1.
2.
Irfanto, Asrul [Online]. 2010 [cited 2015 Januari 12]. Manfaat Buah
Gersen/Kersen.htp://asrulirfantosblog.blogspot.com/2009/06/manffatbuah-gersen/kersen.
3.
4.
5.
47
48
6.
7.
Lu, F.C. Toksikologi dasar: Asas, organ, sasaran, dan penilaian resiko.
Ed.ke-2. Penerbit Universitas Indonesia; 1995.p.428
8.
Juli
05].
Avaible
from:
URL:
http://apotekputer.com/ma/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id
=139&Itemid=63
9.
Hartono Andry. Prinsip Diet Penyakit Ginjal, edisi IV. Jakarta: ARAN,
1995.p.1-10
10.
11.
Manfaat berbeda dari buah dan daun Kersen [Online]. 30 September 2013
[cited
2015
Februari
3].
Available
from
www.tabloidcempaka.com/index.php/read/kesehatan/detail/198/ManfaatBerbeda-dari-Buah-dan-Daun-Kersen.
12.
Hatuti A. Uji efek diuretik ekstrak etanol daun kersen (Muntingia calabura
L.) terhadap kadar natrium dan kalium pada urin tikus putih jantan galur
wistar. Ungaran: Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Kesehatan Ngudi Waluyo; 2013.
49
13.
14.
Di Fiore MSH. Ginjal: Korteks dan sebuah Pyramid. In: Eroschenko VP,
editor. Atlas Histologi Manusia. 9th ed. Jakarta: EGC; 2003.p.247
15.
16.
17.
Guyton AC, Hall JE. Ginjal dan cairan tubuh. In: setiawan I, editor. Buku
ajar fisiologi kedokteran. 9th ed. Jakarta: EGC; 1997.p.375-437
18.
Yogjakarta;
2007.p.310.
19.
20.
Wijaya I, Miranti IP. Patologi ginjal & saluran kemih. Semarang: Badan
Penerbit Universitas Diponegoro; 2011.p.49-53.
21.
22.
Wood J. Gout and its Management, The Pharmaceutical Journal vol 262
June 5; 1999.p.808-811.
50
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
The
Safety and Efficacy of Herbal Medicine. Manilla: Reg Office For the
Western Pasific. 1993.p.31-41.
29.
51
30.
52
Lampiran 1
CARA PERHITUNGAN DOSIS
1.
Dosis kersen yang dapat menurunkan tingkat kerusakan sel ginjal pada
mencit Balb/c = 1,3 gr/100grBB.30
Maka dosis kersen untuk mencit dengan berat badan 20 gram adalah :
= 20 gram
=
Berat buah kersen = 235 gram
Berat ekstrak buah kersen = 25,7 gram
Rendemen ekstrak buah kersen
=
=0,109
Dosis ekstrak buah kersen untuk mencit dengan berat badan 20 gram
adalah
= 0,26 gram 0,109
=0,028 gram = 28 mg/20grBB/hari
a.
b.
Perlakuan 1 = 14 mg/20grBB/hari
c.
Perlakuan 2 = 28 mg/20grBB/hari
d.
Perlakuan 3 = 56 mg/20grBB/hari
53
Lampiran 2
PROSEDUR PEMBUATAN PREPARAT HISTOPATOLOGI DENGAN
METODE PARAFIN
A.
1.
2.
a.
b.
1 jam
alkohol 50%
1 jam
alkohol 60%
1 jam
alkohol 70%
1 jam
alkohol 80%
1 jam
alkohol 90%
1 jam
alkohol 96%
1 jam
c.
d.
54
e.
f.
g.
B.
1.
2.
3.
4.
Keringkan.
5.
Parafin yang ada pada kaca objek atau jaringan dihilangkan dengan
dipanaskan dalam oven 60oC atau dengan tungku.
C.
Pewarnaan
2.
3.
4.
