2
Contoh 2 : Upstream sale of land.
PT. Pola menguasai 90% saham PT. Salak pada 1 Januari 2003 dengan
harga 270.000. Laba PT. Salak 70.000 dan laba PT. Pola (excl. fr Salak)
90.000. Unrealized profit dari penjualan tanah kepada PT. Pola dari PT.
Salak sebesar 10.000. Jurnal yang dibukukan oleh PT. Pola tahun 2003
adalah sbb :
Apabila pada tahun ke 2 tanah tersebut di-jual kepada pihak luar oleh
PT. Pola, Jurnal yang dibuat oleh PT. Pola sbb :
Jika dijual dengan harga 60.000, maka jurnal penyesuaian pada laporan
konsolidasi adalah sbb :
3
PT. Pola and Subsidiary,
Consolidation Working Paper Up - Stream
For the year ended December 31, 2003
PT. PT. Adjustments & Minority Consolidated
Pola Salak Eliminations Interest F/S
Income Statement :
- Sales 390.000 210.000 600.000
- Income from Salak 54.000 - b.54.000 -
- Gain on sale of land - 10.000 a.10.000 -
- Expenses (incl.COGS) 300.000 150.000 450.000
- Minority Int. Income - - 6.000 6.000
Net Income 144.000 70.000 144.000
Retained Earnings :
- R/E Pola 1/1 207.000 - 207.000
- R/E Salak 1/1 - 100.000 c.100.000 -
- Add Net Income 144.000 70.000 144.000
R/E Dec 31, 2003 351.000 170.000 351.000
Balance Sheet :
- Other assets 427.000 400.000 827.000
- Land 50.000 - a. 10.000 40.000
- Investment in Salak 324.000 - b. 54.000 -
- c.270.000
801.000 400.000 867.000
- Liabilities 50.000 30.000 80.000
- Capital stock 400.000 200.000 c.200.000 400.000
- Retained earnings 351.000 170.000 351.000
801.000 400.000
Minority Int. Jan 1, 03 (10% * 300.000) c. 30.000 30.000
Minority Int. Dec 31, 03 36.000 36.000
867.000
4
Dalam pembahasan selanjutnya akan dibahas terbatas pada depreciable
assets dan mempunyai perlakukan / dapat diterapkan pada depletion
atau amortization.
Downstream Sales of Depreciable Plant Assets :
Efek awal dari penjualan depreciable assets dengan downstream sama
dengan efek downstream non-depreciable assets. Contoh :
PT. Pipit menjual mesin kepada subsidiary PT. Sriti yang dikuasai 80%.
Pada tanggal 31 December 2001 mesin tersebut mempunyai nilai
undepreciated cost 50.000 (cost 90.000 & accumulated depr. 40.000)
dan kemudian dijual kepada Sriti dengan nilai 80.000. Jurnal transaksi
jual beli dibukukan sbb :
Pembukuan PT. Pipit :
Dr. Cash 80.000
Dr. Accumulated depreciation . 40.000
Cr. Machinery ... 90.000
Cr. Gain on sale of machinery .. 30.000
Pembukuan PT. Sriti :
Dr. Machinery 80.000
Cr. Cash . 80.000
Pada akhir periode PT. Pipit dalam pembukuannya (equity method)
membuat jurnal sbb:
Dr. Income from Sriti 30.000
Cr. Investment in Sriti .. 30.000
Pada kertas kerja konsolidasi dibuat jurnal penyesuaian sbb :
Dr. Gain on sale of machinery .. 30.000
Cr. Machinery 30.000
Apabila penjualan terjadi pada tanggal 1 Januari 2002, dan mesin yang
di-jual masih mempunyai useful life 5 tahun dengan metode garis lurus.
