Referat berjudul:
Syok
Oleh:
Rieska Yunika Machyar
Mohammad Areza
Preetibah Ratenavelu
Telah diterima dan disahkan sebagai salah satu syarat dalam mengikuti
Kepaniteraan Klinik di Bagian/Departemen Anestesiologi dan Terapi Intensif
Fakultas Kedokteran Univesitas Sriwijaya/Rumah Sakit dr. Mohammad Hoesin
periode 26 Mei hingga 30 Juni 2014.
KATA PENGANTAR
Penulis
DAFTAR ISI
HALAMAN JUDUL.........................................................................................................
i
HALAMAN PENGESAHAN...........................................................................................
ii
KATA PENGANTAR........................................................................................................
iii
DAFTAR ISI......................................................................................................................
iv
DAFTAR TABEL..............................................................................................................
v
DAFTAR GAMBAR.........................................................................................................
vi
BAB I PENDAHULUAN..................................................................................................
1
BAB II TINJAUAN PUSTAKA.......................................................................................
2
2.1. Definisi Syok
2
2.2. Klasifikasi Syok
3
2.2.1. Nyeri Akut
3
2.2.2. Nyeri Kronik
4
2.3. Patofisiologi Nyeri
6
2.3.1. Jalur Nyeri
6
2.3.2. Nyeri Nosiseptif
11
DAFTAR GAMBAR
Gambar 1. Jalur nyeri..........................................................................................................
6
Gambar 2. Area somatosensori pada girus postsentralis.....................................................
8
Gambar 3. Lamina Rexed pada korda spinalis...................................................................
9
Gambar 4. Jalur nyeri aferen (ascending) dan eferen (descending)...................................
10
Gambar 5. Teori gerbang dalam mekanisme nyeri.............................................................
11
Gambar 6. Neuroma pada cedera akson.............................................................................
16
Gambar 7. Peran dari nerve growth factor (NGF) pada sensitisasi perifer.........................
17
Gambar 8. Mekanisme sensitasi perifer dan sentral...........................................................
19
Gambar 9. Wong-Baker faces pain rating scale.................................................................
21
Gambar 10. Verbal rating scale..........................................................................................
22
Gambar 11. Numerical rating scale....................................................................................
22
Gambar 12. Visual analogue scale......................................................................................
23