TEMPLATE LATEX
UNTUK SKRIPSI S1
JURUSAN MATEMATIKA
OLEH
M. IMRAN
JURUSAN MATEMATIKA
FAKULTAS MATEMATIKA DAN ILMU PENGETAHUAN ALAM
UNIVERSITAS RIAU
PEKANBARU
Juli 2013
HALAMAN PENGESAHAN
ii
KATA PENGANTAR
Syukur Alhamdulillah, Manual Template LATEX untuk Skripsi S1, Jurusan Matema-
tika, Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam (FMIPA), Universitas Riau
dapat diselesaikan revisi penyusunannya sesuai dengan rencana.
Dalam penyusunan Template ini, yang menjadi acuan utama adalah format Skrip-
si S1 yang telah ditetapkan FMIPA Universitas Riau melalui kesepakatan antar Ju-
rusan di lingkungan FMIPA Universitas Riau dan mengacu kepada ketentuan umum
yang ditetapkan oleh Universitas Riau. Bagian awal modul ini mengacu kepada artikel
Dulimarta, H. 2001. Pengenalan TEX dan LATEX http://www.egr.msu.edu/ dulimart,
23 Januari 2001. pk. 08.20, dimana penyusun mengambil inti sari LATEX.
Penyajian dalam modul ini difokuskan pada contoh tanpa keterangan, karena sa-
saran modul ini adalah untuk menulis skripsi dalam LATEX sesuai dengan format yang
telah ditetapkan oleh FMIPA Universitas Riau. Dalam menggunakan cara tercepat
bukanlah dengan mengetik ulang setiap contoh, tetapi dengan mengcopi contoh yang
ada di manual dari pdf-file manual yang disertakan pada CD terlampir , kemudian
memodifikasi sesuai dengan keperluan pengguna. Di dalam CD terlampir juga peng-
guna dapatkan softfile template LATEX untuk Skripsi S1 Jurusan Matematika dan juga
template LATEX untuk pembuatan artikel yang diperlukan sebagai persyaratan ujian
sarjana di Jurusan Matematika. Selanjutnya jika pengguna ingin mendalami LATEX,
silakan lihat referensi diakhir manual ini.
Pembuatan LATEX Template ini terlaksana berkat bantuan dan dukungan moral
dari teman-teman sejawat di Jurusan Matematika FMIPA Universitas Riau serta
sumbang saran dari Mahasiswa pengguna ketika draft pertama diluncurkan diawal
semester tahun ajaran 2012/2013.
Usaha maksimal sudah penyusun lakukan, tetapi jika pengguna menemukan hal-
hal yang perlu disempurnakan dapat menghubungi penyusun via email di mimr-
an@unri.ac.id atau mimranur@gmail.com.
iii
DAFTAR ISI
HALAMAN PENGESAHAN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ii
KATA PENGANTAR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iii
DAFTAR ISI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iii
1. PENDAHULUAN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1.1 Teks, Commands dan Comments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1.2 Struktur Dokumen LATEX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
1.3 Kelas Dokumen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
1.4 Packages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
1.5 Proses Menghasilkan Dokumen LATEX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
1.6 Menukar Spasi di LATEX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
2. PERSAMAAN DAN EKSPRESI MATEMATIKA . . . . . . 5
2.1 Standar LATEXe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
2.2 Beberapa Kesamaan dan Ketaksamaan Rumit . . . . . . . . . . . 7
2.3 Binomial . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
2.4 Teorema Taylor Dua Variabel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
3. MATRIKS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
3.1 Sistem Persamaan Linear . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
4. TABEL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
4.1 Tabel Standar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
4.2 Tabel Yang Memerlukan Paket Khusus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
4.3 Tabel Komputasi Numerik . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
4.4 Tabel Masalah Transportasi pada OR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
5. ALGORITHMA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
6. GAMBAR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
6.1 Menggambar Langsung di LATEX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
6.2 Mengimport Gambar dari Matlab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
6.3 Mengimport Gambar dari Maple . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
6.4 Gambar Tunggal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
6.5 Gambar Ganda . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
6.6 Menampilkan Empat Gambar Pada Satu Bidang . . . . . . . . . 35
7. SIMBOL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
7.1 Huruf Latin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
7.2 Operasi Biner . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
7.3 Simbol Relasi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
7.4 Notasi Tanda Baca . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
7.5 Simbol Panah . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
7.6 Simbol Campuran . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
7.7 Simbol Dengan Ukuran Bervariasi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
7.8 Simbol Sejenis log . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
7.9 Delimiters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
7.10 Delimiters Besar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
7.11 Aksen Math Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
7.12 Beberapa Konstruksi Lain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
7.13 AMS Delimiters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
7.14 Simbol Panah AMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
7.15 Simbol Negasi Panah AMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
iv
7.16 Simbol Latin AMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
7.17 Simbol Hebrew AMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
7.18 Simbol Campuran AMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
7.19 Simbol Operator Biner AMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
7.20 Relasi Negasi Biner AMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
7.21 Simbol Relasi Biner AMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
7.22 stmaryrd Delimiters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
7.23 Bentuk-bentuk Panah stmaryrd . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
7.24 Perluasan Simbol Pada stmaryrd . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
7.25 Operator Biner stmaryrd . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
7.26 Operator Biner Ukuran Besar stmaryrd . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
7.27 Relasi Biner stmaryrd . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
7.28 Relasi Negasi Biner stmaryrd . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
7.29 Model Alphabet Matematika . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
8. MELAMPIRKAN PROGRAM DALAM BENTUK ASLINYA 46
9. MENYIAPKAN PDF-FILE UNTUK PERPUSTAKAAN UNI-
VERSITAS RIAU . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
10. TEMPLATE SKRIPSI PROGRAM STUDI S1 MATEMA-
TIKA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
10.1 Skripsi class . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
10.2 Format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
10.3 Bagian Kepala . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
10.4 Batang Tubuh Skripsi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
10.5 Bab 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
10.6 Bab 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
10.7 Bab 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
10.8 Bab 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
10.9 Daftar Pustaka . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
10.10Lampiran . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
BIBLIOGRAFI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
i
BAB 1
PENDAHULUAN
Untuk dapat dipergunakan modul Tamplate LATEX ini dengan baik pada bagian ini
diberikan secara singkat pengenalan LATEX sebagai pengolah kata, yang banyak digu-
nakan pada komposisi sains.
File LATEX memuat teks input, yang diproses untuk menghasilkan outout yang akan di
print. LATEX melakukan format sesuai dengan format yang dipilih, bukan berdasarkan
bagaimana kita meng-input teks dan membentuk paragraf. Paragraf baru di LATEX
akan dimulai bila jarak antara teks pertama dengan teks ke dua memuat satu baris
kosong.
Commands di LATEX selalu dimulai dengan \ atau karakter tertentu yang tidak
dapat dijadikan karakter. Sedangkan comments di LATEX selalu dimulai dengan %.
Contoh 1.1.1
% Contoh input dengan hasil satu paragraf.
{\LaTeX} melakukan format sesuai dengan
format yang dipilih, bukan berdasarkan bagaimana
kita meng-{\em input} teks dan membentuk paragraf.
Paragraf baru di {\LaTeX} akan dimulai bila
jarak antara teks pertama dengan teks ke
dua memuat satu baris kosong.
Output
LATEX melakukan format sesuai dengan format yang dipilih, bukan berdasarkan ba-
gaimana kita meng-input teks dan membentuk paragraf. Paragraf baru di LATEX akan
dimulai bila jarak antara teks pertama dengan teks ke dua memuat satu baris kosong.
Contoh 1.1.2
% Contoh input dengan hasil dua paragraf.
{\LaTeX} melakukan format sesuai dengan
format yang dipilih, bukan berdasarkan bagaimana
kita meng-{\em input} teks dan membentuk paragraf.
1
1.2 Struktur Dokumen LATEX
1 Sebuah dokumen LATEX memiliki struktur yang dicirikan dengan blok yang diapit
oleh pasangan perintah
\begin
dan
\end.
Setiap dokumen harus dimulai dengan perintah
\documentclass{...}
untuk menyatakan jenis dokumen yang akan diolah. Jenis dokumen ini dapat berupa
buku, artikel, laporan, transparansi, thesis, dsb. Badan utama dokumen dituliskan
di antara pasangan
\begin{document}
dan
\end{document}
Struktur global sebuah dokumen LATEX ditunjukkan pada Contoh 1.2.1.
Diantara pasangan \begin{document} dan \end{document} dapat dituliskan
teks biasa maupun perintah-perintah LATEX. Dalam Contoh 1.2.1, \LaTeX adalah
sebuah perintah LATEX.
Untuk memudahkan berbagai keperluan penulisan dokumen, LATEX2e menyedi-
akan sejumlah makro/perintah yang didefinisikan di dalam sebuah package. Penulis
dokumen dapat menyertakan package yang diperlukannya dengan menuliskan perin-
tah
\usepackage{...}
di antara perintah \documentclass{...} dan \begin{document}.
Sebagai contoh, bagian awal dokumen yang sedang anda baca ini mengandung
perintahperintah seperti yang terlihat pada Contoh 1.2.2.
Contoh 1.2.1
\documentclass{article}
\begin{document}
Ini adalah contoh sebuah
dokumen \LaTeX.
\end{document}
Contoh 1.2.2
\documentclass[11pt,twocolumn]{article}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage[bahasa]{babel}
\usepackage{float}
\usepackage{hthtml}
\usepackage{moreverb}
\usepackage{texnames}
\title{Pengenalan {\TeX} dan \LaTeX}
\author{{\sl Hans Dulimarta}\\[5mm]
http://www.egr.msu.edu/\~{}dulimart}
\begin{document}
1
Bagian ini secara lengkap diambil dari [1]
2
\maketitle
\tableofcontents
\section{Apakah \TeX ?}
{\TeX} merupakan perangkat lunak pengolah
dokumen yang terutama ditujukan
menghasilkan dokumen yang berisi
Sebuah perintah \usepackage dapat menyertakan beberapa paket sekaligus. Da-
lam hal ini nama paket dipisahkan oleh karakter ,. Penyertaan paket pada Con-
toh 1.2.2 dapat dituliskan sebagai:
\usepackage[bahasa]{babel}
\usepackage{a4wide,amsmath,float}
\usepackage{hthtml,moreverb,texnames}
Setiap dokumen LATEX harus mempunyai suatu preamble dan body. preamble terletak
antara \documentclass{} dan \begin{document}. body terletak antara \begin{document}
dan \end{document}. Struktur umum dokumen LATEX dapat disajikan sebagai beri-
kut:
\documentclass[option]{class}
preamble, berisikan command global dan spesifikasi yang diinginkan
\begin{document}
body, berisikan teks dan command yang berpengaruh lokal saja
\end{document}
1.4 Packages
3
untuk setiap paket yang disertakan. Dalam Contoh 1.2.2, paket babel disertakan
dengan kata kunci bahasa. Paket ini yang memberikan fasilitas multi lingual sehing-
ga misalnya nama bulan pada perintah \today yang dituliskan pada bagian judul
dokumen ini muncul dalam bahasa Indonesia sebagai 23 Januari 2001 bukan seba-
gai January 23, 2001, serta perintah \tableofcontents secara otomatis menuliskan
judul Daftar Isi.