Pada akhir tahun PT. Sriti membukukan penyusutan sebesar 16.000
(80.000 / 5). Sesungguhnya penyusutan dalam konteks konsolidasi
seharusnya (50.000 / 5) = 10.000. Selisih 6.000 merupakan bagian laba
kotor yang belum direalisasikan bagi PT. Pipit yang pada tahun 2002
membuat jurnal sbb :
5
1. Dr. Income from Sriti 30.000
Cr. Investment in Sriti .. 30.000
2. Dr. Investment in Sriti 6.000
Cr. Income from Sriti 6.000
Kertas kerja yang dibutuhkan pada akhir tahun 2002 :
PT. PT. Adjustments & Consolidated
Pipit Sriti Eliminations F/S
Income Statement :
-Gain on sale of Machine 30.000 a. 30.000 -
-Depreciation expense 16.000 b. 6.000 10.000
Balanc sheet :
-Machinery 80.000 a. 30.000 50.000
-Acc. Depreciation 16.000 b. 6.000 10.000
Jurnal yang dibutuhkan oleh PT. Pipit setiap tahunnya sampai tahun ke 5
adalah sbb :
Dr. Investment in PT. Sriti . 6.000
Cr. Income from PT. Sriti . 6.000
Dan pada akhir tahun ke 2 jurnal penyesuaian pada laporan konsolidasi :
Dr. Investment in PT. Sriti . 24.000
Dr. Accumulated depreciation 6.000
Cr. Machinery .. 30.000
Balanc sheet :
-Machinery 80.000 a. 30.000 50.000
-Acc. Depreciation 32.000 a. 6.000 20.000
-Investment in Sriti xx.xxx b. 6.000
a. 24.000
6
Upstream Sales of Depreciable Plant Assets
Contoh : PT. Poso membeli sebuah truk dari subsidiarynya PT. Solo
yang dikuasai 80% pada tanggal 1 Januari 2002. Informasi lainnya
adalah sbb :
7
31/12 2002 Dr. Investment in Solo . 38.400
Cr. Income from solo 38.400
(to record investment income for 2002 computed as follows :
- Share of Solos reported net income 50.000 * 80% = 40.000
- Less : unrealized gain on truck 3.000 * 80% = (2.400)
- Add. Piecemeal recognition of gain (3.000 / 3 years)*80% = 800
Investment income for 2002 = 38.400
Efek upstream sale dalam kertas kerja konsolidasi :
Investment in 80% of the 100%of the
Solo (80%) equity of Solo equity of Solo
December 31, 2001 400.000 400.000 500.000
Income, 2002 38.400 40.000 50.000
December 31, 2002 438.400 440.000 550.000
Income 2003 40.800 40.000 50.000
December 31, 2003 479.200 480.000 600.000
Income 2004 40.800 40.000 50.000
December 31, 2004 520.000 520.000 650.000
Balance Sheet :
- Trucks 12.000 - b. 3.000 9.000
- Accumulated Depr. 3.000 - a. 1.000 2.000
- Investment in Solo 438.400 - c. 38.400
d. 400.000
- Equity Solo Jan 1, 02 - 500.000 d. 500.000
- Minority int. Jan 01 - - d. 100.000 100.000
- Minority int. Dec 31 - - 109.600 109.600
Minority interest income = 20% * (50.000 3.000 + 1.000) = 9.600
8
2003 : First subsequent year :
PT. PT. Adjustments & Minority Consolidated
Poso Solo Eliminations Interest F/S
Income Statement :
- Income from Solo 40.800 - c. 40.800 -
- Depreciation expense 3.000 - a. 1.000 2.000
- Minority Int. Income - - 10.200 10.200
Balance Sheet :
- Trucks 12.000 - b. 3.000 9.000
- Accumulated Depr. 6.000 - a. 1.000 4.000
- b. 1.000
- Investment in Solo 479.200 c. 1.600 c. 40.800 -
