TOKSIKOLOGI

FORENSIK

Tujuan

Racun adalah suatu zat yang

dimasukkan/kontak dengan tubuh
sehingga dapat menimbulkan gangguan
kesehatan kematian
Contoh tindakan kriminal:
Usaha pembunuhan
Usaha untuk menyebabkan luka serius
Melemahkan korban untuk kriminal
Usaha aborsi ilegal
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Pengumpulan sampel
Bilas lambung
10 ml darah
Urine
Feces
10 mg sodium fluoride/10 ml darah
sebagai engawet dan antyikoagulan

terapetik poison

Organophorus
Inhalasi, absorbsi melalui kulit intak,
membran mukosa, saluran
gastrointestinal
Dosis fatal : paration 80-175 mg
diazinon 1 g /oral
Fatal period : 3-6 jam

otopsi

endrin

Dosis fatal : 5-6 g

Fatal periode : 1-2 jam
Otopsi :
- tanda asp[hyxia
- busa mulut
- mukosa saluran nafas congesti dan
berbuih-kemerahan
Isi lambung berbau minyak tanah
Organ dalam kongesti

Opium

Dosis fatal : opium 2 g, morphin 0,2 g

Fatal periode : 6-12 jam
Otopsi :
Muncul tanda asphyxia
Mulut hidung berbuih
bau khas opium saat pembukaan dada
Kongesti organ dalam

barbiturat
Dosis fatal : short acting 1-2 g. Med act
2-3 g, long acting 3-4 g
Periode fatal : 1- beberapa hari
Temuan otopsi:
- tanda asphyxia
- Butiran putih pada lambung
- Organ dalam kongesti
- Edem Otak, globus palidus lunak, bintik2
perdarahan dalam white matter

Food poisining

Umumnya oleh grup salmonella, selain

itu streptococci, colli, serta shigellan
Biasanya karena memakan makanan yg
diawetkan , misal makanan dalam
kaleng
Otopsi :
mukosa lambung dan usus bengkak &
kongesti, ulkus
Hepar : fatty change

Diagnosis:
- History
- Gejala klinik
- Ditemukan organisme dalam
makanan dan sample
darah/muntahan
- Sisa makanan Hewan coba

Botulism

Otopsi:
- organ dalam kongesti
- PA : organ-organ trombosis
Diagnosis:
Riwayat
Gejala nklinik
ditemukan organisme dalam sampel
makanan

Ditemukan toxin dalam sampel

darah/jaringan
Ditemukan baccillus dalam
muntahan/feses korban

Sianida
Dosis fatal : murni : 50-60 mg, potassium
sianida 200-300 mg
Periode fatal : murni 2-10 menit, potasium
sianida 30 menit
Otopsi :
- Mata dilatasi pupil
- Mulut berbuih, sedikit korosi karena
garam
- Livor mortis warna merah terang
- Kongesti organ-organ dalam

CO
Otopsi:
- Livor mortis warna merah terang
- hidung-mulut berbuih
- Organ dalam kongesti
Diagnosis:
- riwayat
- Ditemukan kandungan CO tinggi

Alkohol

dosis fatal

methanol

Initial symptoms 12-24 hours after

ingestion.
Methanol blood levels peak at 30-90
minutes following ingestion

Neurologic manifestations
disinhibition and ataxia. Following a latent
period, patients may develop headache,
nausea, vomiting, or epigastric pain.
In later stages, drowsiness may rapidly
progress to obtundation and coma.
Seizures may occur as a complication of
the metabolic derangement or as a result
of damage to the brain parenchyma

Vision loss

Formic acid accumulates within the optic

nerve, which results in the classic visual
symptoms of flashes of light and blurring.
Patients initially may present with
diminished visual acuity, which can
progress to scotomata and scintillations.
The frank blindness that develops
sometimes responds to immediate therapy;
however, complete loss of vision is a
common sequela.

General physical examination

As symptoms develop, most signs are

related to metabolic acidosis; these are
manifested as tachycardia, tachypnea,
hypertension, and altered mental status.
Pulmonary edema and acute respiratory
distress may ensue, requiring intubation.

Neurologic examination
ocular findings in patients with methanol
poisoning are prominent during a careful
neurologic examination.
Visual symptoms necessitate a thorough
examination of the fundi. Optic disc
hyperemia occurs early in the course of
methanol intoxication. Pupillary response
to light is compromised and, subsequently,
is lost. Little or no retinal damage is
observed