Setelah dilakukan pengetikan dengan text editor, misalnya emacs dengan menggunak-
an salah satu class seperti dijelaskan pada bagian 1.2 dan memberi nama file tersebut
dengan sesuatu yang mempunyai ektensi .tex, maka diperlukan pengcompilean file
tersebut dengan mengklik pop menu command untuk merun LATEX atau mengetik
latex namafile.tex, di terminal.
Hasil proses pengcompilean menghasilkan file filename.dvi, yang selanjutnya
dapat dilihat dengan menggunakan program Yap untuk Windows atau xdvi untuk Li-
nux dan Unix. Untuk mengkonversi filename.dvi ke file postscript dapat digunakan
command dvips yang tersedia di pop menu command atau dengan mengetik
dvips namafile.dvi, di terminal.
Untuk menukar spasi LATEX yang paling sederhana adalah menggunakan package
setspace.
Gunakan \singlespacing jika jarak antar baris berspasi spasi tunggal
Gunakan \doublespacing jika jarak antar baris berspasi spasi ganda
Gunakan \onehalfspacing jika jarak antar baris berspasi spasi satu setengah.
Penukaran spasi menjadi dua spasi diantara paragraph/kalimat dapat juga dila-
kukan dengan menggunakan
\setstretch{baselinestretch}{2}.
Penukaran kembali menjadi satu setengah spasi dapat dilakukan dengan
\setstretch{baselinestretch}{1.5}.
Penukaran spasi dengan berbagai ukuran seperti spasi dua setengah dapat juga
dilakukan dengan menggunakan
\begin{spacing}{2.5}
...
\end{spacing}.
4
BAB 2
Pada bagian ini diberikan beberapa cara menghasilkan ekspresi dan persamaan ma-
tematika dengan menggunakan standar LATEXe, yaitu tanpa menggunakan paket lain
yang tersedia.
Contoh 2.1.1
Penyelesaikan sistem $Ax=b$, dengan $A$ matrik
bujur sangkar berorde n (real atau komplek),
$b$ adalah vektor kolom dengan $n$ komponen,
dan $x$ adalah vektor kolom dengan $n$ komponen
yang akan ditentukan.
Output
Penyelesaikan sistem Ax = b, dengan A matrik bujur sangkar berorde n (real
atau komplek), b adalah vektor kolom dengan n komponen, dan x adalah vektor
kolom dengan n komponen yang akan ditentukan.
Contoh 2.1.2
Misalkan $f\in \mathcal{C}^n[a,b]$\ dan $P_{n-1}(x)$
adalah polinomial berderajat $\leq n-1$ yang
menginterpolasi fungsi $f$ pada $[a,b]$. Untuk
setiap $x\in [a,b]$ $\exists $ $\xi \in (a,b)\ni $
Output
Misalkan f C n [a, b] dan Pn1 (x) adalah polinomial berderajat n 1 yang
menginterpolasi fungsi f pada [a, b]. Untuk setiap x [a, b] (a, b)
Contoh 2.1.3
\[
\sum_{i=1}^n i=\frac{n(n+1)}{2}, \qquad
\sum_{i=1}^ni^2=\frac{n(n+1)(2n+1)}{6}.
\]
Output
n
X n
X
n(n + 1) n(n + 1)(2n + 1)
i= , i2 = .
2 6
i=1 i=1
5
Contoh 2.1.4
\[
x_1 + x_2+ \cdots + x_n \quad\mbox{bukan}
\quad x_1+x_2+ \ldots + x_n
\]
Output
x1 + x2 + + xn bukan x1 + x2 + . . . + xn
3. Cara lain untuk menyajikan ekspresi matematika secara display yang tidak
memerlukan nomor persamaan adalah dengan menempatkan ekspersi tersebut
diantara tanda \begin{equation*} dan \end{equation*}.
Contoh 2.1.5
\begin{equation*}
D e^{(k)} =Le^{(k)}+Ue^{(k-1)},\quad\mbox{dengan}
\quad e^{(k)}=x ^{(k)}-x.
\end{equation*}
Output
Contoh 2.1.6
\begin{equation*}
y_{n+1}=y_n+\frac h{24}(9\widehat{y}_{n+1}^{\prime }
+19y_n^{\prime}-5y_{n-1}^{\prime }+y_{n-2}^{\prime }).
\end{equation*}
Output
h
yn+1 = yn + y + 19yn 5yn1
(9b
+ yn2 ).
24 n+1
4. Untuk menyajikan formula matematika dalam bentuk display yang memerlukan
nomor persamaan untuk nomor tunggal dapat digunakan contoh berikut:
Contoh 2.1.7
\begin{equation}
f(x)-P_n(x)=\dfrac{1}{(n+1)!}f^{(n+1)}(\xi_x)
\prod_{i=0}^n{(x-x_i)}.\label{errorint.1}
\end{equation}
Output
nY
1
f (x) Pn (x) = f (n+1) (x ) (x xi ). (2.1)
(n + 1)!
i=0
6
5. \begin{equation}\label{eq221}
\left.\begin{array}{rl}
u(x_i+h,t_j)=&\,u(x_i,t_j)+h\dfrac{\partial u}{\partial x}(x_i,t_j)
+\dfrac{h^2}{2}\dfrac{\partial^2 u}{\partial x^2}(x_i,t_j)\\
&\,+\dfrac{h^3}{6}\dfrac{\partial^3 u}{\partial x^3}(x_i,t_j)
+\dfrac{h^4}{24}\dfrac{\partial^4 u}{\partial x^4}(\xi_i,t_j)
\end{array}\right \}
\end{equation}
Output
u h2 2 u
u(xi + h, tj ) = u(xi , tj ) + h (xi , tj ) + (xi , tj )
3 3
x 4 4
2 x2 (2.2)
h u h u
+ 3
(xi , tj ) + (i , tj )
6 x 24 x4
Contoh 2.2.1
\begin{equation}
|v|_{0,r} \leq C|v|^{1-\mu}_{0,p} \|v\|^\mu_{m,p},
\quad \mbox{ berlaku untuk }
r\in
\begin{cases}
\mbox{$[p,\infty]$}& \mbox{ if } m-\frac{d}{p} > 0,\\
\mbox{$[p,\infty)$} &\mbox{ if } m-\frac{d}{p} = 0,\\
\mbox{$[p,-\frac{d}{m-d/p}]$}&\mbox{ if } m-\frac{d}{p} < 0.
\end{cases}\label{gagliar}
\end{equation}
Output
d
[p, ]
if m p > 0,
1
|v|0,r C|v|0,p kvkm,p , berlaku untuk r [p, ) if m d
p = 0, (2.3)
d d
[p, md/p ] if m p < 0.
Contoh 2.2.2
\begin{align*}
\|\chi \|_{L^{q}(0,T;W^{m,p}(\Omega))}=&
\begin{cases}
\mbox{$\left(\displaystyle{\int_0^T} \|\chi(\cdot,t) \|^q_{m,p} dt
\right )^{1/q}$} &\quad\mbox{for}\;\;1 \leq q < \infty,\\
\mbox{$\displaystyle{\operatornamewithlimits{ess\,sup}_{t\in
(0,T)}}\|\chi(\cdot,t) \|_{m,p}$}& \quad\mbox{for}\;\; q=\infty.\\
\end{cases}
\end{align*}
7
Output
Z 1/q
T
k(, t)kqm,p dt for 1 q < ,
kkLq (0,T ;W m,p ()) = 0
ess supk(, t)km,p for q = .
t(0,T )
Contoh 2.2.3
\begin{align*}
\bigg| \int_\Omega f g \eta dx \bigg|
&\leq |u-v|_0\;|u^m v^{n-m}|_{0,3}\;|\eta|_{0,6},\\
&\leq |u-v|_0\;\;|\eta|_{0,6}
\begin{cases}
|u|_{0,6}^2\;&\mbox{for}\;\;m=2,\\
|u|_{0,6}\;|v|_{0,6} \;&\mbox{for}\;\;m=1,\\
|v|_{0,6}^2 \;&\mbox{for}\;\;m=0,\\
\end{cases}\\
&\leq C |u-v|_0\; \|u\|_1^m\; \|v\|_1^{n-m}\; \|\eta\|_1,
\end{align*}
Output
Z
f gdx |u v|0 |um v nm |0,3 ||0,6 ,
2
|u|0,6 for m = 2,
|u v|0 ||0,6 |u|0,6 |v|0,6 for m = 1,
2
|v|0,6 for m = 0,
nm
C|u v|0 kukm
1 kvk1 kk1 ,
Contoh 2.2.4
\begin{equation}
\left .\begin{array}{rclcc}
P^k v &\!=\!& \sum_{j=1}^k(v,z_j)z_j & \quad \forall \eta^k \in V^k, &\\
(P^k v-v, \eta^k) &\!=\!& (\nabla (P^kv-v),\nabla \eta^k)=0 & \quad
\forall \eta^k \in V^k, &\\
\|P^k\|_{{\mathcal L}(H^1,V^k)}&\!=\!&\|P^k\|_{{\mathcal L}(L^2,V^k)}=1.& &
\end{array} \right \}\label{2B0004}
\end{equation}
Output
Pk
P kv = j=1 (v, zj )zj k V k ,
(P v v, ) = ((P k v v), k ) = 0
k k k V k , (2.4)
kP k kL(H 1 ,V k ) = kP k kL(L2 ,V k ) = 1.
Contoh 2.2.5
\begin{align}
8
|(I-\pi^h)v^r|_{0,1} \leq &
\begin{cases}
\displaystyle{\;C h^2 |v|_{1}^r} &\quad\mbox{for}\quad d=1,\\
\displaystyle{\;C h^2 \Big(\ln\frac{1}{h}\Big)^{(r-2)/2}|v|_{1}^r}
&\quad\mbox{for}\quad d=2,\\
\displaystyle{\;C h^{3-r/2}
\|v\|^{r}_{1}}&\quad\mbox{for}\quad d=3.\\
\end{cases}\label{3D0000}
\end{align}
Output
Ch2 |v|r1 for d = 1,
h r 1 (r2)/2 r
|(I )v |0,1 Ch2 ln |v|1 for d = 2, (2.5)
h
3r/2 r
Ch kvk1 for d = 3.
2.3 Binomial
Contoh 2.3.1
\begin{align*}
(a+b)^n =& \sum_{i=0}^n \binom{n}{i} a^{n-i}b^i\\
(a+b)^n =&\binom{n}{0}a^n+ \binom{n}{1}a^{n-1}b+
\binom{n}{2}a^{n-2}b^2+\cdots+\binom{n}{n-1}ab^{n-1}
+ \binom{n}{n}b^n.
\end{align*}
Xn
n n ni i
(a + b) = a b
i
i=0
n n n n1 n n2 2 n n n
(a + b)n = a + a b+ a b + + abn1 + b .
0 1 2 n1 n
9
y^2}\bigg ]+\cdots\\
&\;\;+\bigg [ \dfrac{1}{n!}\sum_{i=0}^n\dbinom{n}{i}(x-x_0)^{n-i}(y-y_0)^i
\dfrac{\partial^n f(x_0,y_0)}{\partial x^{n-z} \partial y^z}\bigg ] \\
&\;\;+\dfrac{1}{(n+1)!}\bigg [ \sum_{i=0}^{n+1}
\dbinom{n+1}{i}(x-x_0)^{n+1-i}(y-y_0)^i \dfrac{\partial^{n+1}
f(r,s)}{\partial x^{n+1-i} \partial y^i}\bigg ]
\bigg|_{\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{r=x_0+\tau(x-x_0)}{s=y_0+\tau(y-y_0)}}
\end{align*}
untuk semua $0 \leq \tau(x,y) \leq 1$.
