DAFTAR ISI

Halaman

KATA PENGANTAR ......................................................................................... i

DAFTAR ISI ................................................................................................................ ii
DAFTAR TABEL ............................................................................................... iv
DAFTAR GAMBAR ........................................................................................... v
DAFTAR SINGKATAN ..................................................................................... vi
DAFTAR LAMPIRAN ....................................................................................... vii
BAB I PENDAHULUAN ................................................................................ 1
I.1 Latar Belakang ................................................................................ 1
I.2 Rumusan Masalah ........................................................................... 4
I.3 Tujuan Penelitian ........................................................................... 5
I.4 Kegunaan Penelitian ........................................................................ 5
BAB II KAJIAN PUSTAKA, KERANGKA PEMIKIRAN HIPOTESIS .. 6
II.1 Kanker ........................................................................................... 6
II.1.1 Kanker Paru ................................................................................ 6
II.1.2 Pengertian Kanker Pa
ru .............................................................................................................. 6
II.1.3 Tanda dan Gejala Kanker Paru ................................................... 7
II.1.4 Diagnosa Kanker Paru ................................................................ 7
II.1.4.1 Anamnesis ................................................................................ 7
II.1.4.2 Pemeriksaan Fisik .................................................................... 8
II.1.4.3 Pemeriksaan Patologi Anatomi ................................................ 8
II.1.4.4 Pemeriksaan Laboratorium ...................................................... 8
II.1.4.5 Pemeriksaan Radiologi ............................................................ 8
II.1.4.6 Pemeriksaan Khusus ................................................................ 9
II.1.5 Faktor Resiko .............................................................................. 10
II.1.6 Stadium Kanker Paru .................................................................. 11
II.1.7 Type dan Jenis Terapi Kanker Paru ............................................ 12
II.2 Apoptosis ...................................................................................... 13
II.2.1 Jalur Ekstrinsik .......................................................................... 15

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 II.2.1 Jalur Instrinsik ............................................................................ 16
II.3 Obat Anti Kanker ........................................................................... 18
II.4 Kultur Sel Kanker .......................................................................... 20
II.5 Tumbuhan Jambu Air (Eugenia aquea Burm f.) .......................... 21
II.6 Senyawa Kalkon ............................................................................ 23
II.7 2',4'-dihydroxy-6-methoxy-3,5-dimethylchalcone......................... 24
II.8 Antiproliferasi ................................................................................ 25
II.8.1 MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium
bromide) ....................................................................................................... 26
II.8.2 MTS [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxylmethoxphenyl)-
2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium......................................................... 27
II.9 Western Blot ................................................................................... 28
II.9.1 Pengertian Western Blot.............................................................. 28
II.9.2 Prinsip Teknik Western Blot ....................................................... 29
II.9.2 Tahapan Western Blot ................................................................. 29
II.9.3.1 Preparasi Western Blot ............................................................. 29
II.9.3.2 Lisis Sel.................................................................................... 30
II.9.3.3 Elektroforesis Gel .................................................................... 30
II.9.3.4 Transfer Protein ....................................................................... 30
II.9.3.5 Blocking Buffer ........................................................................ 31
II.9.3.6 Deteksi ..................................................................................... 32
II.10 Kerangka Pemikiran..................................................................... 32
II.11 Premis-premis .............................................................................. 34
II.12 Hipotesis ...................................................................................... 35
BAB III METODE PENELITIAN ................................................................... 36

III.1 Waktu dan Tempat Penelitian....................................................... 36

III.2 Alat dan Bahan ............................................................................. 36
III.2.1 Alat ............................................................................................ 36
III.2.2 Bahan ......................................................................................... 36
III.3 Uji Antiproliferasi Sel Kanker Paru A549 dengan MTS .............. 37
III.3.1 Preparasi Medium Kultur RPMI ............................................... 37

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 III.3.2 Propagasi Sel Kanker Paru A549 .............................................. 37
III.3.3 Pemanenan kultur Sel Kanker Paru A549 ................................. 38
III.3.4 Platting dan Uji MTS................................................................. 38
III.4. Analisis Western Blot .................................................................. 39
III.4.1 Ekstraksi Protein ....................................................................... 39
III.4.2 Preparasi Sampel ...................................................................... 39
III.4.3 Menyiapkan Separating dan Stacking Gel ................................ 40
III.4.4 Elektroforesis ........................................................................... 41
III.4.5 Western Blot dan Konfirmai Imunologis ................................ 42
BAB IV HASIL DAN PEMBAHAAN ............................................................ 46

IV.1 Senyawa kalkon 2',4'-dihydroxy-6-methoxy-3,5-dimethylchalcone

dari daun jambu air (Eugenia aquea Burm f.) .......................... 46
IV.2 Hasil Pengujian Antiproliferasi Senyawa Kalkon dari Daun
Jambu Air Terhadap Sel A549 dengan MTS Assay ................. 46
IV.3 Hasil Pengujian Western Blot Sel Kanker Paru A 549 .............. 50

BAB V SIMPULAN DAN SARAN ................................................................. 56

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