d. 440.000
- Equity Solo Jan 1, 03 - 550.000 d. 550.000 -
- Minority int. Jan 01 - - b. 400 d. 110.000 109.600
- Minority int. Dec 31 - - 119.800 119.800
Minority interest income = 20% * (50.000 + 1.000) = 10.200
9
Pada akhir tahun 2003 dibuat jurnal penyesuaian untuk konsolidasi :
1. Dr. Machinery 10.000
Cr. Loss on sale of machinery ... 10.000
2. Dr. Depreciation expense . 2.000
Cr. Accumulated depreciation 2.000
Pada akhir tahun berikutnya (kertas kerja konsolidasi 2004) :
Dr. Machinery 10.000
Dr. Depreciation expense ... 2.000
Cr. Accumulated depreciation . 4.000
Cr. Investment in subsidiary 8.000
10
Incomplete Equtiy Method :
Apabila Pelita tidak membukukan intercompany transaction sbb :
Pelita Investment Income from
Beginning R/E in Seiko Seiko
Prior years effect :
- Sale of land -5.000 -5.000
- Purchase of equipment from Seiko on
1/1 01 (20.000 * 90%) -18.000 -18.000
- Piecemeal recognition through 2001
depr. of equipment (20000/5*90%) +3.600 +3.600
Current years effect :
- Seikos sale of land to outside entity +5.000 +5.000
- Sale of building to Seiko on Jan 5 2002 -32.000 -32.000
- Piecemeal recognition of gain on equip +3.600 +3.600
- Piecemeal recog. Of gain on building
through depr. 32.000 gain / 8 years +4.000 +4.000
-19.400 -38.800 -19.400
Dalam convertion to equity method jurnal yang dibutuhkan adalah sbb :
Dr. R/E Pelita Jan 1 . 19.400
Dr. Income from Seiko . 19.400
Cr. Investment in Seiko .. 38.800
Dalam traditional method dibutuhkan penghitungan sbb :
Pelita Invest. Income fr. Dividend
Beg. R/E in Seiko Seiko Income
Prior years effect :
- 90% of Seikos increase in
undistributed income 2000 - 2001
(90%*600.000500.000) +90.000 +90.000
- Gain on sale of land to Seiko -5.000 -5.000
- Gain on purhase of equipment fr. Seiko -18.000 -18.000
- Piecemeal recognition through 2001
depr. of equipment (20000/5*90%) +3.600 +3.600
Current years effect :
- Reclassify div. Inc. as decrease in invest. -27.000 -27.000
- Share of Seikos reported income 90% +72.000 +72.000
- Seikos sale of land to outside entity +5.000 +5.000
- Gain from sale of building to Seiko -32.000 -32.000
- Piecemeal recognition of gain on equip +3.600 +3.600
- Piecemeal recog. Of gain on building
through depr. 32.000 gain / 8 years +4.000 +4.000
+70.600 +96.200 52.600 -27.000
11
PT. Pelita and Subsidiary,
Consolidation Working Paper Complete equity method
For the year ended December 31, 2002 (000)
PT. PT. Adjustments & Minority Consolidated
Pelita Seiko Eliminations Interest F/S
Income Statement :
- Sales 2.000 700 2.700
- Gain on building 32 - c. 32 -
- Loss or gain on land - -1 a. 5 4
- Income from Seiko 52.6 - d. 52.6 -
- Cost of Goods Sold -1.000 -320 1.320
- Depreciation expense -108 -50 b. 4 150
c. 4
- Other expense -676.6 -249 925.6
- Minority Int. Income - - 8.4 8.4
Net Income 300 80 300
Retained Earnings :
- R/E Pelita 1/1 400 - 400
