Gambar 2. Syndecan
Gambar 3. Agreccan
Gambar 26. Ikatan N-glukosamin antara GlcNAc dan nitrogen amida pada Asn
Gambar 27. Jalur sintesis untuk pembentukan UDP-Gula dan PAPs
Gambar 28. Ringkasan struktur glikosaminoglikan dan pelekatanya pada protein inti
Gambar 29. Sifat Utama Glikosaminoglikan
Gambar 41. Gambaran fungsi IdoA pada DS/CS. (A) peran IdoA pada penyimpanan sitokin growth
factor, (B) Borreliainfection, (C) atherosclerosis, (D) koagulasi, (E) P-selectin-dependent
leukocyte recruitment, (F) pengaktifan sitokin dan reseptor growth factor, dan (G)
pengarahan leukosit oleh ICAM.
Gambar 42. Struktur Keratan Sulfat
Barry FP et al. 1995. N- and O-linked keratan sulfate on the hyaluronan binding region of
aggrecan from mature and immature bovine cartilage. J Biol Chem 270: 20516-20524.
Fraser JRE, Laurent TC, Laurent UBG. 1997 .Hyaluronan: Its nature,distribution, functions
and turnover. J Int Med 242: 27-33.
Harris ED et al. 2005. Structure and Function of Bone, Joints, and Connective Tissue.
Kelley's Textbook of Rheumatology. 7th ed.
Iozzo RV. 1998. Matrix proteoglycans: from molecular design to cellular function. Annual
Review of Biochemistry 671: 609-652.
Jiang, Dianhua, Jiurong Liang , Paul W. Noble. 2010. Hyaluronan as an Immune Regulator
in Human Diseases. Physiological Reviews Published 1 January 2011Vol. 91no. 221-
264DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00052.2009.
Kelly SG. 1998. The Role of Glucosamine Sulfate and Chondroitin Sulfates in the Treatment
of Degenerative Joint Disease. Alt Med Rev 3: 27-39.
Koolman,J dan Roehm, K.H,. 2005. Color Atlas of Biochemistry. New york : Thieme
Stuttgart.
Kuc IM, Scott PG. 1997. Increased diameters of collagen fibrils precipitated in vitro in the
presence of decorin from various connective tissues. Conn Tissue Res 41:287-296.
Lauder RM et al. 1997. The structure of the keratan sulfate chains attached to fibromodulins
from human. Glycoconj J 14: 651-660.
Lippiello L. 2003. Glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate: biological response modifiers of
chondrocytes under simulated conditions of joint stress. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 11:
335-342.
Lyle S et al. 1994. Rat chondrosarcoma ATP sulfurylase and adenosine 50-phosphosulfate
kinase reside on a single bifunctional protein. Biochemistry 33: 59205925.
Meena. Farid,et al. 2011. Hyaluronic Acid and Derivatives for Tissue Engineering. J
Biotechnol Biomaterial S3:001.
Morgelin M et al. 1998. Cartilage proteoglycans: Assembly with hyaluronate and link protein
as studied by electron microscopy. Biochem J 253: 175-185.
Murray,RK et al. 2009. Harpers Illustrated Biochemistry 27th Edition. New York : Medical
Publishing Division.
Nelson, David and Michael M. 2008. Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry 5th edition. New
York: W.H.Freeman And Company.
Polykratis et al. 2004. Identification of heparin affin regulatory peptide domain with potential
role on angiogenesis. The international Journal of biochemistry and cell biology 36:
1954-1966.
Saliba M.J. 2001 Heparin In The Treatment Of Burns: Review Jurnal International Society
For Burn Injury. 27:349-358.
Sandy JD et al. 1990. Isolation and characterization of disulfide-bonded peptides from the
three globular domains of aggregating cartilage proteoglycan. J Biol Chem 265: 21108-
21113.
Setnikar I et al. 1993. Pharmacokinetics of glucosamine in man. Arzneim Forsch 43: 1109-
1113.
Silbert JE, Sugumaran G. 2002. Biosynthesis of Chondroitin/Dermatan Sulfate. Life 54: 177
186.
Svensson L et al. 1995. Decorin binding sites for collagen type I are mainly located in leucine
rich repeats 4-5. J Biol Chem 270: 20712-20716.
Tammi RH, Kultti A, Kosma VM, Pirinen R, Auvinen P, et al. 2008. Hyaluronan in human
tumors: pathobiological and prognostic messages from cell-associated and stromal
hyaluronan. Semin Cancer Biol 18: 288-295.
Thelin M.A, et al. 2013. Biologica function of iduronoic acid in chondroitin/dermatan sulfate.
Journal the FEBS. 280: 2431-2446.
Trowbridge J.M. dan Gallo R.L. 2002. Dermatan sulfate: new functions from an old
glycosaminoglycan. Mini review. Glycobiology. 12 (IX): 117R125R.
Varki A. et al. 2009. Essentials of Glycobiology. Cold Spring Harbor (NY): Cold Spring
Harbor Laboratory Press. ISBN-10: 0-87969-559-5.
Xinhua Lin. 2004. Functions of heparan sulfate proteoglycans in cell signaling during
development. Review. 6009-6021.