\end{The}
Teorema 2.4.1 (Teorema Taylor Dua Variabel)
Misalkan f (x, y) terdifferensialkan secara kontinu hingga orde n + 1 untuk semua
(x, y) dilingkungan D = {(x0 , y0 )}. Maka untuk setiap (x, y) D terdapat titik (r, s)
pada segmen garis yang menghubungkan titik (x, y) dan (x0 , y0 ) dengan
f (x0 , y0 ) f (x0 , y0 )
f (x, y) =f (x0 , y0 ) + (x x0 ) + (y y0 )
x y
2 2
(x x0 ) f (x0 , y0 ) f (x0 , y0 )
+ 2
+ (x x0 )(y y0 )
2 x xy
2 2
(y y0 ) f (x0 , y0 )
+ +
2 y 2
X n n
1 n ni i f (x0 , y0 )
+ (x x0 ) (y y0 )
n! i xnz y z
i=0
X n + 1
n+1
n+1 f (r, s)
1 n+1i i
+ (x x0 ) (y y0 )
(n + 1)! i xn+1i y i r=x0 + (xx0 )
i=0 s=y0 + (yy0 )
Contoh 2.4.2
Dalam masalah transportasi di Program Linear diperlukan penyajian persamaan yang
agak rumit, seperti pada contoh ini.
\begin{align*}
&
\begin{array}{cccc}
\;\;\;G&G&G&
\end{array}\\
\begin{array}{c}
T\\
T\\
T
\end{array}
& \left[
\begin{array}{ccc}
G&G&G\\
G&G&G\\
10
G&G&G
\end{array}
\right ]
= B^{-1}
\end{align*}
Output
G G G
T G G G
T G G G = B 1
T G G G
11
BAB 3
MATRIKS
\[
\left [
\begin{array}{ccc}
1 & -1 & -1 \\
-1 & 2 & 2\\
-1 & 2 & 4 \\
\end{array} \right ]
\]
Output
1 1 1
1 2 2
1 2 4
Contoh 3.1.2
Menyajikan matriks 3 3 di LATEX yang memerlukan nomor persamaan dapat dila-
kukan sebagai berikut:
\begin{equation}
\left [
\begin{array}{rrr}
1 & -1 & -1 \\
-1 & 2 & 2\\
-1 & 2 & 4 \\
\end{array} \right ]
\end{equation}
Output
1 1 1
1 2 2 (3.1)
1 2 4
Catatan: Perhatikan perbedaan posisi elemen dari matrik yang ada di contoh 3.1.1
dan 3.1.2.
Contoh 3.1.3
Menyajikan sistem persamaan linear dalam bentuk matrik dapat dilakukan sebagai
berikut:
12
\[
\left [
\begin{array}{cc}
1 & -1 \\
1 & 2 \\
\end{array}\right]
\left [
\begin{array}{c}
x_1\\
x_2
\end{array}\right]
=
\left [
\begin{array}{c}
-1\\
3
\end{array}\right]
\]
Output
1 1 x1 1
=
1 2 x2 3
Contoh 3.1.4
Penampilan Augmented form dari suatu sistem persamaan linear dapat dilakukan
dengan menuliskannya dalam LATEX sebagai berikut:
\[
\left [
\begin{array}{cc|c}
0.1\times 10^{-2} & -0.1\times 10^{1} & -0.1\times 10^{1}\\
0.1\times 10^{1} & 0.2\times 10^{1} & 0.3\times 10^{3}
\end{array}\right]
\]
Output
0.1 102 0.1 101 0.1 101
0.1 101 0.2 101 0.3 103
Contoh 3.1.5
Penampilan Augmented form dari suatu sistem persamaan linear yang berdimensi
besar dapat dilakukan dengan menuliskannya dalam LATEX sebagai berikut:
\[
[A|b]=
\left [
\begin{array}{cccc|c}
13
a_{11} & a_{12} & \cdots & a_{1n} & b_1\\
a_{21} & a_{22} & \cdots & a_{2n} & b_2\\
\vdots & \vdots & \ddots & \vdots \\
a_{n1} & a_{n2} & \cdots & a_{nn} & b_n
\end{array}\right]
\]
Output
a11 a12 a1n b1
a21 a22 a2n b2
[A|b] = .. .. .. ..
. . . .
an1 an2 ann bn
Contoh 3.1.6
Menampilkan hasil akhir dari proses Eliminasi Gauss untuk sistem persamaan linear
berorde n dapat dilakukan sebagai berikut:
\begin{equation}\label{no004}
[A^{(n)} | b^{(n)}]
=
\left [
\begin{array}{ccccc|c}
a_{11} & a_{12} & a_{13}
& \cdots & a_{1n} & b_1\\
0 & a_{22}^{(2)} & a_{23}^{(2)}
& \cdots & a_{2n}^{(2)} & b_2^{(2)}\\
0 & 0 & a_{33}^{(3)}
& \cdots & a_{3n}^{(3)} & b_3^{(3)}\\
\vdots & \vdots & \vdots
& \ddots & \vdots \\
0 & 0 & 0 & \cdots
& a_{nn}^{(n)} & b_n^{(n)}
\end{array}\right]
\end{equation}
Contoh 3.1.7
Menyajikan matrik dengan vektor ruas kanan sistem persamaan linear.
14
\[
A=\left [
\begin{array}{ccccc}
2 & -1 & 0 & 0 & 0 \\
1 & 2 & -1 & 0 & 0 \\
0 & 1 & 2 & -1 & 0 \\
0 & 0 & 1 & 2 & -1 \\
0 & 0 & 0 & 1 & 2
\end{array}\right],
\quad
b=\left [
\begin{array}{c}
3 \\
-2 \\
2 \\
-2 \\
1
\end{array}\right],
\]
Output
2 1 0 0 0 3
1 2 1 0 0 2
A=
0 1 2 1 0 ,
b=
2 ,
0 0 1 2 1 2
0 0 0 1 2 1
Contoh 3.1.8
Selain penyajian matrik dan vektor ruas kanan sistem persamaan linear di Con-
toh 3.1.7, dapat juga dilakukan dengan menggunakan kurung biasa sebagai berikut:
\[
A=\left (
\begin{array}{ccc}
2 & 1 & 1\\
2 & 2 & -1\\
4 & -1 & 6
\end{array}\right),\quad
b=\left (
\begin{array}{ccc}
3\\
0\\
11
\end{array}\right),
\]
15
Output
2 1 1 3
A = 2 2 1 , b = 0 ,
4 1 6 11
Contoh 3.1.9
Menyajikan matrik tridiagonal di LATEX dapat dilakukan sebagai berikut:
\[
A_n=\left [
\begin{array}{cccccc}
2 & -1 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0\\
-1 & 2 & -1 & 0 & 0 & 0\\
0 & -1 & 2 & -1 & 0 & 0\\
0 & 0 &\ddots & \ddots & \ddots & 0 \\
0 & 0 & 0 & -1 & 2 & -1 \\
0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & -1 & 2
\end{array}\right],
\]
Output
2 1 0 0 0 0
1 2 1 0 0 0
0 1 2 1 0 0
An = .. .. ..,
0 0 . . 0 .
0 0 0 1 2 1
0 0 0 0 1 2
Contoh 3.1.10
Penulisan matrik diagonal dan tridiagonal di LATEX dapat juga dilakukan sebagai
berikut:
\[
\begin{pmatrix}
3 & & & & \multirow{3}{*}{\Huge 2} & \\
& 3 & & & & \\
& & 4 & & & \\
& \multirow{3}{*}{\Huge 2} & & 5 & & \\
& & & & 6 & \\
& & & & & 7
\end{pmatrix}
\]
16
Output
3
3
4
2
5
2 6
7
\[
\begin{pmatrix}
1 & 3 & & & &\multirow{3}{*}{\Huge 0} &\\
3 & 1 & 3 & & & &\\
& 3 & 1 & 3 & & &\\
& & \ddots & \ddots & \ddots& &\\
& \multirow{3}{*}{\Huge 0}& & 3 & 1 & 3& \\
& & & &3 & 1 & 3 \\
& & & & &3 & 1
\end{pmatrix}
\]
Output
1 3
3
1
3
3
1 3
0
.. .. ..
. . .
3 1 3
0 3 1
3
3
1
Contoh 3.1.11
Untuk menuliskan determinat dari suatu matrik di LATEX dapat dilakukan sebagai
berikut:
\[
f_n(x)=\det\left [
\begin{array}{cccccc}
x & 1 & 0 & 0 & \cdots & 0\\
1 & x & 1 & 0 & \cdots & 0\\
0 & 1 & x & 1 & \ddots & \vdots \\
0 & \ddots & \ddots & \ddots & \ddots & 0 \\
0 & \cdots & 0 & 1 & x & 1 \\
0 & \cdots & 0 & 0 & 1 & x
\end{array}\right],
\]
17
Output
x 1 0 0 0
1 x 1 0 0
.. ..
0 1 x 1 . .
fn (x) = det
,
0 ... ..
.
.. ..
. . 0
0 0 1 x 1
0 0 0 1 x
Contoh 3.1.12
Untuk menuliskan ekspansi suatu vektor [a1 , a2 , , an ]T dalam bentuk vektor ele-
menter di LATEX dapat dilakukan sebagai berikut:
\begin{equation*}
\left (
\begin{array}{c}
a_1 \\
a_2 \\
\vdots \\
a_n
\end{array}\right)
= a_1
\left (
\begin{array}{c}
1 \\
0 \\
\vdots \\
0
\end{array}\right)
+a_2
\left (
\begin{array}{c}
0 \\
1 \\
\vdots \\
0
\end{array}\right)
+
\cdots
+ a_n
\left (
\begin{array}{c}
0 \\
0 \\
\vdots \\
1
\end{array}\right)
\end{equation*}
18
Output
a1 1 0 0
a2 0 1 0
.. = a1 .. + a2 .. + + an ..
. . . .
an 0 0 1
19
BAB 4
TABEL
Output
3n Eror
6 0.80 2.20 0.0004
9 0.70 1.90 7e-005
12 0.55 1.60 0.008
Contoh 4.1.2
\begin{table}[htbp]
\begin{center}
\begin{tabular}{lcl}
20
Penasehat & : & Dekan FMIPA Unri \\
Penanggung Jawab & : & Ketua Jurusan Matematika\\
Koordinator & : & Drs Harison, Msi\\
Anggota & : & Dosen matematika yang relevan.
\end{tabular}
\end{center}
\end{table}
Output
Contoh 4.1.3
\begin{table}[htbp]
\begin{center}
\begin{footnotesize}
\caption{\footnotesize{Mata Kuliah P2M}}
\label{T1}
\begin{tabular}{|l|l|c|l|l|}
\hline
Semester & Mata Kuliah & SKS& Fakultas & Jurusan \\\hline
Ganjil & Mat. Dasar 1 & 4 & MIPA & Matemtika\\
& Mat. Dasar 1 & 4 & MIPA & Fisika \\
& Mat. Dasar 1 & 2 & Perikanan & Semua Jur.\\
& Mat. Dasar 1 & 2 & Pertanian & Semua Jur.\\
& Mat. Dasar 1 & 2 & Teknik & Semua Jur.\\\hline
Genap & Mat. Dasar 2 & 4 & MIPA & Matemtika\\
& Mat. Dasar 2 & 2 & MIPA & D3 KSI\\
& Mat. Dasar 2 & 2 & Perikanan & Semua Jur.\\
& Mat. Dasar 2 & 2 & Pertanian & Semua Jur.\\
& Mat. Dasar 2 & 2 & Teknik & Semua Jur.\\\hline
\end{tabular}
\end{footnotesize}
\end{center}
\end{table}
Output
Contoh 4.1.4
\begin{table}[htbp]
\begin{center}
\begin{tabular}{|l|l|c|}
21
Tabel 4.2: Mata Kuliah P2M
Semester Mata Kuliah SKS Fakultas Jurusan
Ganjil Mat. Dasar 1 4 MIPA Matemtika
Mat. Dasar 1 4 MIPA Fisika
Mat. Dasar 1 2 Perikanan Semua Jur.