- R/E Seiko 1/1 - 200 e. 200 -
- Add Net Income 300 80 300
- Dividends 200 30 d. 27 3 200
R/E Dec 31, 2002 500 250 500
Balance Sheet :
- Cash 131.8 32 163.8
- Other assets 200 150 300
- Land 160 40 200
- Buildings 500 232 c. 32 700
- Acc. Depr. Building -200 -54 c. 4 -250
- Equipment 620 400 b. 20 1.000
- Acc. Depr. Equip. -258 -100 b. 8 -350
- Investment in Seiko 546.2 - a. 5 d. 25.6 -
- b. 14 e. 540
1.700 700 1.813.8
- Liabilities 200 50 250
- Capital stock 1.000 400 e. 400 1.000
- Retained earnings 500 250 500
1.700 700
Minority Int. Jan 1, 02 (10% * 600.000) b.1.6 e.60 58.4
Minority Int. Dec 31, 02 63.8 63.8
1.813.8
Minority int. income = 10%*(80.000+4.000/piecemeal gain equipment)
12
PT. Pelita and Subsidiary,
Consolidation Working Paper Incomplete equity method
For the year ended December 31, 2002 (000)
PT. PT. Adjustments & Minority Consolidated
Pelita Seiko Eliminations Interest F/S
Income Statement :
- Sales 2.000 700 2.700
- Gain on building 32 - c. 32 -
- Loss or gain on land - -1 a. 5 4
- Income from Seiko 72 - d. 72 -
- Cost of Goods Sold -1.000 -320 1.320
- Depreciation expense -108 -50 b. 4 150
c. 4
- Other expense -676.6 -249 925.6
- Minority Int. Income - - 8.4 8.4
Net Income 319.4 80 300
Retained Earnings :
- R/E Pelita 1/1 419.4 - a. 5 400
- b. 14.4 -
- R/E Seiko 1/1 - 200 e. 200 300
- Add Net Income 319.4 80 d. 27 3 200
- Dividends 200 30
R/E Dec 31, 2002 538.8 250 500
Balance Sheet :
- Cash 131.8 32 163.8
- Other assets 200 150 300
- Land 160 40 200
- Buildings 500 232 c. 32 700
- Acc. Depr. Building -200 -54 c. 4 -250
- Equipment 620 400 b. 20 1.000
- Acc. Depr. Equip. -258 -100 b. 8 -350
- Investment in Seiko 585 - d. 45 -
- e. 540
1.738.8 700 1.813.8
- Liabilities 200 50 250
- Capital stock 1.000 400 e. 400 1.000
- Retained earnings 538.8 250 500
1.738.8 700
Minority Int. Jan 1, 02 (10% * 600.000) b. 1.6 e. 60 58.4
Minority Int. Dec 31, 02 63.8 63.8
1.813.8
13
PT. Pelita and Subsidiary,
Consolidation Working Paper Cost method
For the year ended December 31, 2002 (000)
PT. PT. Adjustments & Minority Consolidated
Pelita Seiko Eliminations Interest F/S
Income Statement :
- Sales 2.000 700 2.700
- Gain on building 32 - c. 32 -
- Loss or gain on land - -1 a. 5 4
- Dividend Income 27 - d. 27 -
- Cost of Goods Sold -1.000 -320 1.320
- Depreciation expense -108 -50 b. 4 150
c. 4
- Other expense -676.6 -249 925.6
- Minority Int. Income - - 8.4 8.4
Net Income 274.4 80 300
Retained Earnings :
- R/E Pelita 1/1 329.4 - a.5 f. 90 400
- b. 14.4 -
- R/E Seiko 1/1 - 200 e. 200 300
- Add Net Income 274.4 80 d. 27 3 200
- Dividends 200 30
1.603.8 700
Minority Int. Jan 1, 02 (10% * 600.000) b. 1.6 e. 60 58.4
Minority Int. Dec 31, 02 63.8 63.8
1.813.8
14
Jurnal dalam kertas kerja konsolidasi dalam traditional method :
Dr. Investment in Seiko 96.200
Dr. Dividend Income .. 27.000
Cr. Income from Seiko 52.600
Cr. R/E Pelita Jan 1 2002 70.600
15