ppm. Aplikasi teknologi
mikroenkapsulasi meningkatkan tingkat konsumsi pakan tikus perlakuan. Pemberian ekstrak dan
mikroenkapsulat KBM tidak menunjukkan perbedaan nyata pada berat badan tikus, berat hati
organ tikus. Pemberian ekstrak dan mikroenkapsulat KBM menurunkan secara nyata kadar MDA
pada hati tikus
Saran
Parameter uji kerusakan hati sebaiknya ditambah dengan melakukan analisis SGOT, SGPT,
SOD, GPx, dan Catalase untuk membuktikan keadaan stres oksidatif pada organ dan jaringan
adiposa. Selain itu konsentrasi pemberian mikroenkapsulat pada tikus harus diperbesar rentangnya
sehingga diketahui konsentrasi optimum KBM yang aman dan tetap memberikan efek yang
diharapkan.
14
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17
LAMPIRAN
Lampiran 1. Analisis Kapasitas Antioksidan (IC50)
SampelKBM
Konsentrasi
(ppm)
Kapasitas
Antioksidan(%)
IC50(ppm)
Rata-
rata
(ppm)
SD
U1 U2 U1 U2
Ekstrak1:10
50 54.829 56.231
44.497 45.025 44.761 0.373352
40 44.470 42.757
30 41.277 39.174
20 33.567 37.617
10 25.623 28.115
Ekstrak1:20
50 42.757 39.525
62.616 55.8443 59.23015 4.788315
40 24.143 37.928
30 16.900 31.464
20 13.318 24.338
10 1.869 1.869
Mikroenkapsulat
50 29.907 29.361
105.247 98.907 102.077 4.483057
40 23.754 26.636
30 19.782 20.016
20 16.433 16.277
10 14.174 13.629
Lampiran 2 Analisi Kadar Total Fenol
SampelKBM
Berat
Sampel
(g)
Volume
(L)
Abs.
Konsentrasi
(mg/L)
FP
Total
Fenol
(mg/g)
Rata-
rata
(mg/g)
SD
ekstrak1:10 0.0200
0.001 1.234 212.3000 1 10.6150
10.8263 0.298753
0.001 1.285 220.7500 1 11.0375
ekstrak1:20 0.0200
0.001 1.441 246.7667 1 12.3383
12.2458 0.130815
0.001 1.419 243.0667 1 12.1533
mikroenkapsulat 0.0200
0.001 0.881 153.4000 1 7.6700
7.4950 0.247487
0.001 0.839 146.4000 1 7.3200
18
Lampiran 3 Bilangan Peroksida Minyak
Lampiran 4 Bilangan Asam Lemak
Sampel Ulangan
Berat
Sampel (g)
Volume NaOH
(mL)
Bilangan
Asam (mg/g)
Rata-rata
(mg/g)
SD
Minyak
Teroksidasi
1 5.0150 1.4 1.0890
1.1280 0.0449 2 5.0141 1.5 1.1670
3 5.0130 1.4 1.0895
Minyak Non-
Oksidasi
1 5.0217 0.35 0.2719
0.2713 0.0005 2 5.0380 0.35 0.2710
3 5.0360 0.35 0.2711
Lampiran 5 Berat Badan dan Konsumsi Pakan TIkus Selama 50 Hari
Hari
ke-
Rata-rata Berat Badan Tikus (g) Rata-rata Konsumsi Pakan Tikus (g)
K(-) K(+) KBM1 KBM2 KBM3 K(-) K(+) KBM1 KBM2 KBM3
0 231.1 225.4 226.0 223.5 234.1 14.90 17.15 14.48 17.26 16.50
1 235.2 229.8 230.6 227.8 237.8 16.82 16.80 13.94 13.62 15.10
2 239.4 227.3 227.0 227.8 238.4 16.72 14.55 15.36 14.50 15.94
3 239.8 235.3 231.6 231.6 244.2 16.92 16.10 16.60 14.90 18.46
4 244.0 239.5 236.2 234.4 247.2 1.58 16.20 14.94 14.50 17.50
5 250.0 239.3 240.0 234.2 254.0 16.92 14.35 15.72 14.10 18.58
6 250.6 242.5 239.6 235.4 251.8 18.08 14.18 16.82 15.84 18.30
7 253.0 242.8 241.6 237.6 255.4 17.62 12.53 14.28 14.26 17.86
8 257.4 247.5 241.6 235.2 257.2 17.78 14.53 14.78 14.10 17.88
9 258.6 249.5 244.0 241.6 259.6 17.64 14.80 15.06 14.98 18.62
10 261.6 249.3 246.0 241.6 260.4 18.20 14.18 14.92 15.28 18.26
11 262.2 252.0 243.4 238.8 259.0 17.54 15.33 15.14 15.48 18.30
12 265.6 256.3 251.2 244.0 266.6 19.16 16.90 15.52 15.44 17.86
13 271.6 254.0 249.0 243.0 264.8 19.00 15.90 16.90 16.00 17.20
14 270.0 258.5 251.6 246.6 269.8 18.06 15.25 16.14 16.76 17.84
Sampel Ulangan
Berat
Sampel
(g)
Volume
Na2S2O3
(mL)
Bilangan
Peroksida
(mg/g)
Rata-rata
(mg/g)
SD
Minyak
Teroksidasi
1
0.2596
0.7
31.2507
31.2568 0.0086
2
0.2595
0.7
31.2628
Minyak
Non-
Oksidasi