Mat. Dasar 1 2 Pertanian Semua Jur.
Mat. Dasar 1 2 Teknik Semua Jur.
Genap Mat. Dasar 2 4 MIPA Matemtika
Mat. Dasar 2 2 MIPA D3 KSI
Mat. Dasar 2 2 Perikanan Semua Jur.
Mat. Dasar 2 2 Pertanian Semua Jur.
Mat. Dasar 2 2 Teknik Semua Jur.
\hline
No. & Uraian & Persentase\\\hline
1. & Kehadiran & 10\\
2. & Rata-rata Tugas & 10\\
3. & Ujian Tengah Semester & 40\\
4. & Ujian Akhir Semester & 40\\ \hline
\end{tabular}
\end{center}
\end{table}
Output
Contoh 4.1.5
\begin{table}[htbp]
\begin{center}
\begin{footnotesize}
\caption{\footnotesize{Nama-nama Dosen Matematika}}
\label{T2}
\begin{tabular}{|l|l|l|l|}
\hline
No. & Nama Dosen & NIP & Keahlian\\\hline\hline
1 & Prof. Drs. Muchtar Rachman & 130 252 926 & Matematika \\
2 & Drs. Aziz Jarah & 130 353 289 & Matematika \\
3 & Drs. Monang Manurung & 130 514 867 & Matematika \\
4 & Drs. Asmara Karma & 130 672 564 & Matematika \\
22
5 & Drs. Johannes Kho & 130 804 228 & Matematika \\\hline
\end{tabular}
\end{footnotesize}
\end{center}
\end{table}
Output
Contoh 4.2.1
\begin{table}[htbp]
\begin{center}
\caption{Jumlah segiempat yang terbentuk}
\begin{small}
\label{tabel1}
\begin{tabular}{|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|}\hline
Partisi & \multicolumn{6}{c|}{Jumlah segiempat dengan luas} &
\multirow{2}{12mm}{Jumlah}\\ \cline{1-7}
$ k$ & 1 & $\frac{(k-1)}{k}$ & $\cdots$ & $\frac{(k-i+1)}{k}$ &
$\cdots$ & $\frac{1}{k}$ & \\ \hline\hline
1 & 1 & & & & & & 1 \\\hline
2 & 1 & 2 & & & & & 3 \\\hline
$\vdots$ & $\vdots$& & & & & & $\vdots$ \\\hline
$m$ & 1 & 2 &$\cdots$ & $i$ &$\cdots$ & $m$ & $\frac{m(m+1)}{2}$
\\\hline
\end{tabular}
\end{small}
\end{center}
\end{table}
Output
23
Tabel 4.4: Jumlah segiempat yang terbentuk
Partisi Jumlah segiempat dengan luas
Jumlah
k 1 (k1)
k (ki+1)
k k1
1 1 1
2 1 2 3
.. .. ..
. . .
m(m+1)
m 1 2 i m 2
Contoh 4.2.2
\begin{table}[htbp]
\begin{center}
\caption{Jumlah segiempat yang terbentuk}
\label{tabel2}
\begin{small}
\begin{tabular}{|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|}\hline
\multicolumn{6}{|c|}{Jumlah segiempat terbentuk} & Total\\ \hline
1 & 2 & $\cdots$ & $j$ & $\cdots$ & $n$ & $n(n+1)/2$ \\\hline
2 & 4 & $\cdots$ & $2j$ & $\cdots$ & $2n$ & $2n(n+1)/2$ \\\hline
$\vdots$ & & & $\vdots$ & & $\vdots$ & $\vdots$ \\\hline
$i$ & $i2$ & $\cdots$ & $ij$ & $\cdots$ & $in$ & $in(n+1)/2$ \\\hline
$\vdots$ & & & $\vdots$ & & $\vdots$ & $\vdots$ \\\hline
$m$ & $m2$ & $\cdots$ & $mj$ & $\cdots$ & $mn$ & $mn(n+1)/2$ \\\hline
\end{tabular}
\end{small}
\end{center}
\end{table}
Output
24
Contoh 4.2.3
\begin{table}[htbp]
\begin{center}
\caption{Jumlah segitiga yang ada pada $n(n+1)/2$ uang logam}
\label{tabel3}
\begin{small}
\begin{tabular}{|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|}\hline
$n$ & 1 & 2 & 3 & 4 & 5 & 6 & \multirow{2}{15mm}{Jumlah}\\ \cline{1-7}
$n(n+1)/2$ & 1 & 3 & 6 & 10 & 15 & 21 &\\ \hline\hline
\multirow{2}{0mm}{3}& $\bigtriangleup$ & 1 & 2 & 3 & 4 & 5 & 36\\ \cline{2-8}
& $\bigtriangledown$ & & 1 & 2 & 3 & 4 & 28\\ \hline
\multirow{2}{0mm}{6}& $\bigtriangleup$ & & 1 & 2 & 3 & 4 & 28\\ \cline{2-8}
& $\bigtriangledown$ & & & & 1 & 2 & 15\\ \hline
\multirow{2}{0mm}{10}& $\bigtriangleup$ & & & 1 & 2 & 3 & 21\\ \cline{2-8}
& $\bigtriangledown$ & & & & & & 6 \\ \hline
\multirow{2}{0mm}{15}& $\bigtriangleup$ & & & & 1 & 2 & 15 \\ \cline{2-8}
& $\bigtriangledown$ & & & & & & 1 \\ \hline
\end{tabular}
\end{small}
\end{center}
\end{table}
Output
Tabel 4.6: Jumlah segitiga yang ada pada n(n + 1)/2 uang logam
n 1 2 3 4 5 6
Jumlah
n(n + 1)/2 1 3 6 10 15 21
a
` 1 2 3 4 5 36
3
1 2 3 4 28
a
` 1 2 3 4 28
6
1 2 15
a
` 1 2 3 21
10
6
a
` 1 2 15
15
1
25
& $|f(c_n)|$ & $|b_n-a_n|$\\\cline{2-3}
Fungsi & $a_0$ & $b_0$ & Iterasi $(n)$ & Hampiran
$(c_n)$ & &\\\hline
$1$ & $eps$ & $3$ & $7$ &
$1.25643\times10^0$ & $4.440\times10^{-16}$ &
$1.256\times10^0$\\\cline{2-7}
& $eps$ & $13$ & $15$ &
$1.25643\times10^0$ & $4.440\times10^{-16}$ &
$1.256\times10^0$\\\hline
$2$ & $-eps$ & $\frac{\pi}{2}$ & $2$ &
$-1.11022\times10^{-16}$& $5.551\times10^{-17}$ &
$7.853\times10^{-1}$\\\cline{2-7}
& $\frac{\pi}{4}$ & $\pi$ & $5$ &
$1.89549\times10^0$ & $0$ &
$6.928\times10^{-6}$\\\hline
$3$ & $0.5$ & $1.5$ & $6$ &
$1.32472\times10^0$ & $2.220\times10^{-16}$ &
$1.752\times10^{-1}$\\\cline{2-7}
& $-4$ & $3$ & $8$ &
$1.32472\times10^0$ & $1.998\times10^{-15}$ &
$1.675\times10^0$\\\hline
\end{tabular}}
\end{center}
\end{table}
Output
26
Contoh 4.3.2
\begin{table}[htbp]\label{tabel4}
\begin{center}
\caption{Perbandingan waktu dalam detik (s) dari beberapa metode iterasi}
\begin{small}
\begin{tabular}{|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|}\hline
\multirow{2}{5mm}{$f(x)$} &\multirow{2}{3mm}{$x_{0}$} &
\multicolumn{2}{c|}{NM} & \multicolumn{2}{c|}{$\theta=1$} &
\multicolumn{2}{c|}{$\theta=\frac{\sqrt{5}-1}{2}$} &
\multicolumn{2}{c|}{$\theta=-1$} & \multicolumn{2}{c|}{$\theta=-2$}\\
\cline{3-12}
& & $n$ & waktu& $n$ & waktu & $n$ & waktu & $n$ & waktu & $n$ & waktu \\
\hline
\multirow{2}{3mm}{$f_{1}$}& 1 &5 &0.827 &4 &0.842 &4 &1.061 &4 &0.593 &3
&0.920 \\\cline{2-12}
& 3.5 &7 &0.936 &5 &1.107 &5 &1.404 &4 &0.921 &4 &0.936 \\\hline
\multirow{2}{3mm}{$f_{2}$}& -1 &5 &0.796 &3 &0.665 &3 &0.765 &3 &0.733 &3
&0.483 \\\cline{2-12}
& 0.5 &4 &0.640 &3 &0.718 &3 &0.764 &3 &0.733 &3 &0.733 \\\hline
\multirow{2}{3mm}{$f_{3}$}& -2 &8 &3.619 &6 &1.482 &6 &2.293 &5 &1.872 &4
&1.310 \\\cline{2-12}
& -3 &14 &2.372 &10 &2.324 &10 &2.902 &8 &2.137 &7 &2.324 \\\hline
\end{tabular}\end{small}
\end{center}
\end{table}
Output
Tabel 4.8: Perbandingan waktu dalam detik (s) dari beberapa metode iterasi
NM =1 = 51
2 = 1 = 2
f (x) x0
n waktu n waktu n waktu n waktu n waktu
1 5 0.827 4 0.842 4 1.061 4 0.593 3 0.920
f1
3.5 7 0.936 5 1.107 5 1.404 4 0.921 4 0.936
-1 5 0.796 3 0.665 3 0.765 3 0.733 3 0.483
f2
0.5 4 0.640 3 0.718 3 0.764 3 0.733 3 0.733
-2 8 3.619 6 1.482 6 2.293 5 1.872 4 1.310
f3
-3 14 2.372 10 2.324 10 2.902 8 2.137 7 2.324
\begin{table}[htbp]
27
\begin{center}
\begin{footnotesize}
\caption{Persoalan Traveling tahap 4, dengan S = $\{2,3,4\}$ dan $j=5,6$}
\begin{tabular}{|c|c|c|c|}\hline
$i$ & 2 & 3 & 4 \\\hline
${f_4(i,\{2,3,4\})}$ = $\min \left\{
\begin{array}{l}
d_{i5}+f_5(5,\{2,3,4,5\})\\
d_{i6}+f_6(6\{2,3,4,6\})
\end{array} \right.$
& $\begin{array}{c} 3+16=19\\4+12=16\end{array}$
& $9+10=19$ & $9+10=19$ \\\hline
\end{tabular}
\end{footnotesize}
\end{center}
\end{table}
Output
i 2 3 4
di5 + f5 (5, {2, 3, 4, 5}) 3 + 16 = 19
f4 (i, {2, 3, 4}) = min 9 + 10 = 19 9 + 10 = 19
di6 + f6 (6{2, 3, 4, 6}) 4 + 12 = 16
\begin{table}[htbp]
\begin{center}
\begin{footnotesize}
\caption{Persoalan Traveling tahap 4, dengan S = $\{2,3,4\}$ dan $j=5,6$}
\begin{tabular}{|c|c|c|c|}\hline
$i$ & 2 & 3 & 4 \\\hline
${f_4(i,\{2,3,4\})}$ = $\min
\begin{cases}
d_{i5}+f_5(5,\{2,3,4,5\})\\
d_{i6}+f_6(6\{2,3,4,6\})
\end{cases}$
& $\begin{array}{c} 3+16=19\\4+12=16\end{array}$
& $9+10=19$ & $9+10=19$ \\\hline
\end{tabular}
\end{footnotesize}
\end{center}
\end{table}
Output
28
Tabel 4.10: Persoalan Traveling tahap 4, dengan S = {2, 3, 4} dan j = 5, 6
(i 2 3 4
di5 + f5 (5, {2, 3, 4, 5}) 3 + 16 = 19
f4 (i, {2, 3, 4}) = min 9 + 10 = 19 9 + 10 = 19
di6 + f6 (6{2, 3, 4, 6}) 4 + 12 = 16
29
BAB 5
ALGORITHMA
Contoh 5.0.2
\begin{algorithm}[htbp]
\caption{Algorithma terbaik metode Belah Dua untuk menemukan solusi
$f(x)=0$ dengan maksimum iterasi $N$ dan Toleransi $\epsilon$}
\label{alg2}
\begin{algorithmic}
\STATE Nyatakan $a_0 \leftarrow a$
\STATE Nyatakan $b_0 \leftarrow b$
\IF{$\sign f(a_0) = \sign f(b_0) $}
\STATE Output: Metode Belah Dua Tak Bisa Diterapkan
\STATE Stop
\ENDIF
\FOR{$i=0$ to $N$}
\STATE {$c_i=a_i+\frac{b_i-a_i}{2}$}
\IF{$ i==0 $}
\STATE {$L_1=|f(c_i)-f(a_i)|$}
\IF{$ f(c_i)=0 $}
\STATE Output: $c_i=$ akar
\STATE Stop
\ENDIF
\ELSIF{$ | \frac{c_i-c_{i-1}}{c_i}| < \epsilon $}
\STATE {Output: $c_i=$ akar}
