Steam
T = 230 C
P = 10 bar
C3H8O3 C3H8O3
T = 30 C T = 130 C
P = 10 bar P = 10 bar
Steam
T = 230 C
P = 10 bar
= 202062,8 Btu/hr
𝑄
𝐴=
𝑈𝑑𝑥𝛥𝑡
202062,8 Btu/hr
𝐴=
15 𝑥 259,977 °F
𝐴 = 43,17963328 ft2
Untuk perancangan heat exchanger dengan luas permukaan dibawah 200 ft,
menurut Kern, dipakai heat exchanger jenis double pipe.
(𝐷 2 ) (0,1152 )
a (pipa) = 𝜋 × = 3,14 × = 0,010382𝑓𝑡 2
4 4
Perhitungan Double Pipe Heat Exchanger
Hot fluid : Superheated steam Cold fluid : Gliserol
5. Kecepatan massa, 𝐺 5. Kecepatan massa, 𝐺
𝑊 164,898 𝑙𝑏/ℎ𝑟 𝑊 1032,602 𝑙𝑏/ℎ𝑟
𝐺 = = 𝐺 = =
𝑎 0,008269 𝑓𝑡 2 𝑎 0,960923 𝑓𝑡 2
= 19941,46 𝑙𝑏/(ℎ𝑟)(𝑓𝑡 2 ) = 99464,34 𝑙𝑏/(ℎ𝑟)(𝑓𝑡 2 )
6. Pada Tc = 446 F 6. Pada tc = 176 F
Bilangan Reynold, Re Bilangan Reynold, Re
𝜇 = 0,04235𝑙𝑏𝑚 /(𝑓𝑡)(ℎ𝑟) 𝜇 = 84,7 𝑙𝑏𝑚 /(𝑓𝑡)(ℎ𝑟)
𝐷𝑒 𝑥 𝐺 𝐷𝑥𝐺
𝑅𝑒 = 𝑅𝑒 =
𝜇 𝜇
0,07615 × 19941,46 0,115 × 99464,34
= =
0,04235 84,7
= 35856,5 = 135,06
Menghitung jH Menghitung jH
jH (Fig. 24) = 110 jH (Fig. 24) = 1,2
k = 0,02246 Btu/(hr)(ft2)(°F/ft) k = 0,164 Btu/(hr)(ft2)(°F/ft)
c = 1245,272 Btu/(lbm)(°F) c = 0,64 Btu/(lbm)(°F)
1 1 1 1
𝑐𝑥𝜇 3 0,47 𝑥 0,04235 3 𝑐𝑥𝜇 3 0,64 𝑥 84,7 3
( ) =( ) = 12,951 ( 𝑘 ) = ( 0,164 ) = 6,78176
𝑘 0,02246
7. Menghitung h0 7. Menghitung hi
1
ℎ𝑜 𝑘 𝑐𝜇 3 1
= 𝑗𝐻 𝑥 ( ) 𝑥 ( ) ℎ𝑖 𝑘 𝑐𝜇 3
𝜑𝑎 𝐷𝑒 𝑘 = 𝑗𝐻 𝑥 ( ) 𝑥 ( )
𝜑𝑝 𝐷 𝑘
0,02246
= 110𝑥 ( ) 𝑥 0,960923 0,164
0,07615 = 1,2 𝑥 ( ) 𝑥 6,78176
0,115
= 420,21501 𝐵𝑡𝑢/(ℎ𝑟)(𝑓𝑡 2 )(℉)
= 11,6056 𝐵𝑡𝑢/(ℎ𝑟)(𝑓𝑡 2 )(℉)
Menghitung wall temperature Menghitung hio
ℎ0 ℎ𝑖𝑜 ℎ𝑖 𝐼𝐷
𝜑𝑎 = 𝑥
𝑡𝑤 = 𝑡𝐴𝑣 + (𝑇𝐴𝑣 − 𝑡𝐴𝑣 ) 𝜑𝑝 𝜑𝑝 𝑂𝐷
ℎ𝑖0 ℎ0
𝜑𝑝 + 𝜑𝑎 1,66
= 11,6056𝑥
1,38
= 382,1908 ℉
= 9,6480 𝐵𝑡𝑢/(ℎ𝑟)(𝑓𝑡 2 )(℉)
8. Saat tw = 439,94 oF 8. Saat tw = 439,94 oF
𝜇𝑤 = 0,017 𝑙𝑏𝑚/(𝑓𝑡)(ℎ𝑟 𝜇𝑤 = 08619 𝑙𝑏𝑚/(𝑓𝑡)(ℎ𝑟)
𝒉𝟎 koreksi hi0 koreksi
0,14 0,14
𝜇 (𝑇𝑐) 𝜇 (𝑡𝑐)
𝑝𝑠𝑖𝑜 (𝜑𝑎 ) = ( ) 𝑝𝑠𝑖𝑜 (𝜑𝑝 ) = ( )
𝜇 (𝑡𝑤) 𝜇 (𝑡𝑤)
Rd Ketentuan = 0,001
1
𝑈𝐷 = 1 =15,36559
+𝑅𝑑
𝑈𝑐
Karena Required Length sepanjang 117 ft, maka digunakan pipa dengan panjang 20 ft
(2 x 20 ft =40 ft). sehingga jumlah hairpin adalah sebagai berikut:
𝐿 117
Jumlah Hairpin = 𝑎 = = 2,9 = 3 ℎ𝑎𝑖𝑟𝑝𝑖𝑛
40
11. Surface Actual :
Surface = 𝑗𝑢𝑚𝑙𝑎ℎ ℎ𝑎𝑖𝑟𝑝𝑖𝑛 𝑥 (2𝑥20) 𝑥 𝑎 = 3 𝑥 40 𝑥 0,435 = 52,2 ft2
𝑄 202062,8
Ud = ∆𝑇 𝑥 𝑆𝑢𝑟𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑒 𝐴𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙 = 259,977 𝑥 52,2 = 14,88952872
𝑈𝑐 − 𝑈𝑑 15,60537524 −14,88952872
𝑅𝑑 = = 15,60537524 = 0,003081
𝑈𝑐 𝑥 𝑈𝑑 𝑥 14,88952872
Pressure Drop
Anulus Inner pipe
= 0,17225 – 0,13833
= 0,033917 ft
D′e Ga De Gp
Rea’ = = 15970,43 Rep = = 135,046
μ μ
= 0,008031 = 0,037136
ρ = 18,11683474 lb/ft3 ρ = 78,75 lb/ft3
4𝑓𝐺𝑎2 𝐿
∆Fa = 2𝑔𝜌2 𝐷𝑒 ′ = 0,164721426 ft 4𝑓𝐺 2 𝐿
∆Fp = 2𝑔𝜌𝑝2𝐷
𝐺
V = 3600 𝑥 𝜌 = 0,305753949 fps = 0,295776331 ft
𝑉2
F = 3 x (2 𝑥 32,2) = 4,515348557ft