1
0.2661
0.35
3.8109
3.8081 0.0040
2
0.2665
0.35
3.8052
19
15 276.0 258.3 252.0 243.4 266.6 17.26 15.63 14.72 15.80 17.02
16 260.0 259.5 256.2 250.6 271.0 17.76 15.55 15.34 16.58 17.62
17 282.2 261.3 258.4 252.8 272.4 18.16 16.85 14.78 17.74 16.34
18 282.0 261.8 255.6 250.4 268.0 18.50 16.88 15.24 17.76 17.62
19 284.4 269.3 258.4 253.2 270.4 17.89 17.08 15.82 16.60 17.10
20 286.4 264.3 261.4 253.8 270.6 17.40 17.95 14.52 17.76 17.90
21 291.4 261.8 261.0 253.8 269.8 17.82 16.65 13.98 18.12 17.78
22 288.4 265.5 259.0 259.4 273.8 16.54 16.43 14.64 18.44 18.80
23 292.6 270.0 263.4 264.4 275.2 17.26 15.20 13.72 18.30 19.02
24 291.4 269.8 261.4 273.6 273.4 17.78 17.98 17.62 18.62 18.56
25 288.4 272.5 264.6 271.0 276.8 17.98 17.95 18.00 18.82 19.22
26 292.6 273.8 265.8 269.0 278.0 18.18 17.53 17.36 18.40 17.64
27 294.2 269.0 268.0 270.2 277.4 18.50 16.43 16.22 17.58 15.62
28 295.0 269.8 270.0 269.8 277.6 17.72 17.25 16.54 18.24 16.96
29 294.4 271.8 273.4 271.2 274.2 16.72 17.08 16.28 18.10 18.08
30 301.8 277.3 278.6 275.6 280.8 17.68 17.18 16.16 18.82 18.86
31 298.4 279.3 281.4 277.0 283.4 18.72 15.78 15.86 18.68 18.62
32 301.4 278.8 279.4 276.4 285.0 17.62 18.40 15.96 19.56 18.66
33 300.0 281.3 281.8 280.4 287.2 17.04 18.98 16.58 19.46 18.96
34 303.8 280.8 283.6 281.4 288.0 17.64 19.58 16.86 19.08 18.02
35 306.4 281.5 284.2 280.6 287.6 16.92 19.13 16.78 18.84 18.64
36 300.2 282.0 284.2 281.6 290.0 17.72 16.88 16.04 18.10 18.48
37 301.4 282.3 284.8 281.2 288.2 18.30 19.38 17.98 17.38 18.74
38 291.2 283.0 282.4 277.4 284.6 19.16 19.73 19.02 17.76 19.44
39 290.0 279.3 281.6 273.8 281.4 18.72 18.03 16.74 16.74 16.74
40 289.2 282.3 283.2 273.4 280.2 17.90 19.95 19.38 19.04 19.54
41 291.0 284.3 285.4 276.6 284.4 16.98 20.00 19.74 18.22 19.32
42 293.8 285.5 285.2 281.2 290.8 17.70 19.68 19.66 18.84 19.38
43 306.0 292.3 286.8 290.4 292.6 19.46 19.13 19.08 20.00 18.96
44 305.2 291.8 289.6 292.4 294.2 18.64 19.43 18.82 19.90 18.96
45 306.8 296.5 290.6 291.8 294.2 19.12 19.60 17.60 19.84 18.54
46 311.2 299.0 291.2 290.6 296.2 16.86 19.43 17.66 19.50 19.24
47 313.6 301.8 292.0 291.6 298.6 19.04 18.83 16.88 19.04 19.52
48 315.2 302.5 292.6 293.0 300.2 18.98 15.60 14.40 19.10 15.98
49 308.0 301.3 293.6 297.2 303.4 18.77 17.73 17.14 17.14 17.14
50 308.8 290.8 291.6 300.2 303.0
Rata-
rata 283.0 268.2 265.3 263.0 274.3 17.51 17.07 16.27 17.38 18.02
SD 22.9 20.2 20.3 21.6 17.2 2.455 1.840 1.576 1.790 1.073
20
Lampiran 6 Berat Relatif Organ Hati, Adiposa, Limfa, dan Ginjal pada Hari ke-50
Perlakuan
Berat Relatif Hati (%)
Ulangan k- k+ KBM1 KBM2 KBM3
u1 3.74 4.23 4.62 4.81 4.37
u2 4.59 4.03 4.26 4.00 4.00
u3 3.75 3.60 4.16 3.70 3.94
u4 5.01 3.74 3.11 3.87 3.85
u5 4.17 3.98 3.81 3.73 3.01
Rata-rata 4.25 3.91 3.99 4.02 3.83
SD 0.88 0.25 0.57 0.45 0.50
Berat Relatif Adiposa (%)
Ulangan k- k+ KBM1 KBM2 KBM3
u1 1.85 1.69 0.97 0.79 1.17
u2 1.98 1.50 1.13 1.96 1.44
u3 1.72 1.84 1.96 0.96 1.81
u4 1.22 2.57 0.56 2.37 1.31
u5 0.83 0.87 2.09 1.02 1.79
Rata-rata 1.52 1.70 1.34 1.42 1.43
SD 1.53 0.66 0.66 0.70 0.29
Berat Relatif Limfa (%)
Ulangan k- k+ KBM1 KBM2 KBM3
u1 0.86 0.27 0.53 0.41 0.30
u2 0.47 0.40 0.28 0.36 0.32
u3 0.49 0.35 0.29 0.32 0.30
u4 0.34 0.28 0.30 0.32 0.48
u5 0.55 0.39 0.28 0.33 0.47
Rata-rata 0.54 0.34 0.33 0.35 0.37
SD 0.19 0.06 0.11 0.04 0.09
Berat Relatif Ginjali (%)
Ulangan k- k+ KBM1 KBM2 KBM3
u1 1.00 0.78 0.74 0.81 0.90
u2 1.05 0.78 0.74 0.64 0.66