\STATE Stop
\ENDIF
\STATE {$L_2=|f(c_i)-f(a_i)|$}
\IF{$ L_2>L_1 $}
\STATE Output: Terdapat titik singular
\STATE Stop
\ELSIF {$\sign f(a_i) = \sign f(c_i) $}
\STATE {$a_{i+1}=c_i$}
\STATE {$b_{i+1}=b_i$}
\STATE {$L_1=L_2$}
\ELSE
\STATE {$b_{i+1}=c_i$}
\STATE {$a_{i+1}=a_i$}
\STATE {$L_1=L_2$}
\ENDIF
\IF {$i==N$}
\STATE {Output: Jumlah Maksimum Iterasi Dilampaui}
\STATE {Stop}
\ENDIF
30
\ENDFOR
\end{algorithmic}
\end{algorithm}
Output
31
Algorithm 1 Algorithma terbaik metode Belah Dua untuk menemukan solusi
f (x) = 0 dengan maksimum iterasi N dan Toleransi
1. Nyatakan a0 a
2. Nyatakan b0 b
3. if sign f (a0 ) = sign f (b0 ) then
4. Output: Metode Belah Dua Tak Bisa Diterapkan
5. Stop
6. end if
7. for i = 0 to N do
8. ci = ai + bi a 2
i
9. if i == 0 then
10. L1 = |f (ci ) f (ai )|
11. if f (ci ) = 0 then
12. Output: ci = akar
13. Stop
14. end if
15. else if | ci ccii1 | < then
16. Output: ci = akar
17. Stop
18. end if
19. L2 = |f (ci ) f (ai )|
20. if L2 > L1 then
21. Output: Terdapat titik singular
22. Stop
23. else if sign f (ai ) = sign f (ci ) then
24. ai+1 = ci
25. bi+1 = bi
26. L1 = L2
27. else
28. bi+1 = ci
29. ai+1 = ai
30. L1 = L2
31. end if
32. if i == N then
33. Output: Jumlah Maksimum Iterasi Dilampaui
34. Stop
35. end if
36. end for
32
BAB 6
GAMBAR
Ada dua cara menyajikan gambar di LATEX. Cara pertama adalah membuat gambar
yang kita inginkan menggunakan command yang ada di LATEX. Tetapi hal ini tidak
mungkin kita lakukan untuk semua gambar yang kita inginkan. Cara kedua adalah
membuat gambar di software yang mungkin, kemudian ditampilkan di LATEX. Untuk
menyajikan gambar yang dihasilkan dari software tertentu di LATEX pertama-tama
gambar yang akan disajikan dibuat/ disimpan dulu dalam file encapsuled postscript
dengan ekstensi .eps kemudian diletakkan didirektori skripsi tempat kita bekerja.
Bila anda menghasilkan gambar di Matlab maka untuk mendapatkan file dengan
ekstensi .eps, save-lah gambar yang anda buat dengan memilih tab file dan memilih
kata save, kemudian akan keluar window tempat anda memberi nama gambar yang
33
(0, 1) (1, 1)
f2 = f3 = 0
f1 = ui
f1 = f3 = 0 1
f2 = ui
f1 = f2 = 0
f3 = ui
2 3
(0, 0) (1, 0)
akan anda save. Di bagian save as type anda pilih eps File (*.eps) dan simpanlah file
tersebut didirektori skripsi anda.
Bila anda menghasilkan gambar di Maple maka untuk mendapatkan file dengan eks-
tensi .eps, adalah dengan mengklik gambar yang saudara buat dan letakkan kursor
anda di atas gambar tersebut, kemudian klik bagian kanan mause anda maka akan
keluar windows kecil yang memberikan pilihan export as. Pilihlah tab export as ini,
dan encapsuled postscript (eps). Kemudian akan keluar window tempat anda mem-
beri nama gambar yang akan anda save, berilah nama gambar anda dan simpanlah
file tersebut didirektori skripsi anda.
Misalkan anda sudah mempunyai gambar yang anda beri nama newton.eps dan anda
ingin menyajikan satu gambar tersebut disalah satu halaman skripsi anda, maka
dapat anda lakukan dengan cara berikut
\begin{figure}[htbp]
\begin{center}
\resizebox{7cm}{7cm}{\includegraphics{newton.eps}}
\caption{Grafik aproksimasi $\int_{x_n}^x f(s)ds$ menggunakan
jumlah Reimann kiri}\label{newton}
\end{center}
\end{figure}
Output
Disini anda mepunyai dua file *.eps, yang diberi nama newton.eps dan tnewton.eps
yang akan di gambarkan pada satu bidang dimana gambar tersebut diinginkan tam-
34
0110
1000000000000000
11111111111111
1010
100000
1111
1010 11111111111 00000000000
00000000000
11111111111
1010 11111111111
00000000000
00000000000
11111111111
1010 11111111111
00000000000
00000000000
11111111111
1010 11111111111
00000000000
00000000000
11111111111
n 1010 x11111111111
00000000000
x
x R
Gambar 6.2: Grafik aproksimasi xn
f (s)ds menggunakan jumlah Reimann kiri
\begin{figure}[htbp]
\begin{center}
\resizebox{5cm}{5cm}{\includegraphics{newton.eps}}
\put(-155,85){{\footnotesize $f(x_n)$}}
\put(-150,117){{\footnotesize $f(x)$}}
\put(-10,110){{\footnotesize $f(s)$}}
\put(-75,145){{\footnotesize\textbf{(a)}}}
\hspace{1.5cm}
\resizebox{5cm}{5cm}{\includegraphics{tnewton.eps}}
\put(-155,85){{\footnotesize $f(x_n)$}}
\put(-150,117){{\footnotesize $f(x)$}}
\put(-10,110){{\footnotesize $f(s)$}}
\put(-75,145){{\footnotesize\textbf{(b)}}}
\end{center}
\caption{Graph of approximation of $\int_{x_n}^x f(s)ds$ using (a) left
Reimann-sum, (b) Trapezoidal rule}\label{newton1}
\end{figure}
Output
Diasumsikan anda mempunyai empat gambar dalam encapsuled postscript yang di-
beri nama newton.eps, tnewton.eps, snewton.eps, dan mnewton.eps. Kemudian anda
35
(a) (b)
0110 0110
f (x)00000000000000
11111111111111
1010 1111111111111
0000000000000
1010 11111111111 00000000000
00000000000
11111111111
f (x)
f (s) f (s)
1010 1010 11111111111 00000000000
00000000000
11111111111
1010 11111111111 00000000000 1010 11111111111 00000000000
f (x ) f (xn )
00000000000
11111111111
n
1010 11111111111
00000000000
00000000000
11111111111 1010 11111111111
00000000000
00000000000
11111111111
1010 11111111111
00000000000
00000000000
11111111111 1010 11111111111
00000000000
00000000000
11111111111
1010 11111111111
00000000000
00000000000
11111111111 1010 11111111111
00000000000
00000000000
11111111111
n 1010 x11111111111
00000000000
x n 1010 11111111111
x00000000000
x
Rx
Gambar 6.3: Graph of approximation of xn
f (s)ds using (a) left Reimann-sum,
(b) Trapezoidal rule
ingin menyajikan gambar-gambar ini dalam satu bidang. Hal ini dapat anda lakukan
sebagai berikut:
\begin{figure}[htbp]
\begin{center}
\resizebox{5cm}{5cm}{\includegraphics{newton.eps}}
\put(-155,85){{\footnotesize $f(x_n)$}}
\put(-150,117){{\footnotesize $f(x)$}}
\put(-10,110){{\footnotesize $f(s)$}}
\put(-75,145){{\footnotesize\textbf{(a)}}}
\hspace{1.5cm}
\resizebox{5cm}{5cm}{\includegraphics{tnewton.eps}}
\put(-155,85){{\footnotesize $f(x_n)$}}
\put(-150,117){{\footnotesize $f(x)$}}
\put(-10,110){{\footnotesize $f(s)$}}
\put(-75,145){{\footnotesize\textbf{(b)}}}
\\
\vspace{1cm}
\resizebox{5cm}{5cm}{\includegraphics{snewton.eps}}
\put(-155,85){{\footnotesize $f(x_n)$}}
\put(-150,117){{\footnotesize $f(x)$}}
\put(-10,110){{\footnotesize $f(s)$}}
\put(-70,5){{\footnotesize $\frac{x_n+x}{2}$}}
\put(-75,145){{\footnotesize\textbf{(c)}}}
\hspace{1.5cm}
\resizebox{5cm}{5cm}{\includegraphics{mnewton.eps}}
\put(-155,85){{\footnotesize $f(x_n)$}}
\put(-150,117){{\footnotesize $f(x)$}}
\put(-165,105){{\footnotesize $f(\frac{x_n+x}{2})$}}
\put(-10,110){{\footnotesize $f(s)$}}
\put(-70,5){{\footnotesize $\frac{x_n+x}{2}$}}
36
\put(-75,145){{\footnotesize\textbf{(d)}}}
\end{center}
\caption{Graph of approximation of $\int_{x_n}^x f(s)ds$ using (a) left
Reimann-sum, (b) Trapezoidal rule, (c) Simpson rule, and (d)
Midpoint rule}\label{newton}
\end{figure}
Output
1011111111111111
f (x)00000000000000
100000000000000
1111111111111
1010 f (s) f (x) 1010 11111111111 00000000000
00000000000
11111111111
f (s)
100 1010 11111111111 00000000000
11111111111
f (x )1
00000000000
100000
1111 10000 00000000000
11111111111
1010 11111111111
00000000000 111
f (xn )
1010 11111111111
00000000000
n
00000000000
11111111111 00000000000
11111111111
1010 11111111111
00000000000
00000000000
11111111111 1010 11111111111
00000000000
00000000000
11111111111
1010 11111111111
00000000000
00000000000
11111111111 1010 11111111111
00000000000
00000000000
11111111111
1010 x11111111111
00000000000
00000000000
11111111111 1010 x11111111111
00000000000
00000000000
11111111111
10 10
n x n x
(c) (d)
0110 0110
f (x)1 000000000000000 f (x) 1 01111111111111
11111111111111 ) 0000000000000
10000000000
111111111 1010 f (s) xn +x
1010 11111111111 00000000000
0
1
f (s)
1010 f( 2
00000000000
11111111111
1010
f (x )0000 1111 1010 f (x ) 1 0000
111
1010 1010 11111111111 00000000000
00000000000
11111111111
1010
n n
Rx
Gambar 6.4: Graph of approximation of xn f (s)ds using (a) left Reimann-sum,