55
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
56
Lampiran 3
ETHICAL CLEARANCE
57
Lampiran 4
HASIL KADAR ASAM URAT MENCIT BALB/C
58
Lampiran 5
HASIL PENILAIAN GAMBARAN HISTOPATOLOGI GINJAL MENCIT
BALB/C YANG HIPERURISEMIA
LP1
A
B
5
4
8
7
4
2
6
4
8
9
5
6
6
8
6
4
5
4
5
5
5
8
5
4
2
1
6
4
7
3
4
3
3
4
2
3
3
3
5
5
6
6
6
4
5
4
2
3
5
5
4
3
3
6
4
7
3
4
12
11
LP2
A
B
9
8
7
8
5
4
3
3
9
8
4
5
6
6
8
6
6
5
6
9
5
6
4
6
6
5
7
7
4
6
2
3
2
2
4
5
3
4
9
8
6
5
6
5
4
3
6
5
3
6
2
2
3
6
5
5
4
5
14
14
LP3
A
B
5
4
5
7
5
5
2
4
5
3
9
8
6
7
7
5
7
4
6
7
5
7
5
4
5
4
4
2
3
3
3
3
2
3
3
4
3
5
5
3
3
5
5
7
4
4
3
4
3
4
3
3
2
3
6
5
3
4
9
7
LP4
A
B
5
6
2
4
6
5
4
3
6
6
6
7
9
8
6
4
6
4
5
7
7
6
6
4
3
6
4
4
2
3
6
3
3
4
3
4
5
6
3
3
3
4
12
14
2
2
4
5
3
4
1
2
2
3
7
5
6
5
6
8
LP5
A
B
4
6
4
5
5
5
4
5
6
6
8
6
7
6
5
5
4
4
7
8
4
5
6
6
4
4
3
4
3
4
4
4
4
5
3
3
5
6
4
3
5
4
11
9
3
4
5
4
6
7
2
3
5
4
3
2
6
4
9
12
Jumlah
56,00
57,00
46,00
38,00
66,00
64,00
69,00
56,00
49,00
65,00
58,00
50,00
40,00
45,00
38,00
35,00
32,00
34,00
43,00
48,00
47,00
79,00
35,00
41,00
46,00
25,00
37,00
49,00
44,00
102,00
59
Lampiran 6
KADAR ASAM URAT
kelompok
kontrol 1
kontrol 2
konrol 3
perlakuan 1
perlakuan 2
perlakuan 3
Case Summaries
kadar_asam_urat_1
N
5
Mean
1,400
Std. Deviation
,0000
Minimum
1,4
Median
Maximum
N
Mean
Std. Deviation
Minimum
Median
Maximum
N
Mean
Std. Deviation
Minimum
Median
Maximum
N
Mean
Std. Deviation
Minimum
Median
Maximum
N
Mean
Std. Deviation
Minimum
Median
Maximum
N
Mean
Std. Deviation
1,400
1,4
5
2,000
,0000
2,0
2,000
2,0
5
1,400
,0000
1,4
1,400
1,4
5
3,420
1,6223
2,0
2,800
5,4
5
2,600
,4743
2,0
2,800
3,1
5
2,280
,3033
kadar_asam_urat_2
5
1,700
,6708
1,4
1,400
2,9
5
2,000
,0000
2,0
2,000
2,0
5
1,400
,0000
1,4
1,400
1,4
5
1,400
,0000
1,4
1,400
1,4
5
1,620
,4919
1,4
1,400
2,5
5
1,400
,0000
60
Total
Minimum
Median
Maximum
N
Mean
Std. Deviation
Minimum
Median
Maximum
2,0
2,200
2,6
30
2,183
,9588
1,4
2,000
5,4
1,4
1,400
1,4
30
1,587
,3812
1,4
1,400
2,9
Descriptives
Descriptivesa,b,c,d,e,f,g
kelompok
Mean
95% Confidence Interval for
Mean
Lower
Bound
Upper
Bound
5% Trimmed Mean
Median
perlakuan 1 Variance
Std. Deviation
Minimum
kadar_asam_urat_1
Maximum
Range
Interquartile Range
Skewness
Kurtosis
Mean
perlakuan 2
Statistic
3,420
1,406
5,434
3,389
2,800
2,632
1,6223
2,0
5,4
3,4
3,2
,492
-2,867
2,600
Lower
Bound
Upper
Bound
Std. Error
,725
2,011
3,189
2,606
,91
2,00
,212
61
Median
Variance
Std. Deviation
Minimum
Maximum
Range
Interquartile Range
Skewness
Kurtosis
2,800
,225
,4743
2,0
3,1
1,1
,9
-,468
-2,385
Mean
95% Confidence Interval for
Mean
Lower
Bound
Upper
Bound
2,280
1,903
2,278
2,200
,092
,3033
2,0
2,6
Range
Interquartile Range
Skewness
Kurtosis
Mean
,6
,6
,315
-3,081
1,700
,867
kadar_asam_urat_2 kontrol 1
,135
2,657
5% Trimmed Mean
Median
perlakuan 3 Variance
Std. Deviation
Minimum
Maximum
Lower
Bound
Upper
Bound
,91
2,00
2,533
5% Trimmed Mean
Median
1,650
1,400
Variance
Std. Deviation
Minimum
Maximum
Range
,450
,6708
1,4
2,9
1,5
,91
2,00
,300
62
Interquartile Range
Skewness
Kurtosis
Mean
95% Confidence Interval for
Mean
Lower
Bound
Upper
Bound
,8
2,236
5,000
1,620
1,009
,91
2,00
,220
2,231
5% Trimmed Mean
1,583
Median
perlakuan 2 Variance
Std. Deviation
Minimum
Maximum
Range
Interquartile Range
Skewness
Kurtosis
1,400
,242
,4919
1,4
2,5
1,1
,6
2,236
5,000
,91
2,00
63
64
kelompok
perlakuan 1
kadar_asam_urat_1 perlakuan 2
perlakuan 3
kontrol 1
kadar_asam_urat_2
perlakuan 2
Tests of Normalitya,b,c,f,g,h,i
Kolmogorov-Smirnovd
Shapiro-Wilk
Statistic
df
Sig.