u3 0.53 0.65 0.75 0.76 0.68
u4 0.79 0.61 0.56 0.70 0.68
u5 0.69 0.72 0.72 0.64 0.60
Rata-rata 0.81 0.71 0.70 0.71 0.71
SD 0.22 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.12
21
Lampiran 7 Foto Organ Hati
Perlakuan Gambar Organ Hati
K (-)
K (+)
KBM1
KBM2
KBM3
22
Lampiran 8 Kadar MDA
Perlakuan Ulangan Absorbansi
Kadar MDA
(L/mL)
Rata-rata
(L/mL)
SD
K (-)
1 0.254 0.0015
0.0014 0.0002
2 0.222 0.0013
3 0.195 0.0012
4 0.200 0.0012
5 0.260 0.0016
K (+)
1 0.725 0.0044
0.0042 0.0004
2 0.615 0.0037
3 0.634 0.0038
4 0.726 0.0044
5 0.744 0.0045
KBM1
1 0.294 0.0023
0.0020 0.0003
2 0.210 0.0017
3 0.227 0.0018
4 0.222 0.0018
5 0.287 0.0023
KBM2
1 0.388 0.0030
0.0028 0.0002
2 0.374 0.0029
3 0.348 0.0027
4 0.335 0.0026
5 0.367 0.0029
KBM3
1 0.279 0.0022
0.0022 0.0003
2 0.257 0.0020
3 0.307 0.0024
4 0.213 0.0017
5 0.313 0.0025
23
Lampiran 9 Uji t-test pH Ekstrak
Group Statistics
perlakuan N Mean Std. Deviation Std. Error Mean
pH
Ekstrak 1:10 6 4.6467 .05785 .02362
Ekstrak 1:20 6 4.6333 .03141 .01282
Independent Samples Test
Levene's Test for Equality
of Variances
t-test for Equality of Means
F Sig. t df Sig. (2-
tailed)
Mean
Difference
Std. Error
Difference
95% Confidence Interval
of the Difference
Lower Upper
pH
Equal variances
assumed
2.163 .172 .496 10 .631 .01333 .02687 -.04655 .07321
Equal variances not
assumed
.496 7.712 .634 .01333 .02687 -.04904 .07571
24
Lampiran 10 Uji t-test Rendemen Ekstrak
Group Statistics
perlakuan N Mean Std. Deviation Std. Error Mean
Rendemen
Ekstrak 1:10 3 3.1000 .07810 .04509
Ekstrak 1:20 3 3.0200 .01000 .00577
Independent Samples Test
Levene's Test for Equality
of Variances
t-test for Equality of Means
F Sig. t df Sig. (2-
tailed)
Mean
Difference
Std. Error
Difference
95% Confidence Interval of
the Difference
Lower Upper
Rendemen
Equal variances
assumed
11.636 .057 1.760 4 .153 .08000 .04546 -.04622 .20622
Equal variances
not assumed
1.760 2.066 .217 .08000 .04546 -.10977 .26977
25
Lampiran 11 Uji t-test Total Kadar Fenol
Group Statistics
perlakuan N Mean Std. Deviation Std. Error
Mean
fenol
Ekstrak 1:10 2 10.82625 .298753 .211250
Ekstrak 1:20 2 12.24580 .130815 .092500
Independent Samples Test
Levene's Test for Equality of
Variances
t-test for Equality of Means
F Sig. t df Sig. (2-
tailed)
Mean
Difference
Std. Error
Difference
95% Confidence Interval of
the Difference
Lower Upper
fenol
Equal variances
assumed
3645322208566394.000 .000
-
6.156
2 .025 -1.419550 .230614 -2.411802 -.427298
Equal variances
not assumed
-
6.156
1.370 .058 -1.419550 .230614 -3.007594 .168494
26
Lampiran 12 Analisis Keragaman (ANOVA) Kadar Total Fenol
Tests of Between-Subjects Effects
Dependent Variable: fenol
Source Type III Sum of
Squares
df Mean Square F Sig.
Corrected Model 23.788
a
2 11.894 212.883 .001
Intercept 622.896 1 622.896 11148.657 .000
perlakuan 23.788 2 11.894 212.883 .001
Error .168 3 .056
Total 646.852 6
Corrected Total 23.956 5
a. R Squared = .993 (Adjusted R Squared = .988)
fenol
perlakuan N Subset
1 2 3
Duncan
a,b
Mikroenkapsulat 2 7.49500
Ekstrak 1:10 2
10.82625
Ekstrak 1:20 2
12.24580
Sig.
1.000 1.000 1.000
Means for groups in homogeneous subsets are displayed.
Based on observed means.
The error term is Mean Square(Error) = .056.
a. Uses Harmonic Mean Sample Size = 2.000.
b. Alpha = 0.05.
27
Multiple Comparisons
Dependent Variable: fenol
(I) perlakuan (J) perlakuan Mean
Differenc
e (I-J)
Std.
