Antivirus FK Unair 2007
Antivirus FK Unair 2007
AntiVirus
Mata Ajar Farmakologi Prodi Pendidikan Dokter Universitas Airlangga
Dripa Sjabana
dripa@fk.unair.ac.id
2007
Virus
Bervariasi dalam hal struktur, organ genom,
ekspresi maupun strategi replikasi dan
transmisinya.
Dapat menginfeksi:
organisme bersel satu seperti mikoplasma,
bakteri, alga
semua binatang atau tanaman tingkat tinggi
tinggi.
Virion
Amplop /
telanjang
Icosahedral Telanjang
Kompleks
Virion
Amplop /
Famili
telanjang
Icosahedral Telanjang Picornaviridae, Astroviridae,
Caliciviridae, Reoviridae
Amplop
Togaviridae
Famili
Parvoviridae,
Papovaviridae,
Adenoviridae
Amplop
Hepadnaviridae,
Herpeviridae
Mantel
kompleks
Poxviridae
Tidak
diketahui /
kompleks
Amplop
Flaviviridae, Arenaviridae,
Coronaviridae, Retroviridae
Coronaviridae
Kompleks
Amplop
Bunyaviridae, Orthomyxoviridae,
Paramyxoviridae, Rhabdoviridae,
Bornaviridae, Filoviridae
Ancaman Virus & Penanggulangannya
50-60% diare p
pada anak yyang
g dirawat di RS
disebabkan oleh rotavirus
Figure 46.2 The mechanisms whereby a CD8+ T cell kills a virus-infected host cell. The
virus-infected host cell expresses a complex of virus peptide plus major histocompatibility
complex class I (MCH-I) product on its surface; this is recognised by the CD8+ T cell, which
then releases lytic enzymes into the virus-infected cell and also expresses a Fas ligand
that triggers apoptosis in the infected cell by stimulating its Fas death receptor.
Ancaman Virus & Penanggulangannya
10
11
12
13
Antiherpes
Klasifikasi Antivirus
Antiherpes & antisitomegalovirus
Antiretrovirus
inhibitor reverse transkriptase nukleosida (NRTI)
Inhibitor reverse transkriptase non-nukleosida (NNRTI)
Inhibitor protease
Antiinfluenza
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Antiretrovirus
Topikal
Topikal, po
po, iv
Inhibisi DNA polimerase virus
Melawan HSV-1, HSV-2, virus varisela-zoster
Anjuran penggunaan obat antiherpes lihat tabel 49.1 hal 132 (Katzung 2004)
15
16
e a a se
setiap
ap menit
e
5 kematian
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Obat Antiretrovirus
Sistem Imun
HIV
nucleoside
cairan tubuh:
darah, air mani, cairan vagina & ASI
Penyakit
I f k i
Infeksi
rusak parah
AIDS
rentan
Zidovudine
Didanosine
Lamivudine
Non-nucleoside
Nevirapine
Delvirdine
Efavirenz
Zalcitabine
Stavudine
Abacavir
2 RTI + 1 PI = tx HIV
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Meninggal
Protease Inhibitor
Saquinavir
Ritonavir
Indinavir
Nelfinavir
Amprenavir
investigasional
Perhatikan & pelajari teks dalam kotak hal 158 (Katzung 2004)
19
20
Antiinfluenza
Amantadine, rimantadine
Zanamivir oseltamivir
Zanamivir,
interferon (non spesifik)
Ribavirin
Palivizumab (ab monoklonal humanis)
Schematic outline of the course of HIV infection. (CD4+ T cell titre is often given as cells/mm3,
which is equivalent to cells x 106 cells/l.) (Adapted from Pantaleo et al. 1993 N Engl J Med 328: 327-335.)
Ancaman Virus & Penanggulangannya
21
Flu Burung
22
(Avian Influenza)
FAQ H5N1
Riwayat H5N1
(www.who.org, 14-10-2005)
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24
25
1. Sterilisasi:
tekanan uap, pemanasan kering, oksidasi ethylene,
irradiasi sinar gamma
2. Disinfeksi permukaan:
natrium hipoklorin, glutaraldehid, formaldehid, asam
priasetik
3. Disinfeksi kulit:
klorheksidin, ethanol 70%, iodophore
4. Produksi vaksin:
formaldehihd, propiolakton beta, psoralen + irradiasi
ultra violet, deterjen (subunit vaksin).
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26
28
Kanker
Papilomavirus
Virus Hepatitis B
Virus HTL
Virus Hepatitis C
Ca hepatoseluler
Virus EB
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30
Bacaan lanjut
Katzung BG ed.(2004). Farmakologi Dasar & Klinik, ed.8,
Jakarta: Salemba Medika, hal.127-162.
buku 3.
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