CHF
GAGAL JANTUNG
PENDAHULUAN
GAGAL JANTUNG ( HEART FAILURE ) :
Keadaan JANTUNG TIDAK MAMPU LAGI MEMOMPA
DARAH DALAM JUMLAH YG CUKUP utk MEMENUHI
KEBUTUHAN SIRKULASI / KEBUTUHAN METABOLISME
JARINGAN TUBUH PADA KEADAAN TERTENTU, dimana
TEKANAN PENGISIAN KEDALAM JANTUNG MASIH
CUKUP.
GAGAL JANTUNG PROGRESIF CURAH JANTUNG
(CARDIAC OUTPUT) SINDROMA GAGAL JANTUNG
1.DISFUNGSI MIOKARD :
GGN MIOKARD GGN KONTRAKTILITAS ISI SEKUNCUP
(STROKE- VOLUME) CURAH JANTUNG ( CO )
ISKEMIA/INFARK MIOKARD,
MIOKARDITIS,
KARDIOMIOPATIA,
PRESBIKARDIA (SENILE DEGENERATION)
STENOSIS AORTA,
HIPERTENSI,
MIS
: GGN. DISTENSI DIASTOLIK
PERIKARDITIS
RESTRIKTIF, TAMPONADE JANTUNG.
KEKURANGAN PERFUSI:
- SIMPATIS TAKHIKARDIA, VASKONSTRIKSI
PERIFER
- GINJAL ANGIOTENSIN : VASOKONSTRIKSI
PERIFER, ALDOSTERONE : RETENSI NA/AIR
KOMPENSASI AGAR VENOUS RETURN , TETAPI
BEBAN JANTUNG >> (BEBAN TAHANAN/ AFTERLOAD) ,
JANTUNG MAKIN LEMAH (LINGKARAN SETAN / SIRKULASI
VITIOSUS) GAGAL JANTUNG.
(JANTUNG GAGAL UNTUK MEMENUHI KEBUTUHAN
SIRKULASI DARAH DI TUBUH).
KLINIS DC kiri :
KELUHAN BADAN LEMAH, CEPAT LELAH, KERINGAT
DINGIN, PALPITASI, BATUK, DYSPNOE DEFFORT,
ORTOPNOE, PAROXYSMAL NOCTURNAL DYSPNOE,
NOCTURIA.
TANDA-TANDA TAKHIKARDIA, PULSUS ALTERNANS,
GALLOP (B.J. III), RONKI BASAH PARU DI BAGIAN
BASAL.
PND :
Terjadi pada posisi supine, kemudian pasien bangun untuk
Mengurangi sesak nafasnya. Mencetuskan orthopnoe.
Cardiac Asthma.
Disebabkan :
mobilisasi cairan interstisial (pasien edema) dari infratorak
selama berbaring. Sehingga mengakibatkan peningkatan
volume sirkulasi dan peningkatan vena pulmonal
KLINIS DC kanan :
KELUHAN TERUTAMA KELUHAN GASTROINTESTINAL:
KEMBUNG, ANOREKSIA, NAUSEA.
TANDA-TANDA :
BERAT BADAN >>, BENDUNGAN VENA JUGULARIS,
HEPATOMEGALI HEPATO JUGULAR REFLUX +, ASITES
DAN EDEMA TUNGKAI.
Need volume to
increase stretch,
Frank Starling
Contractility
Afterload
Autoregulation
vasopressin
vasodilators: PGI2, NO, adenosine, natriuretic
peptides
KRITERIA MINOR
(H TEBED)
- EDEMA PERGELANGAN
KAKI
- BATUK MALAM HARI
- DYSPNOE DEFFORT
- HEPATOMEGALI
- EFUSI PLEURA
- TAKIKARDIA
GENERAL MEASURESS :
a. DIET : KURANGI KEGEMUKAN, BATASI ASUPAN
GARAM.
b. SMOKING : DILARANG.
c. ALCOHOL : ALCOHOLIC CARDIOMYOPATHY
DILARANG.
d. EXERCISE : LOW LEVEL ENDURANCE MUSCLE
ACTIVITY WALKING : 3-5 x/MGG, 20-30 MENIT
e. REST : HANYA PADA GAGAL JANTUNG AKUT.
FARMAKOLOGI:
Patient monitoring
Vital signs
Acid/base
Oxygenation
Hydration
Renal function
Cardiac output
Nitroglycerine
Diuretics
Loop diuretics
Furosemide (Lasix)
IV (40mg/5ml), IM, PO
Bioavailability poor/variable
Stable in LR, D5W or LR
Typically 40mg 80mg IVP over 1-2 min
Repeat every 1-2 hours as needed
Monitor hemodynamics
Monitor I/O for measure of net fluid loss
Administer potassium as needed in fluids
Ototoxicity, allergy possible
Adrenergic Receptors
Receptor
Agonists
Antagonists
Tissue
Response
Alpha-1
Epi>NE>Iso
prazocin
Contraction
GU
Contraction
Liver
Gluconeogenesis
Heart
Inotropy, arrhythmias
GI
Relaxation
Pancreas
Decreased insulin
Plateletes
Aggregation
Nerve terminals
Decreased NE release
Contraction
Heart
Inotrope, AV velocity
Dobutamine
Juxtaglomerulus
Increased renin
Iso>Epe>NE
Smooth muscle
Relaxation
terbutaline
Alpha-2
Epi>NE>Iso
yohimbine
clonidine
Beta-1
Beta-2
Iso>Epi=NE
metoprolol
Dopamine (Intropin)
Dopamine
200mg/5ml ampule
Premixed 400mg/500mlIV bags
Stable in NS, D5W, LR
200mg in 500ml yields 0.4mg/ml or
400mcg/ml solution
Increase concentration in patients
with volume overload.
Be able to calculate infusion rates!
Dobutamine (Dobutrex)
Phosphodiesterase
inhibitors
Norepinephrine/Epinephrin
e
B2
arrhythmogenic when used alone
TERIMAKSIH