(b) Trapezoidal rule, (c) Simpson rule, and (d) Midpoint rule
37
BAB 7
SIMBOL
38
7.4 Notasi Tanda Baca
39
7.8 Simbol Sejenis log
arccos \arccos cos \cos csc \csc exp \exp
arcsin \arcsin cosh \cosh deg \deg gcd \gcd
arctan \arctan cot \cot det \det hom \hom
arg \arg coth \coth dim \dim inf \inf
ker \ker lim sup \limsup min \min sinh \sinh
lg \lg ln \ln Pr \Pr sup \sup
lim \lim log \log sec \sec tan \tan
lim inf \liminf max \max sin \sin tanh \tanh
7.9 Delimiters
( ( ) ) \uparrow \Uparrow
[ [ ] ] \downarrow \Downarrow
{ \{ } \} l \updownarrow m \Updownarrow
\lfloor \rfloor \lceil \rceil
h \langle i \rangle / / \ \backslash
| | k \|
40
7.14 Simbol Panah AMS
99K \dashrightarrow L99 \dashleftarrow
\Lleftarrow \twoheadleftarrow
\leftrightharpoons x \curvearrowleft
\upuparrows \upharpoonleft
! \leftrightsquigarrow \rightrightarrows
\rightleftarrows \twoheadrightarrow
\rightleftharpoons y \curvearrowright
\downdownarrows \upharpoonright
\leftleftarrows \leftrightarrows
\leftarrowtail " \looparrowleft
\circlearrowleft \Lsh
\downharpoonleft \multimap
\rightleftarrows \rightrightarrows
\rightarrowtail # \looparrowright
\circlearrowright \Rsh
\downharpoonright \rightsquigarrow
\digamma \varkappa
41
7.19 Simbol Operator Biner AMS
\dotplus r \smallsetminus
\barwedge \veebar
\boxtimes \boxdot
\ltimes \rtimes
f \curlywedge g \curlyvee
\circledcirc \centerdot
\Cap \Cup
[ \doublebarwedge \boxminus
\boxplus > \divideontimes
\leftthreetimes \rightthreetimes
\circleddash \circledast
\intercal
42
7.21 Simbol Relasi Biner AMS
\leqq 6 \leqslant
0 \eqslantless . \lesssim
/ \lessapprox \approxeq
\lessdot \lll
\lessgtr \lesseqgtr
S \lesseqqgtr + \doteqdot
: \risingdotseq ; \fallingdotseq
\backsim \backsimeq
j \subseteqq \Subset
< \sqsubset 4 \preccurlyeq
2 \curlyeqprec - \precsim
w \precapprox \vartriangleleft
E \trianglelefteq \vDash
\Vvdash ` \smallsmile
a \smallfrown \bumpeq
\Bumpeq \geqq
> \geqslant 1 \eqslantgtr
& \gtrsim ' \gtrapprox
\gtrdot \ggg
\gtrless R \gtreqless
T \gtreqqless \eqcirc
\circeq , \triangleq
\thicksim \thickapprox
k \supseteqq \Supset
= \sqsupset < \succcurlyeq
3 \curlyeqsucc % \succsim
v \succapprox \vartriangleright
D \trianglerighteq
\Vdash
p \shortmid q \shortparallel
\between \pitchfork
\varpropto \blacktriangleleft
\therefore \backepsilon
\blacktriangleright \because
43
7.23 Bentuk-bentuk Panah stmaryrd
=\ \Longmapsfrom Z= \Longmapsto
\ \Mapsfrom Z \Mapsto
1 \nnearrow 0 \nnwarrow
% \ssearrow $ \sswarrow
\shortdownarrow \shortuparrow
\shortleftarrow \shortrightarrow
[ \longmapsfrom [ \mapsfrom
^ \leftarrowtriangle _ \rightarrowtriangle
\lightning M \rrparenthesis
- \leftrightarroweq ] \leftrightarrowtriangle
44
7.26 Operator Biner Ukuran Besar stmaryrd
e b c
g \bigbox p \bigcurlyvee f \bigcurlywedge
d \biginterleave ` \bignplus a \bigparallel
\bigsqcap \bigtriangledown \bigtriangleup
R \ntrianglelefteqslant S \ntrianglerighteqslant
45
BAB 8
Misalkan anda sudah membuat program untuk melakukan simulasi numerik dalam
penelitian skripsi anda, yang programnya berbentuk
function [xn1,err]=Newton(xn,maxit,a);
% M-file ini adalah untuk menentukan nilai akar
% hampiran dari fungsi nonlinear dengan metode Newton
% variabel yang akan diinput adalah xn,maxit, dan a dimana
% xn adalah adalah tebakan awal(random)
% maxit adalah maksimum iterasi (100)
% a adalah nomor fungsi yang akan diinput(1-5)
% n adalah jumlah iterasi
% err adalah nilai kesalahan
% tol adalah nilai toleransi untuk memberhentikan program
% f (flops) adalah banyaknya operasi aritmatika dalam metode ini
%flops(0);
tol=1e-15;
fxn=f(xn,a);
for n=0:maxit
dfxn=df(xn,a);
if abs(dfxn)<eps
fprintf(Metode Newton tidak dapat Diterapkan\n);
break;
end
xn1=xn-(fxn/dfxn);
fxn1=f(xn1,a);
err=abs(xn1-xn);
fprintf(%3d %25.18f %12.4e %12.4e\n,n+1,xn1,fxn1,err);
if abs(fxn1)<tol
fprintf(Selisih iterasi sudah sangat kecil\n);
break;
elseif err<tol
fprintf(Nilai fungsi sudah sangat kecil\n);
break;
elseif n>maxit
fprintf(Jumlah iterasi dilebihi\n);
break;
else
xn=xn1;
fxn=fxn1;
end
end
akar=xn1;
fprintf(Solusi persamaaan tersebut adalah=%.20f\n,akar);
46
Jika anda ingin melampirkan program tersebut di skripsi anda, anda tidak per-
lu mengetik ulang program tersebut. Hal ini dapat dilakukan dengan mengcopy
program tersebut dan letakkan diantara \begin{verbatim} ... \end{verbatim}.
Hasil yang anda dapatkan eksaks seperti program yang anda buat dibahasa pemro-
graman yang anda gunakan
47
BAB 9
Untuk menampilkan watermark kata Library of Riau University, dapat anda la-
kukan dengan meng uncomment dua baris berikut yang terdapat pada awal skripsi.tex
seperti berikut ini, jika skirpsi anda memiliki gambar
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%% Uncomment the following two lines for submitting to UR-Library %%
%% if there are some figures in the article %%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\usepackage{eso-pic}
\AddToShipoutPicture{\put(0,0){\includegraphics{watermarkUR.eps}}}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
dan dua baris berikut jika skripsi anda tidak punya gambar.
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%% Uncomment the following two lines for submitting to UR-Library %%
%% if there is no figure in the article %%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\usepackage{eso-pic}
\AddToShipoutPicture{\put(0,-25){\includegraphics{watermarkUR.pdf}}}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
48
LEMBARAN PERNYATAAN
Dengan ini saya menyatakan bahwa Skripsi yang berjudul Metode Iterasi Be-
bas Turunan Berdasarkan Kombinasi Koefisien Tak Tentu dan Forward Diffe-
rence untuk Menyelesaikan Persamaan Nonlinear, benar hasil penelitian saya
dengan arahan Dosen Pembimbing dan belum pernah diajukan dalam bentuk
apapun untuk mendapatkan gelar Kesarjanaan. Dalam Skripsi ini tidak ter-
dapat karya atau pendapat yang telah ditulis atau dipublikasikan orang lain,
kecuali secara tertulis dengan jelas dicantumkan dalam naskah dengan menye-
butkan referensi yang dicantumkan dalam daftar pustaka. Pernyataan ini saya
buat dengan sesungguhnya dan apabila dikemudian hari terdapat penyimpang-
an dan ketidakbenaran dalam pernyataan ini, maka saya bersedia menerima
sanksi akademik berupa pencabutan gelar yang telah diperoleh karena Skripsi
ini, serta lainnya sesuai norma yang berlaku di perguruan tinggi.
Mahrani
NIM. 0703134155
Gambar 9.1: Contoh lembaran yang memuat watermark Library of Riau Uni-
versity
49
BAB 10
Disini dijelaskan LATEX 2 template untuk pembuatan Skripsi Program Studi S1 Mate-
matika sesuai dengan aturan dari FMIPA Universitas Riau. Menggunakan LATEX 2 untuk
mengedit kertas kerja lebih aman dari pemproses kata lainnya, karena dianya tidak
terganggu dengan jenis mesin dan versi yang digunakan. Dalam membuat template
ini jika, anda dapat me-run file yang anda edit secara langsung, tanpa me-run melalui
skripsi tex, karena template terlampir sudah dibuatkan project-nya.
Untuk menggunakan LATEX 2 Template silahkan extract file latex.zip yang terda-
pat di CD terlampir pada suatu direktori kosong. Sesudah mengekstract anda akan
menemukan file berikut:
1. skripsi.cls, ini adalah file class yang menset-up bentuk halaman dan style lapor-
an. Isi file ini dapat dilihat pada Bagian 10.1.
2. format.tex, ini adalah file yang diperlukan oleh skripsi.cls. Disini anda ma-
sukkan paket yang diperlukan dan short-cut yang akan anda gunakan. Jika
anda ingin menghilangkan beberapa paket yang saya ikutkan difile ini, jangan
menghilangkan paket fancyhdr, karena dianya diperlukan untuk menentukan
style dari halaman. Anda perlu mengcomment \bfseries\today di file ini
jika anda menginginkan hasil terakhir dari laporan anda. Saya menempatkan
\bfseries\today disini karena ada wisdom dibelakangnya. Isi file ini dapat
dilihat pada Bagian 10.2.