Error
Sig. 95% Confidence
Interval
Lower
Bound
Upper
Bound
Dunnet
t T3
Ekstrak 1:10
Ekstrak 1:20 -1.41955
.23061
4
.10
7
-
3.9155
8
1.0764
8
Mikroenkapsula
t
3.33125
*
.27432
0
.01
6
1.5231
5
5.1393
5
Ekstrak 1:20
Ekstrak 1:10 1.41955
.23061
4
.10
7
-
1.0764
8
3.9155
8
Mikroenkapsula
t
4.75080
*
.19794
3
.01
2
2.9435
5
6.5580
5
Mikroenkapsula
t
Ekstrak 1:10 -3.33125
*
.27432
0
.01
6
-
5.1393
5
-
1.5231
5
Ekstrak 1:20 -4.75080
*
.19794
3
.01
2
-
6.5580
5
-
2.9435
5
Dunnet
t t (2-
sided)
b
Ekstrak 1:20 Ekstrak 1:10 1.41955
*
.23637
2
.01
5
.50561
2.3334
9
Mikroenkapsula
t
Ekstrak 1:10 -3.33125
*
.23637
2
.00
1
-
4.2451
9
-
2.4173
1
Based on observed means.
The error term is Mean Square(Error) = .056.
*. The mean difference is significant at the 0.05 level.
b. Dunnett t-tests treat one group as a control, and compare all other groups against it.
28
Lampiran 13 Uji t-test Kapasitas Antioksidan
Group Statistics
perlakuan N Mean Std. Deviation Std. Error Mean
ic50
Ekstrak 1:10 2 44.76100 .373352 .264000
Ekstrak 1:20 2 59.23000 4.788527 3.386000
Independent Samples Test
Levene's Test for Equality of
Variances
t-test for Equality of Means
F Sig
.
t df Sig.
(2-
tailed
)
Mean
Differenc
e
Std.
Error
Differenc
e
95% Confidence
Interval of the
Difference
Lower Upper
ic5
0
Equal
variance
s
assume
d
1584125767965942270.
000
.00
0
-
4.26
0
2 .051
-
14.46900
0
3.39627
6
-
29.08199
7
.143997
Equal
variance
s not
assume
d
-
4.26
0
1.01
2
.144
-
14.46900
0
3.39627
6
-
56.41694
6
27.47894
6
29
Lampiran 14 Analisis Keragaman (ANOVA) Kapasitas Antioksidan (I C50)
Tests of Between-Subjects Effects
Dependent Variable: ic50
Source Type III Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig.
Corrected Model 3553.561
a
2 1776.780 123.481 .001
Intercept 28309.347 1 28309.347 1967.421 .000
perlakuan 3553.561 2 1776.780 123.481 .001
Error 43.167 3 14.389
Total 31906.075 6
Corrected Total 3596.728 5
a. R Squared = .988 (Adjusted R Squared = .980)
Multiple Comparisons
Dependent Variable: ic50
(I) perlakuan (J) perlakuan Mean
Difference
(I-J)
Std.
Error
Sig. 95% Confidence
Interval
Lower
Bound
Upper
Bound
Dunnett
T3
Ekstrak 1:10
Ekstrak 1:20 -14.46900 3.396276 .239 -84.11920 55.18120
Mikroenkapsulat -57.31600 3.180974 .057
-
122.27501
7.64301
Ekstrak 1:20
Ekstrak 1:10 14.46900 3.396276 .239 -55.18120 84.11920
Mikroenkapsulat
-
42.84700
*
4.638307 .024 -72.39874 -13.29526
Mikroenkapsulat
Ekstrak 1:10 57.31600 3.180974 .057 -7.64301 122.27501
Ekstrak 1:20 42.84700
*
4.638307 .024 13.29526 72.39874
Dunnett
t (2-
sided)
b
Ekstrak 1:20 Ekstrak 1:10 14.46900 3.793292 .052 -.19780 29.13580
Mikroenkapsulat Ekstrak 1:10 57.31600
*
3.793292 .001 42.64920 71.98280
Based on observed means.
The error term is Mean Square(Error) = 14.389.
*. The mean difference is significant at the 0.05 level.
b. Dunnett t-tests treat one group as a control, and compare all other groups against it.
30
Homogeneous Subsets
ic50
perlakuan N Subset
1 2 3
Duncan
a,b
Ekstrak 1:10 2 44.76100
Ekstrak 1:20 2
59.23000
Mikroenkapsulat 2
102.07700
Sig.
1.000 1.000 1.000
Means for groups in homogeneous subsets are displayed.
Based on observed means.
The error term is Mean Square(Error) = 14.389.
a. Uses Harmonic Mean Sample Size = 2.000.
b. Alpha = 0.05.
31
Lampiran 15 Uji t-test Kadar Asam Lemak Bebas Minyak
Group Statistics
Perlakuan N Mean Std. Deviation Std. Error Mean
kadar_asam
tanpa oksdasi 2 .1700 .01414 .01000
dengan oksidasi 2 .7900 .00000 .00000
Independent Samples Test
Levene's Test
for Equality of
Variances
t-test for Equality of Means
F Sig. t df Sig.
(2-
tailed)
Mean
Difference
Std. Error
Difference
95%
Confidence
Interval of the
Difference
Lower Upper
kadar_asam
Equal
variances
assumed
. .
-
62.000
2 .000 -.62000 .01000
-
.66303
-
.57697
Equal
variances not
assumed
-
62.000
1.000 .010 -.62000 .01000
-
.74706
-
.49294
32
Lampiran 16 Uji t-test Peroksida Minyak
Group Statistics
Perlakuan N Mean Std. Deviation Std. Error Mean
peroksida
tanpa oksdasi 2 3.8500 .05657 .04000
dengan oksidasi 2 31.2850 .00707 .00500
Independent Samples Test
Levene's Test for Equality
of Variances
t-test for Equality of Means
F Sig
.
t df Sig.
(2-
taile
d)
Mean
Differen
ce
Std.
Error
Differen
ce
95% Confidence
Interval of the
Difference
Lower Upper
peroksi
da
Equal
varianc
es
assume
d
22390900045781796.