Statistic
df
Sig.
*
,249
5
,200
,832
5
,144
*
,263
5
,200
,900
5
,410
*
,254
5
,200
,803
5
,086
,473
5
,001
,552
5
,000
,473
5
,001
,552
5
,000
Uji Friedman
Ranks
kadar_asam_urat_
1
kadar_asam_urat_
2
Mean
Rank
1,73
1,27
Test Statisticsa
N
30
Chi-Square
12,250
df
1
Asymp.
,000
Sig.
a. Friedman Test
65
group
k1 pretest
asam_urat k1 posttest
Total
Test Statisticsa
asam_urat
10,000
25,000
-1,000
,317
,690b
Mann-Whitney U
Wilcoxon W
Z
Asymp. Sig. (2-tailed)
Exact Sig. [2*(1-tailed
Sig.)]
a. Grouping Variable: group
b. Not corrected for ties.
Kontrol 2
group_K2
k2 pretest
Ranks
N
asam_urat_k2 k2_posttest
Total
5
10
Test Statisticsa
asam_urat_k2
Mann-Whitney U
12,500
Wilcoxon W
27,500
Z
,000
Asymp. Sig. (2-tailed)
1,000
Exact Sig. [2*(1-tailed
1,000b
Sig.)]
a. Grouping Variable: group_K2
b. Not corrected for ties.
Kontrol 3
5,50
27,50
66
GROUP_k3
K3 PRETEST
K3
asam_urat_k3
POSTTEST
Total
Ranks
N
Test Statisticsa
asam_urat_k3
Mann-Whitney U
12,500
Wilcoxon W
27,500
Z
,000
Asymp. Sig. (2-tailed)
1,000
Exact Sig. [2*(1-tailed
1,000b
Sig.)]
a. Grouping Variable: GROUP_k3
b. Not corrected for ties.
Perlakuan 1
GROUP_p1
P1 PRETEST
P1
asam_urat_p1
POSTTEST
Total
Ranks
N
Test Statisticsa
asam_urat_p1
Mann-Whitney U
,000
Wilcoxon W
15,000
Z
-2,795
Asymp. Sig. (2-tailed)
,005
Exact Sig. [2*(1-tailed
,008b
Sig.)]
a. Grouping Variable: GROUP_p1
b. Not corrected for ties.
67
Perlakuan 2
GROUP_p2
P2 PRETEST
p2
asam_urat_p2
POSTTEST
Total
Ranks
N
Test Statisticsa
asam_urat_p2
Mann-Whitney U
2,000
Wilcoxon W
17,000
Z
-2,263
Asymp. Sig. (2-tailed)
,024
Exact Sig. [2*(1-tailed
,032b
Sig.)]
a. Grouping Variable: GROUP_p2
b. Not corrected for ties.
Perlakuan 3
GROUP_p
3
P3 Pretest
asam_urat_p3 p3 posttest
Total
Ranks
N
5
5
10
Test Statisticsa
asam_urat_p3
Mann-Whitney U
,000
Wilcoxon W
15,000
Z
-2,805
Asymp. Sig. (2-tailed)
,005
Exact Sig. [2*(1-tailed
,008b
Sig.)]