3. bgnkepala.tex, disini anda ketik ditempat yang sesuai judul laporan, nama , ju-
rusan, dedikasi jika ada, abstrak, ucapan terimakasih dan lain-lain yang muncul
dihalaman depan. Isi file ini dapat dilihat pada Bagian 10.3.
5. skripsi.tex adalah file yang dicompile dengan LATEX. Isi file ini dapat dilihat
pada Bagian 10.4.
6. bab1.tex, bab2.tex, bab3.tex, bab4.tex, disini anda ketik bab 1 sampai bab 4 dari
laporan anda. Jika laporan anda dari 4 bab, kopilah salah satu dari bab ini
dan namai dengan yang sesuai. Isi file ini dapat dilihat pada Bagian 10.5-10.8.
7. pustaka.tex, disini anda ketik referensi yang digunakan. Jika anda menggunakan
bibtex silahkan modifikasi file ini. Isi file ini dapat dilihat pada Bagian 10.9.
8. lampiran.tex, disini anda ketik apendiks yang diperlukan laporan anda. Isi file
ini dapat dilihat pada Bagian 10.10.
9. showlabel.sty, file ini diperlukan untuk memunculkan label yang anda gunakan
pada persamaan, lihat informasi diawal laporan.tex
50
to write this template, but there is no warranty this template will work forever.
Jurusan Matematika
FMIPA Universitas Riau
Imran M.
% You need to supply file format.tex, where you define the packages
% you want to use etc.
\NeedsTeXFormat{LaTeX2e}
\ProvidesClass{skripsi}[2012/03/24 Fmipa Unri Maths skripsi class]
\newcommand\@skripsiptsize{12pt}
\DeclareOption{12pt}{\renewcommand\@skripsiptsize{12pt}}
\DeclareOption{11pt}{\renewcommand\@skripsiptsize{11pt}}
\DeclareOption{10pt}{\renewcommand\@skripsiptsize{10pt}}
\ProcessOptions
\LoadClass[\@skripsiptsize,a4paper]{report}
\pagestyle{plain}
51
\setlength{\marginparwidth}{0in}
\setlength{\marginparpush}{0in}
\setlength{\hoffset}{-1in}
\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{3.8cm}
\setlength{\evensidemargin}{0in}
\setlength{\textwidth}{14.2cm}
%\setlength{\topmargin}{2.5cm}
\setlength{\topmargin}{2cm}
\setlength{\headheight}{15pt}
\setlength{\headsep}{16pt}
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52
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53
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54
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55
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% END OF MODIFICATION %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% FOR CHAPTERS ETC. %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%% BEGIN MODIFICAATION OF TABEL OF CONTENTS %%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%\def\tableofcontents{
% \begin{center}
% \vspace*{-1.6cm}
% {\textbf{DAFTAR ISI}\\}
%\end{center}
%%\dsp
%%\hspace{13cm} Halaman
%\addcontentsline{toc}{chapter}{\noindent DAFTAR ISI}
% \@starttoc{toc}}
%
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BAB\par\protect\vspace*{5pt}}}
%\def\moretox{\addtocontents{toc}{\newpage\protect\noindent
APPENDIX\par\protect\vspace*{5pt}}}
%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
10.2 Format
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% This is format.tex file needed for the skripsi.cls file. You %
56
% have to put this file in the same directory with your thesis files. %
% Written by M. Imran 2004/04/30 %
% modified by M. Imran 2012/03/24 %
% modified by M. Imran 2012/06/20 %
% Last modifiedby M. Imran 2013/03/26 %
% No Copyright for this file %
% Save your time and enjoy it %
% %
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%% Put packages you want to use here and fancyhdr is required %%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\usepackage[indonesian]{babel}
\usepackage{shapepar}
\usepackage{fancyhdr}
\usepackage{epsfig}
\usepackage{cite}
\usepackage{graphicx}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{theorem}
\usepackage{amssymb}
\usepackage{latexsym}
\usepackage{epic}
\usepackage{setspace}
\usepackage{algorithm}
\usepackage{algorithmic}
\usepackage{multirow}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%% Set line spacing = 1.5 here %%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%\renewcommand{\baselinestretch}{1.5}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%% Your fancy heading %%%%%%
%%%%% For the final copy you need to remove \bfseries\today below %%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% \pagestyle{fancy}
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% \renewcommand{\sectionmark}[1]{\markright{\thesection.\ #1}{}}
% \lhead[\fancyplain{}{}]%
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% {\fancyplain{}{\bfseries\thepage}}
% \lfoot[\fancyplain{}{}]%
% {\fancyplain{}{}}
% \cfoot[\fancyplain{}{}]%
% {\fancyplain{}{}}
57
% \rfoot[\fancyplain{}{}]%
% {\fancyplain{}{\bfseries\today}}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%Here you set the space between the main text%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%and the start of the footnote%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\addtolength{\skip\footins}{5mm}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%% Define new counter so you can have the equation %%%%%
%%%%% number 4.2.1a for example, this a gift from J.F.Blowey
%%%%% Department Mathematical Sciences University of Durham UK %%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\newcounter{ind}
\def\eqlabon{
\setcounter{ind}{\value{equation}}\addtocounter{ind}{1}
\setcounter{equation}{0}
\renewcommand{\theequation}{\arabic{chapter}%
.\arabic{section}.\arabic{ind}\alph{equation}}}
\def\eqlaboff{
\renewcommand{\theequation}{\arabic{chapter}%
.\arabic{section}.\arabic{equation}}
\setcounter{equation}{\value{ind}}}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%% Set Counter for Algorithm chapter.algorithm %%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\renewcommand{\thealgorithm}{\arabic{chapter}.\arabic{algorithm}}
\renewcommand{\listalgorithmname}{DAFTAR ALGORITMA}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%% New theorem you want to use %%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
{\theorembodyfont{\rmfamily}\newtheorem{Pro}{{\textbf Proposisi}}[chapter]}
{\theorembodyfont{\rmfamily}\newtheorem{The}{{\textbf Teorema}}[chapter]}
{\theorembodyfont{\rmfamily}\newtheorem{Def}[The]{{\textbf Definisi}}}
{\theorembodyfont{\rmfamily}\newtheorem{Cor}[The]{{\textbf Akibat}}}
{\theorembodyfont{\rmfamily}\newtheorem{Lem}[The]{{\textbf Lema}}}
{\theorembodyfont{\rmfamily}\newtheorem{Exp}{{\textbf Contoh}}[chapter]}
\def\remark{\textbf{Remark}:}
\def\remarks{\textbf{Remarks}:}
\def\bproof{\textbf{Bukti.} }
\def\eproof{\hfill$\Box$}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%% Bold font in math mode, a gift from J.F.Blowey %%%%%%%%%%
%%%%% Department Mathematical Sciences University of Durham UK %%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
58
\def\bv#1{\mbox{\boldmath$#1$}}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%% New symbol which is not defined in Latex %%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%% a gift from J.F.Blowey %%%%%%%%%%
%%%%% Department Mathematical Sciences University of Durham UK %%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% The Mean INTegral
% to be used in displaystyle
\def\mint{\textstyle\mints\displaystyle}
% to be used in textstyle
\def\mints{\int\!\!\!\!\!\!{\rm-}\ }
%
% The Mean SUM
% to be used in displaystyle
\def\msum{\textstyle\msums\displaystyle}
% to be used in textstyle
\def\msums{\sum\!\!\!\!\!\!\!{\rm-}\ }
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%% Define your short cut here %%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\def\poincare{Poincar\e }
\def\holder{H\"older }
\newcommand{\sign}{\mathrm{sign~}}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%% Redifine algorithm into indonesian (Algoritma) %%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\floatname{algorithm}{Algoritma}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% This is bagian kepala.tex file needed for the skripsi.cls file. You %
% have to put this file in the same directory with your thesis files. %
% Written by M. Imran 2004/04/30 %
% modified by M. Imran 2012/03/24 %
% Last modified by M. Imran 2013/05/31 %
% No Copyright for this file %
% Save your time and enjoy it %
% %
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% Disini anda ketik JUDUL LUAR, JUDUL DALAM, HALAMAN PERSETUJUAN %
% PEMBIMBING, HALAMAN PERSETUJUAN PENGUJI, HALAMAN PERSEMBAHAN, KATA %
% PENGANTAR, ABSTRAK, DAFTAR ISI, DAFTAR GAMBAR, DAFTAR TABEL %
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
59
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%% KULIT LUAR %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\pagenumbering{roman}
%\pagenumbering{arabic}
\setcounter{page}{1}
\newpage
\renewcommand{\baselinestretch}{1.5}\normalsize{}
\thispagestyle{empty}
\begin{center}
\vspace*{-0.5cm}
{\large\bf METODE ITERASI BEBAS TURUNAN BERDASARKAN KOMBINASI
KOEFISIEN TAK TENTU DAN \textit{FORWARD DIFFERENCE} UNTUK
MENYELESAIKAN PERSAMAAN NONLINEAR}\\
\vfill
{\Large\bf SKRIPSI}\\
\vfill
%\vspace{1.8cm}
% Put your university logo here if you wish.
\begin{center}
\includegraphics{unri.ps}
\end{center}
\vfill
%\vspace{1.8cm}
{\large \bf OLEH}\\
\vspace*{0.8cm}
{\large \bf\underline{MAHRANI}}\\
[-2mm] {\large \bf NIM. 0703134155}\\
\vspace*{2cm}
{\bf { PROGRAM STUDI MATEMATIKA}\\
[-2mm] { JURUSAN MATEMATIKA}\\
[-2mm] FAKULTAS~MATEMATIKA~DAN~ILMU~PENGETAHUAN~ALAM\\
[-2mm] UNIVERSITAS RIAU\\
[-2mm] PEKANBARU\\
[-2mm] 2013}
\end{center}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%% KULIT DALAM %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\newpage
60
\renewcommand{\baselinestretch}{1.5}\normalsize{}
\thispagestyle{empty}
\begin{center}
\vspace*{-0.5cm}
{\large\bf METODE ITERASI BEBAS TURUNAN BERDASARKAN KOMBINASI
KOEFISIEN TAK TENTU DAN \textit{FORWARD DIFFERENCE} UNTUK
MENYELESAIKAN PERSAMAAN NONLINEAR}\\
\vfill
{\Large \bf SKRIPSI}\\
\vfill
{\large\bf Diajukan Sebagai Salah Satu Syarat\\
[-2mm] Untuk Memperoleh Gelar Sarjana Sains}\\
\vfill
%\vspace*{1cm}
% Put your university logo here if you wish.