000
.00
0
-
680.57
9
2 .000
-
27.4350
0
.04031
-
27.6084
5
-
27.2615
5
Equal
varianc
es not
assume
d
-
680.57
9
1.03
1
.001
-
27.4350
0
.04031
-
27.9119
5
-
26.9580
5
33
Lampiran 17 uji t-test Berat Badan Tikus
Group Statistics
Perlakuan N Mean Std. Deviation Std. Error
Mean
Berat Badan
k+ 51 276.26 24.394 3.450
k- 51 276.90 19.287 2.728
Independent Samples Test
Levene's Test
for Equality of
Variances
t-test for Equality of Means
F Sig. t df Sig.
(2-
tailed)
Mean
Difference
Std. Error
Difference
95%
Confidence
Interval of the
Difference
Lower Upper
Berat
Badan
Equal
variances
assumed
6.523 .012
-
.146
98 .885 -.640 4.398 -9.367 8.087
Equal
variances
not
assumed
-
.146
93.048 .885 -.640 4.398 -9.373 8.093
34
Lampiran 18 Analisis keragaman (ANOVA) berat badan tikus
Tests of Between-Subjects Effects
Dependent Variable: bb_50hr_kmiuns
Source Type III Sum of
Squares
df Mean Square F Sig.
Corrected Model 3570.420
a
3 1190.140 3.224 .024
Intercept 14423820.500 1 14423820.500 39069.994 .000
perlakuan2 3570.420 3 1190.140 3.224 .024
Error 72359.080 196 369.179
Total 14499750.000 200
Corrected Total 75929.500 199
a. R Squared = .047 (Adjusted R Squared = .032)
Berat Badan Tikus
perlakuan2 N Subset
1 2
Duncan
a,b
kbm2 51 263.80
kbm1 51 266.14
k+ 51 269.18 269.18
kbm3 51
275.08
Sig.
.189 .126
Means for groups in homogeneous subsets are displayed.
Based on observed means.
The error term is Mean Square(Error) = 369.179.
a. Uses Harmonic Mean Sample Size = 50.000.
b. Alpha = .05.
35
Multiple Comparisons
Dependent Variable: bb_50hr_kmiuns
(I)
perlakuan2
(J)
perlakuan2
Mean
Difference (I-J)
Std.
Error
Sig. 95% Confidence
Interval
Lower
Bound
Upper
Bound
Dunnett T3
k+
kbm1 3.04 3.910 .967 -7.45 13.53
kbm2 5.38 4.054 .706 -5.50 16.26
kbm3 -5.90 3.594 .476 -15.55 3.75
kbm1
k+ -3.04 3.910 .967 -13.53 7.45
kbm2 2.34 4.077 .993 -8.60 13.28
kbm3 -8.94 3.620 .088 -18.66 .78
kbm2
k+ -5.38 4.054 .706 -16.26 5.50
kbm1 -2.34 4.077 .993 -13.28 8.60
kbm3 -11.28
*
3.774 .021 -21.42 -1.14
kbm3
k+ 5.90 3.594 .476 -3.75 15.55
kbm1 8.94 3.620 .088 -.78 18.66
kbm2 11.28
*
3.774 .021 1.14 21.42
Dunnett t (2-
sided)
b
kbm1 k+ -3.04 3.843 .768 -12.14 6.06
kbm2 k+ -5.38 3.843 .363 -14.48 3.72
kbm3 k+ 5.90 3.843 .291 -3.20 15.00
Based on observed means.
The error term is Mean Square(Error) = 369.179.
*. The mean difference is significant at the .05 level.
b. Dunnett t-tests treat one group as a control, and compare all other groups against it.
36
Lampiran 19 Uji t-test konsumsi pakan tikus
Group Statistics
Perlakuan N Mean Std. Deviation Std. Error Mean
Pakan50hr
k+ 50 17.0700 1.83989 .26020
k- 50 17.5076 2.45488 .34717
Independent Samples Test
Levene's
Test for
Equality of
Variances
t-test for Equality of Means
F Sig. t df Sig.
(2-
tailed)
Mean
Difference
Std. Error
Difference
95%
Confidence
Interval of the
Difference
Lower Upper
Pakan50hr
Equal
variances
assumed
1.764 .187
-
1.009
98 .316 -.43760 .43386
-
1.29858
.42338
Equal
variances
not
assumed
-
1.009
90.845 .316 -.43760 .43386
-
1.29943
.42423
37
Lampiran 20 Analisis Keragaman (ANOVA) konsumsi pakan tikus
Tests of Between-Subjects Effects
Dependent Variable: pakan_kmin
Source Type III Sum of
Squares
df Mean Square F Sig.
Corrected Model 79.220
a
3 26.407 10.332 .000
Intercept 59077.219 1 59077.219 23114.079 .000
perlakuan2 79.220 3 26.407 10.332 .000
Error 500.956 196 2.556
Total 59657.395 200
Corrected Total 580.176 199
a. R Squared = .137 (Adjusted R Squared = .123)
Konsumsi Pakan Tikus
perlakuan2 N Subset
1 2 3
Duncan
a,b
kbm1 50 16.2744
k+ 50
17.0700
kbm2 50
17.3784
kbm3 50
18.0244
Sig.
1.000 .336 1.000
Means for groups in homogeneous subsets are displayed.
Based on observed means.
The error term is Mean Square(Error) = 2.556.
a. Uses Harmonic Mean Sample Size = 50.000.
b. Alpha = .05.
38
Multiple Comparisons
Dependent Variable: pakantikus
(I)
perlakuan2
(J)
perlakuan2
Mean
Difference
(I-J)
Std.