a. Grouping Variable: GROUP_p3
8,00
3,00
40,00
15,00
68
Uji Wilcoxon
Ranks
N
kadar_asam_urat_2 kadar_asam_urat_1
Test Statisticsa
kadar_asam_
urat_2 kadar_asam_
urat_1
Z
-2,881b
Asymp. Sig. (2,004
tailed)
Negativ
e Ranks
Positiv
e Ranks
Ties
Total
15a
1b
14c
30
123,50
12,50
69
Lampiran 7
Gambaran Histopatologi Ginjal Mencit Balb/c yang Hiperurisemia
Kelompok
Kontrol 1
kontrol 2
kontrol 3
perlakuan
Jumlah_hp 1
perlakuan
2
perlakuan
3
Total
N
Percent
5 100,0%
5 100,0%
5
5
100,0%
100,0%
0
0
0,0%
0,0%
5 100,0%
5 100,0%
100,0%
0,0%
5 100,0%
100,0%
0,0%
5 100,0%
Descriptives
Kelompok
Statistic
Mean
95% Confidence Interval for
Mean
Jumlah_hp Kontrol 1
Lower
Bound
Upper
Bound
52,6000
39,1808
Std.
Error
4,83322
66,0192
5% Trimmed Mean
Median
Variance
Std. Deviation
52,6667
56,0000
116,800
10,80740
Minimum
Maximum
Range
Interquartile Range
Skewness
38,00
66,00
28,00
19,50
-,287
,913
70
Kurtosis
Mean
95% Confidence Interval for
Mean
kontrol 2
60,7778
64,0000
64,300
Std. Deviation
Minimum
Maximum
Range
Interquartile Range
Skewness
Kurtosis
Mean
8,01873
49,00
69,00
20,00
14,50
-,760
-,731
46,2000
36,1740
Lower
Bound
Upper
Bound
46,0000
45,0000
65,200
8,07465
38,00
58,00
20,00
15,00
,717
Kurtosis
Mean
-,473
38,4000
29,9512
,913
2,000
3,61109
56,2260
5% Trimmed Mean
Median
Variance
Std. Deviation
Minimum
Maximum
Range
Interquartile Range
Skewness
Lower
Bound
Upper
Bound
2,000
3,58608
70,5566
5% Trimmed Mean
Median
Variance
kontrol 3
Lower
Bound
Upper
Bound
-,662
60,6000
50,6434
46,8488
,913
2,000
3,04302
71
5% Trimmed Mean
Median
Variance
Std. Deviation
Minimum
Maximum
Range
Interquartile Range
Skewness
38,2222
35,0000
46,300
6,80441
32,00
48,00
16,00
12,50
,788
Kurtosis
Mean
-1,512
49,6000
28,3534
Lower
Bound
Upper
Bound
5% Trimmed Mean
Median
perlakuan 2 Variance
Std. Deviation
Minimum
2,000
7,65245
70,8466
48,7778
46,0000
292,800
17,11140
35,00
Maximum
Range
Interquartile Range
Skewness
Kurtosis
Mean
95% Confidence Interval for
Mean
,913
Lower
Bound
Upper
Bound
79,00
44,00
25,00
1,796
,913
3,639
2,000
51,4000 13,27629
14,5391
88,2609
50,0556
44,0000
881,300
29,68670
25,00
102,00
72
Range
Interquartile Range
Skewness
Kurtosis
Kelompok
Kontrol 1
kontrol 2
kontrol 3
perlakuan
Jumlah_hp 1
perlakuan
2
perlakuan
3
77,00
44,50
1,716
3,406
Tests of Normality
Kolmogorov-Smirnova
Shapiro-Wilk
Statistic
df
Sig.
Statistic
df
Sig.
*
,223
5
,200
,968
5
,861
*
,264
5
,200
,930
5
,596
*
,179
5
,200
,946
5
,708
,291
5
,192
,886
5
,335
,360
,033
,804
,088
,332
,075
,829
,138
,913
2,000
73
ANOVA
Jumlah_hp
Between
Groups
Within Groups
Total
Sum of
Squares
1350,000
5866,800
7216,800
df
5
24
29
Mean
Square
270,000
244,450
F
1,105
Sig.
,384
74
Lampiran 8
DOKUMENTASI PENELITIAN
a. Mencit Balb/c
b. Buah Kersesn
75
76
Lampiran 9
BIODATA MAHASISWA
Identitas
Nama
: Ida Kholifaturokhmah
NIM
: 22010111110151
: Perempuan
Alamat
Nomor HP
: 085799781231
: Rokhmahida@gmail.com
: SD Negeri 2 Balun
2. SMP
3. SMA
Masuk Tahun:2011
Keanggotaan Organisasi
1. Rohis FK Universitas Diponegoro
Tahun: 2013/2014
Tahun: 2008/2009
Tahun: 2005/2006