\begin{center}
\includegraphics{unri.ps}
\end{center}
\vfill
%\vspace*{1cm}
{\large \bf OLEH}\\
\vspace*{0.8cm}
{\large\bf\underline{MAHRANI}}\\
[-2mm] {\large \bf NIM. 0703134155}\\
\vspace*{2cm}
{\bf { PROGRAM STUDI MATEMATIKA}\\
[-2mm] { JURUSAN MATEMATIKA}\\
[-2mm] FAKULTAS~MATEMATIKA~DAN~ILMU~PENGETAHUAN~ALAM\\
[-2mm] UNIVERSITAS RIAU\\
[-2mm] PEKANBARU\\
[-2mm] 2013}
\end{center}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%% HALAMAN PERSETUJUAN PEMBIMBING %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\newpage
%\thispagestyle{empty}
\addcontentsline{toc}{chapter}{HALAMAN PERSETUJUAN PEMBIMBING}
\chapter*{}
\vspace*{-0.8cm}
\begin{center}
\textbf{\large\bf METODE ITERASI BEBAS TURUNAN BERDASARKAN KOMBINASI KOEFISIEN TAK T
\vspace*{-0.2cm}
61
\setlength{\unitlength}{1mm}
\linethickness{2pt}
\begin{picture}(140,0)(0,0)
{\line(1,0){140}}
\end{picture}
\vspace*{1.5cm}
Disetujui oleh:
\end{center}
\vspace*{1cm}
\begin{center}
\begin{tabular}{ccc}
Pembimbing I & \hspace*{2.5cm}& Pembimbing II \\
\vspace*{2cm} & \hspace*{2.5cm}& \\
%%%% ISIKAN NAMA PEMBIMBING I DIBARIS BERIKUT %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\underline{Dr. Imran M., M.Sc.}& \hspace*{2.5cm}&
%%%% ISIKAN NAMA PEMBIMBING II DIBARIS BERIKUT %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\underline{Drs. Agusni}\\
%%%% ISIKAN NIP PEMBIMBING I DIBARIS BERIKUT %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
[-1mm]NIP. 19640505 199002 1 001 & \hspace*{2.5cm}&
%%%% ISIKAN NIP PEMBIMBING II DIBARIS BERIKUT %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
NIP. 19580716 198003 1 002
\end{tabular}
\end{center}
\vspace*{2cm}
\begin{center}
Diketahui oleh:\\
Ketua Jurusan Matematika\\
\vspace*{2cm}
%%%% ISIKAN NAMA KETUA JURUSAN MATEMATIKA DIBARIS BERIKUT %%%%%
\underline{Dr. Syamsudhuha, M.Sc.}\\
%%%% ISIKAN NIP KETUA JURUSAN MATEMATIKA DIBARIS BERIKUT %%%%%
[-1mm]NIP. 19630512 198903 1 002
\end{center}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% HALAMAN PERSETUJUAN PENGUJI %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\newpage
%\thispagestyle{empty}
\addcontentsline{toc}{chapter}{HALAMAN PERSETUJUAN PENGUJI}
\chapter*{}
\renewcommand{\baselinestretch}{1}
\vspace*{-0.8cm}
62
\begin{center}
\textbf{Skripsi ini telah diuji oleh Tim Penguji Ujian Sarjana
Sains\\
Program Studi Matematika\\
Jurusan Matematika\\
Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam\\
Universitas Riau Pekanbaru\\ Pada Tanggal\qquad\qquad\qquad\qquad\qquad}
\setlength{\unitlength}{1mm}
\linethickness{2pt}
\begin{picture}(140,0)(0,0)
{\line(1,0){140}}
\end{picture}
\end{center}
\renewcommand{\baselinestretch}{1.5}
\vspace*{0.5cm}
\begin{center}
Tim Penguji:
\vspace*{1cm}
\begin{tabular}{llclcc}
%%------------------- Ketua Penguji-------------------%
1.& \underline{Dr. Imran M., M.Sc.} &\hspace*{6pt}
& Ketua & \hspace*{6pt} & (\hspace*{3.8cm}) \\
[-1mm] & NIP. 19640505 199002 1 001 & & \\
%%-----------------Sekretaris Penguji-----------------%
2.& \underline{Drs. Bustami, M.Si.} & \hspace*{6pt}
& Sekretaris & \hspace*{6pt}& (\hspace*{3.8cm}) \\
[-1mm] & NIP. 19620422 199103 1 002 & & \\
%%---------------------Anggota I----------------------%
3.& \underline{Drs. Johannes Kho, M.Si.} & \hspace*{6pt}
& Anggota & \hspace*{6pt}& (\hspace*{3.8cm}) \\
[-1mm] & NIP. 19490321 197903 1 002 & & \\
%%---------------------Anggota II---------------------%
4.& \underline{Supriadi Putra, M.Si.} & \hspace*{6pt}
& Anggota & \hspace*{6pt}& (\hspace*{3.8cm}) \\
[-1mm] & NIP. 19720805 199702 1 002 & & \\
%%---------------------Anggota III--------------------%
5.& \underline{Drs. Agusni} & \hspace*{6pt}
& Anggota & \hspace*{6pt}& (\hspace*{3.8cm}) \\
[-1mm] & NIP. 19580716 198003 1 002 & &
\end{tabular}
\end{center}
\vspace*{1cm}
63
\begin{center}
Mengetahui:\\
Dekan FMIPA Universitas Riau\\
\vspace*{2cm}
%%%% ISIKAN NAMA DEKAN FMIPA UNRI DIBARIS BERIKUT %%%%%
\underline{Prof. Dr. Adel Zamri, MS., DEA}\\
%%%% ISIKAN NIP DEKAN FMIPA UNRI DIBARIS BERIKUT %%%%%
[-1mm]NIP. 19591220 198603 1 005
\end{center}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% TEMPAT MENULISKAN LEMBARAN PERNYATAAN %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\newpage
\renewcommand{\baselinestretch}{2}\normalsize{}
\chapter*{LEMBARAN PERNYATAAN}
\addcontentsline{toc}{chapter}{LEMBARAN PERNYATAAN}
\renewcommand{\baselinestretch}{1}\normalsize{}
\vspace{0.3cm}
Dengan ini saya menyatakan bahwa Skripsi yang berjudul Metode Iterasi
Bebas Turunan Berdasarkan Kombinasi Koefisien Tak Tentu dan
\textit{Forward Difference} untuk Menyelesaikan Persamaan Nonlinear,
benar hasil penelitian saya dengan arahan Dosen Pembimbing dan belum
pernah diajukan dalam bentuk apapun untuk mendapatkan gelar Kesarjanaan.
Dalam Skripsi ini tidak terdapat karya atau pendapat yang telah
ditulis atau dipublikasikan orang lain, kecuali secara tertulis
dengan jelas dicantumkan dalam naskah dengan menyebutkan referensi
yang dicantumkan dalam daftar pustaka. Pernyataan ini saya buat
dengan sesungguhnya dan apabila dikemudian hari terdapat penyimpangan
dan ketidakbenaran dalam pernyataan ini, maka saya bersedia menerima
sanksi akademik berupa pencabutan gelar yang telah diperoleh karena
Skripsi ini, serta lainnya sesuai norma yang berlaku di perguruan tinggi.
\vspace{0.7cm}
\begin{tabular}{cc}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% Tulis Tanggal Penyataan ini dibuat disini %%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\hspace{7.5cm} & Pekanbaru, 27 Mei 2013\\
& Yang membuat pernyataan\\
& \\ & \\ & \\
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% Tulis Nama anda disini %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
& Mahrani \\
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% Tulis NIM anda disini %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
& NIM. 0703134155 \\
64
\end{tabular}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% TEMPAT MENULISKAN KATA PENGANTAR %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\newpage
\renewcommand{\baselinestretch}{1.6}\normalsize{}
\chapter*{KATA PENGANTAR}
\addcontentsline{toc}{chapter}{KATA PENGANTAR}
Segala\; puji\; dan\; syukur\; kepada \; Allah \; Subhanahuwataala, \;
yang\; telah\; memberikan nikmat dan hidayah-Nya sehingga penulis dapat
menyelesaikan skripsi \; yang \; berjudul \; Metode \; Iterasi \; Bebas \;
Turunan \; Berdasarkan\; Kombinasi Koefisien Tak Tentu Dan \textit{Forward
Difference} Untuk Menyelesaikan Persamaan Nonlinear. Salawat dan salam
semoga selalu tercurahkan kepada Rasulullah Shallallahualaihiwassalam, sosok
manusia \; pilihan \; yang telah membawa perubahan dari kejahiliahan kepada
ilmu pengetahuan.
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\vspace{0.7cm}
\renewcommand{\baselinestretch}{1}\normalsize{}
\begin{tabular}{cc}
%%%%%%%%%%%%% Tulis Tanggal Kata Pengantar ini dibuat disini %%%%%%%%%%%%
\hspace{7.5cm} & Pekanbaru, 27 Mei 2013\\
& \\ & \\ & \\& \\
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% Tulis Nama anda disini %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
& Mahrani \\
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% Tulis NIM anda disini %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
& NIM. 0703134155 \\
\end{tabular}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% TEMPAT ABSTRACT ANDA DISINI %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\newpage
\renewcommand{\baselinestretch}{1}\normalsize{}
\chapter*{ABSTRACT}
\addcontentsline{toc}{chapter}{ABSTRACT}
We discuss an iterative method to solve a nonlinear equation, which is free
from derivatives by approximating a derivative in the two-step Newton method
by the method of undetermined coefficients and forward difference. We show
analytically that the method is of order three for a simple root. Numerical
65
experiments show that, the new method is comparable with other discussed
methods.
\vspace{0.5cm}
\noindent\textbf{Key words:} forward difference, free derivative method,
iterative method, order of convergence, undetermined coefficient method.
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Skripsi ini membahas metode iterasi bebas turunan untuk menyelesaikan
persamaan nonlinear dengan mengaproksimasi turunan yang ada pada metode Newton
dua langkah dengan menggunakan metode koefisien tak\; tentu\; dan\;
\textit{forward\; difference}. Secara analitik ditunjukkan bahwa metode yang
dihasilkan mempunyai kekonvergenan orde tiga. Hasil komputasi mendukung hasil
kajian analitik. Komputasi numerik menunjukkan metode yang dihasilkan
sebanding dengan metode sekelas yang ada.
\vspace{0.5cm}
\noindent
\textbf{Kata kunci:} metode iterasi, \textit{forward difference}, metode
bebas turunan, orde konvergensi, koefisien tak tentu.
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% Written by M. Imran 2004/04/30 %
% modified by M.Imran 2012/03/24 %
% modified by M.Imran 2013/03/26 %
% modified by M.Imran 2013/05/31 %
% Last modified by M.Imran 2013/07/21 %
% No Copyright for this file %
% Save your time and enjoy it %
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\documentclass{skripsi}
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%\usepackage{showlabel}
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%\usepackage{eso-pic}
%\AddToShipoutPicture{\put(0,0){\includegraphics{watermarkUR.pdf}}}
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\input{format}
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\hyphenation{skrip-si ha-la-man sub-bab me-nya-ji-kan
di-na-ma-kan trans-formasi dibang-kitkan}
\begin{document}
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\listoffigures
\addcontentsline{toc}{chapter}{DAFTAR GAMBAR}
\listoftables
\addcontentsline{toc}{chapter}{DAFTAR TABEL}
\listofalgorithms
\addcontentsline{toc}{chapter}{DAFTAR ALGORITMA}
\clearpage
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10.5 Bab 1
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%% Discribe the objective of your research
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10.6 Bab 2
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\bibitem{rice:93} Rice, J.,R., 1993. Numerical Methods, Software and
Analysis, 2$^{nd}$ Ed., Academic Press Inc., Boston,
10.10 Lampiran
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DAFTAR PUSTAKA
[3] Goosen, M. Rahtz, S. dan Mittelbiach, F. 1994. The LATEX Graphics Companion.
Addison-Wesley, Reading, Massachusetts.
[4] Lamport, L. 1994. LATEX: Document Preparation System, 2nd Ed.. Addison-
Wesley, Reading, Massachusetts.
[5] Knuth, D.E. 1984 The TEX book. Addison-Wesley, Reading, Massachusetts.
[6] Kopka ,H. dan Daly, P. W. 1998 A Guide to LATEX. Addison-Wesley, Reading,
Massachusetts.
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