Error
Sig. 95% Confidence
Interval
Lower
Bound
Upper
Bound
Dunnett T3
k+
kbm1 .7956 .34256 .125 -.1238 1.7150
kbm2 -.3084 .36304 .950 -1.2823 .6655
kbm3 -.9544
*
.30121 .013 -1.7663 -.1425
kbm1
k+ -.7956 .34256 .125 -1.7150 .1238
kbm2 -1.1040
*
.33726 .009 -2.0090 -.1990
kbm3 -1.7500
*
.26957 .000 -2.4751 -1.0249
kbm2
k+ .3084 .36304 .950 -.6655 1.2823
kbm1 1.1040
*
.33726 .009 .1990 2.0090
kbm3 -.6460 .29517 .172 -1.4413 .1493
kbm3
k+ .9544
*
.30121 .013 .1425 1.7663
kbm1 1.7500
*
.26957 .000 1.0249 2.4751
kbm2 .6460 .29517 .172 -.1493 1.4413
Dunnett t (2-
sided)
b
kbm1 k+ -.7956
*
.31974 .037 -1.5525 -.0387
kbm2 k+ .3084 .31974 .650 -.4485 1.0653
kbm3 k+ .9544
*
.31974 .009 .1975 1.7113
Based on observed means.
The error term is Mean Square(Error) = 2.556.
*. The mean difference is significant at the .05 level.
b. Dunnett t-tests treat one group as a control, and compare all other groups against it.
Lampiran 21 Uji t-test Organ Tikus
Group Statistics
perlakuan N Mean Std. Deviation Std. Error Mean
hati
k+ 5 .0399 .00174 .00078
k- 5 .0501 .01074 .00480
ginjal
k+ 5 .7080 .07662 .03426
k- 5 .8120 .21615 .09666
adiposa
k+ 5 1.8680 .66582 .29777
k- 5 1.7540 1.52756 .68314
limfa
k+ 5 .3380 .06058 .02709
k- 5 .5420 .19357 .08657
39
Independent Samples Test
Levene's
Test for
Equality of
Variances
t-test for Equality of Means
F Sig. t df Sig.
(2-
tailed)
Mean
Difference
Std. Error
Difference
95% Confidence
Interval of the
Difference
Lower Upper
hati
Equal
variances
assumed
9.025 .017
-
2.080
8 .071 -.01012 .00487 -.02134 .00110
Equal
variances
not
assumed
-
2.080
4.211 .103 -.01012 .00487 -.02337 .00313
ginjal
Equal
variances
assumed
5.103 .054
-
1.014
8 .340 -.10400 .10256 -.34050 .13250
Equal
variances
not
assumed
-
1.014
4.990 .357 -.10400 .10256 -.36780 .15980
adiposa
Equal
variances
assumed
1.667 .233 .153 8 .882 .11400 .74522
-
1.60448
1.83248
Equal
variances
not
assumed
.153 5.467 .884 .11400 .74522
-
1.75346
1.98146
limfa
Equal
variances
assumed
1.915 .204
-
2.249
8 .055 -.20400 .09071 -.41317 .00517
Equal
variances
not
assumed
-
2.249
4.776 .077 -.20400 .09071 -.44050 .03250
40
Lampiran 22 Analisis Keragaman (ANOVA) hati relatif tikus
Tests of Between-Subjects Effects
Dependent Variable: hati
Source Type III Sum of
Squares
df Mean
Square
F Sig. Partial Eta
Squared
Corrected
Model
1.095E-005
a
3 3.650E-006 .179 .909 .032
Intercept .031 1 .031 1536.858 .000 .990
perlakuan 1.095E-005 3 3.650E-006 .179 .909 .032
Error .000 16 2.041E-005
Total .032 20
Corrected
Total
.000 19
a. R Squared = .032 (Adjusted R Squared = -.149)
hati
perlakuan N Subset
1
Duncan
a,b
kbm3 5 .0383
kbm1 5 .0399
k+ 5 .0399
kbm2 5 .0402
Sig.
.554
Means for groups in homogeneous
subsets are displayed.
Based on observed means.
The error term is Mean Square(Error)
= 2.041E-005.
a. Uses Harmonic Mean Sample Size =
5.000.
b. Alpha = .05.
41
Multiple Comparisons
Dependent Variable: hati
(I)
perlakuan
(J)
perlakuan
Mean
Difference (I-
J)
Std.
Error
Sig. 95% Confidence
Interval
Lower
Bound
Upper
Bound
Dunnett T3
k+
kbm1 .0000 .00267 1.000 -.0107 .0108
kbm2 -.0003 .00219 1.000 -.0088 .0082
kbm3 .0016 .00237 .974 -.0078 .0110
kbm1
k+ .0000 .00267 1.000 -.0108 .0107
kbm2 -.0003 .00327 1.000 -.0114 .0108
kbm3 .0016 .00340 .997 -.0099 .0131
kbm2
k+ .0003 .00219 1.000 -.0082 .0088
kbm1 .0003 .00327 1.000 -.0108 .0114
kbm3 .0019 .00303 .985 -.0083 .0121
kbm3
k+ -.0016 .00237 .974 -.0110 .0078
kbm1 -.0016 .00340 .997 -.0131 .0099
kbm2 -.0019 .00303 .985 -.0121 .0083
Dunnett t (2-
sided)
a
kbm1 k+ .0000 .00286 1.000 -.0074 .0074
kbm2 k+ .0003 .00286 .999 -.0071 .0077
kbm3 k+ -.0016 .00286 .898 -.0090 .0058
Based on observed means.
The error term is Mean Square(Error) = 2.041E-005.
a. Dunnett t-tests treat one group as a control, and compare all other groups against it.
42
Lampiran 23 Analisis keragaman (ANOVA) Ginjal Tikus
Tests of Between-Subjects Effects
Dependent Variable: ginjal
Source Type III Sum of
Squares
df Mean Square F Sig.
Corrected Model .082
a
3 .027 .868 .478
Intercept 8.987 1 8.987 284.801 .000
perlakuan .082 3 .027 .868 .478
Error .505 16 .032
Total 9.574 20
Corrected Total .587 19
a. R Squared = .140 (Adjusted R Squared = -.021)
ginjal
perlakuan N Subset
1
Duncan
a,b
kbm1 5 .5594
kbm3 5 .7040
k+ 5 .7080
kbm2 5 .7100
Sig.
.235
Means for groups in homogeneous subsets are displayed.
Based on observed means.
The error term is Mean Square(Error) = .032.
a. Uses Harmonic Mean Sample Size = 5.000.
b. Alpha = .05.
43
Multiple Comparisons
Dependent Variable: ginjal
(I)
perlakuan
(J)
perlakuan
Mean Difference
(I-J)
Std.
Error
Sig. 95% Confidence
Interval
Lower
Bound
Upper
Bound
Dunnett T3
k+
kbm1 .1486 .14666 .869 -.4575 .7547
kbm2 -.0020 .04790 1.000 -.1632 .1592
kbm3 .0040 .06156 1.000 -.2109 .2189
kbm1
k+ -.1486 .14666 .869 -.7547 .4575
kbm2 -.1506 .14648 .862 -.7573 .4561
kbm3 -.1446 .15150 .895 -.7390 .4498
kbm2
k+ .0020 .04790 1.000 -.1592 .1632
kbm1 .1506 .14648 .862 -.4561 .7573
kbm3 .0060 .06112 1.000 -.2082 .2202
kbm3
k+ -.0040 .06156 1.000 -.2189 .2109
kbm1 .1446 .15150 .895 -.4498 .7390
kbm2 -.0060 .06112 1.000 -.2202 .2082
Dunnett t (2-
sided)
a
kbm1 k+ -.1486 .11235 .431 -.4399 .1427
kbm2 k+ .0020 .11235 1.000 -.2893 .2933
kbm3 k+ -.0040 .11235 1.000 -.2953 .2873
Based on observed means.
The error term is Mean Square(Error) = .032.
a. Dunnett t-tests treat one group as a control, and compare all other groups against it.
44
Lampiran 24 Analisis keragaman (ANOVA) adiposa tikus
Tests of Between-Subjects Effects
Dependent Variable: adiposa
Source Type III Sum of
Squares
df Mean Square F Sig.
Corrected Model .812
a
3 .271 .746 .540
Intercept 47.032 1 47.032 129.725 .000
perlakuan .812 3 .271 .746 .540
Error 5.801 16 .363
Total 53.645 20
Corrected Total 6.612 19
a. R Squared = .123 (Adjusted R Squared = -.042)
adiposa
perlakuan N Subset
1
Duncan
a,b
kbm1 5 1.3420
kbm2 5 1.4200
kbm3 5 1.5040
k+ 5 1.8680
Sig.
.221
Means for groups in homogeneous subsets are
displayed.
Based on observed means.
The error term is Mean Square(Error) = .363.
a. Uses Harmonic Mean Sample Size = 5.000.
b. Alpha = .05.
45
Multiple Comparisons
Dependent Variable: adiposa
(I)
perlakuan
(J)
perlakuan
Mean
Difference (I-J)
Std.
Error
Sig. 95% Confidence
Interval
Lower
Bound
Upper
Bound
Dunnett T3
k+
kbm1 .5260 .41890 .751 -.8835 1.9355
kbm2 .4480 .43220 .866 -1.0072 1.9032
kbm3 .3640 .32419 .820 -.8675 1.5955
kbm1
k+ -.5260 .41890 .751 -1.9355 .8835
kbm2 -.0780 .43005 1.000 -1.5264 1.3704
kbm3 -.1620 .32133 .994 -1.3802 1.0562
kbm2
k+ -.4480 .43220 .866 -1.9032 1.0072
kbm1 .0780 .43005 1.000 -1.3704 1.5264
kbm3 -.0840 .33848 1.000 -1.3820 1.2140
kbm3
k+ -.3640 .32419 .820 -1.5955 .8675
kbm1 .1620 .32133 .994 -1.0562 1.3802
kbm2 .0840 .33848 1.000 -1.2140 1.3820
Dunnett t (2-
sided)
a
kbm1 k+ -.5260 .38082 .398 -1.5132 .4612
kbm2 k+ -.4480 .38082 .520 -1.4352 .5392
kbm3 k+ -.3640 .38082 .664 -1.3512 .6232
Based on observed means.
The error term is Mean Square(Error) = .363.
a. Dunnett t-tests treat one group as a control, and compare all other groups against it.
46
Lampiran 25 Analisis keragaman (ANOVA) limfa tikus
Tests of Between-Subjects Effects
Dependent Variable: limfa
Source Type III Sum of
Squares
df Mean Square F Sig.
Corrected Model .005
a
3 .002 .239 .868
Intercept 2.436 1 2.436 381.373 .000
perlakuan .005 3 .002 .239 .868
Error .102 16 .006
Total 2.543 20
Corrected Total .107 19
a. R Squared = .043 (Adjusted R Squared = -.137)
limfa
perlakuan N Subset
1
Duncan
a,b
kbm1 5 .3360
k+ 5 .3380
kbm2 5 .3480
kbm3 5 .3740
Sig.
.499
Means for groups in homogeneous subsets are displayed.
Based on observed means.
The error term is Mean Square(Error) = .006.
a. Uses Harmonic Mean Sample Size = 5.000.
b. Alpha = .05.
47
Multiple Comparisons
Dependent Variable: limfa
(I)
perlakuan
(J)
perlakuan
Mean
Difference
(I-J)
Std.
Error
Sig. 95% Confidence
Interval
Lower
Bound
Upper
Bound
Dunnett T3
k+
kbm1 .0020 .05568 1.000 -.1991 .2031
kbm2 -.0100 .03206 1.000 -.1230 .1030
kbm3 -.0360 .04950 .967 -.2095 .1375
kbm1
k+ -.0020 .05568 1.000 -.2031 .1991
kbm2 -.0120 .05158 1.000 -.2149 .1909
kbm3 -.0380 .06389 .988 -.2544 .1784
kbm2
k+ .0100 .03206 1.000 -.1030 .1230
kbm1 .0120 .05158 1.000 -.1909 .2149
kbm3 -.0260 .04483 .988 -.1976 .1456
kbm3
k+ .0360 .04950 .967 -.1375 .2095
kbm1 .0380 .06389 .988 -.1784 .2544
kbm2 .0260 .04483 .988 -.1456 .1976
Dunnett t (2-
sided)
a
kbm1 k+ -.0020 .05055 1.000 -.1330 .1290
kbm2 k+ .0100 .05055 .994 -.1210 .1410
kbm3 k+ .0360 .05055 .818 -.0950 .1670
Based on observed means.
The error term is Mean Square(Error) = .006.
a. Dunnett t-tests treat one group as a control, and compare all other groups against it.
48
Lampiran 26 Uji t-test kadar mda hati tikus
Group Statistics
PERLAKUAN2 N Mean Std. Deviation Std. Error Mean
mda
K- 5 .001360 .0001817 .0000812
K+ 5 .004160 .0003782 .0001691
Independent Samples Test
Levene's Test
for Equality of
Variances
t-test for Equality of Means
F Sig. t df Sig.
(2-
tailed)
Mean
Difference
Std. Error
Difference
95% Confidence
Interval of the
Difference
Lower Upper
mda
Equal
variances
assumed
12.253 .008
-
14.924
8 .000 -.0028000 .0001876 -.0032326 -.0023674
Equal
variances
not
assumed
-
14.924
5.753 .000 -.0028000 .0001876 -.0032639 -.0023361
49
Lampiran 27 Analisis keragaman (ANOVA) kadar MDA hati tikus
Tests of Between-Subjects Effects
Dependent Variable: mda
Source Type III Sum of
Squares
df Mean Square F Sig.
Corrected Model 1.465E-005
a
3 4.884E-006 54.267 .000
Intercept .000 1 .000 1717.422 .000
perlakuan 1.465E-005 3 4.884E-006 54.267 .000
Error 1.440E-006 16 9.000E-008
Total .000 20
Corrected Total 1.609E-005 19
a. R Squared = .911 (Adjusted R Squared = .894)
mda
perlakuan N Subset
1 2 3
Duncan
a,b
kbm1 5 .001980
kbm3 5 .002160
kbm2 5
.002820
K+ 5
.004160
Sig.
.357 1.000 1.000
Means for groups in homogeneous subsets are displayed.
Based on observed means.
The error term is Mean Square(Error) = 9.000E-008.
a. Uses Harmonic Mean Sample Size = 5.000.
b. Alpha = .05.
50
Multiple Comparisons
Dependent Variable: mda
(I)
perlakuan
(J)
perlakuan
Mean
Difference (I-J)
Std.
Error
Sig. 95% Confidence
Interval
Lower
Bound
Upper
Bound
Dunnett T3
K+
kbm1 .002180
*
.0002145 .000 .001447 .002913
kbm2 .001340
*
.0001844 .003 .000641 .002039
kbm3 .002000
*
.0002218 .000 .001249 .002751
kbm1
K+ -.002180
*
.0002145 .000 -.002913 -.001447
kbm2 -.000840
*
.0001510 .006 -.001385 -.000295
kbm3 -.000180 .0001949 .913 -.000837 .000477
kbm2
K+ -.001340
*
.0001844 .003 -.002039 -.000641
kbm1 .000840
*
.0001510 .006 .000295 .001385
kbm3 .000660
*
.0001612 .031 .000068 .001252
kbm3
K+ -.002000
*
.0002218 .000 -.002751 -.001249
kbm1 .000180 .0001949 .913 -.000477 .000837
kbm2 -.000660
*
.0001612 .031 -.001252 -.000068
Dunnett t
(<control)
b
kbm1 K+ -.002180
*
.0001897 .000
-.001757
kbm2 K+ -.001340
*
.0001897 .000
-.000917
kbm3 K+ -.002000
*
.0001897 .000
-.001577
Based on observed means.
The error term is Mean Square(Error) = 9.000E-008.
*. The mean difference is significant at the .05 level.
b. Dunnett t-tests treat one group as a control, and compare all other groups against it.
51
RIWAYAT HIDUP
Dalam riwayat hidup dijelaskan tempat dan tanggal kelahiran mahasiswa, putra dan
putri ke berapa dari orang tua, nama kedua orang tua atau wali. Untuk skripsi, tuliskan
pendidikan penulis seja\k sekolah menengah hingga terdaftar sebagai mahasiswa IPB.
Kegiatan penulis di luar akademik yang menunjang pendidikan juga baik dicantumkan,
terutama prestasi akademik yang pernah diraih selama masa kemahasiswaan. Uraian
tentang riwayat hidup tidak lebih dari satu halaman.