Beban gravitasi adalah beban yang bekerja pada portal dan berupa beban
Bangunan yang akan dianalisis pada penulisan tugas akhir ini merupakan
Gedung Kampus di Kota Palembang yang terdiri dari 11 lantai tanpa basement
beton bertulang dengan f’c = 25 MPa, baja tulangan pokok fy = 400 MPa untuk
penulangan balok dan kolom, serta tulangan pembagi fy = 240 MPa untuk
penulangan sengkang.
1. Beban Mati
2. Beban Hidup
44
45
kN 2
a. Lantai : 2,50 /m
kN 2
b. Atap : 1,00 /m
kN 2
c. Tangga, bordes tangga : 3,00 /m
2m
2m
1,40 m
5,0 m
3,60 m
3,0 m
tb
tt
t'
h
29,540
h'
400
Jumlah anak tangga = 1 = 22,52 ≈ 23 anak tangga
17
O 17
Kemiringan tangga : tan α =
A 30
α = 29,540
(0,5.O. A) (0,5.17.30)
t’ = = 7,3951 cm
O 2 A2 17 2.30 2
47
h = tb + t'
= 12 + 7,3951
= 19,4 cm
tb O 12 17
h’ =
cos 2 cos 29,54 0
2
= 22,29 cm = 0,2229 m
1. Pembebanan tangga
Beban mati :
Beban mati
kN
berat sendiri = 0,12 . 24 = 2,88 /m
+
kN
qdl = 3,779 /m
48
2. Reaksi tumpuan
= 12,2983 kN/m
12,2983
9,3348
A C B
3,60 m 1,4 m
5,0 m
26,5056
A D C B
2,1552 m
27,1776
SFD
MC
Gambar 3.3. Pembebanan Tangga Akibat Beban Mati dan Beban Hidup
49
MB = 0
3,60 1,40
RA . 5 – 12,2983 . 3,60 . 1,4 - 9,3348 . 1,4 . =0
2 2
RA = 26,5056 kN
MA = 0
1,40
12,62376 . 3,60 . 3,60 + 9,3348 . 1.40 . 3,60 - RB . 5 = 0
2 2
RB = 27,1776 kN
RC = -17,7682 kN
x = 2,1552 m
2,1552 2
Mmax = 26,5056. 2,1552 – 12,2983.
2
= 28,5632 kNm
3. Penulangan tangga
Mu = Mmax
= 28,5632 kNm
Data :
bw = 1,0 m = 1000 mm
50
h = t tangga + t'
d = h - p – (1/2 . ø)
Mu 28,5632.10 3
Rn perlu = 1,1311 kN/m2
.bw.d 2
0,9.1,0.0,1675 2
min = 0,018
0,85.25 2.1,1311
= .1 1
400 0,85.25
= 0,9
f 'c 600
max = 0,75 . 0,85 . β . .
fy 600 fy
25 600
= 0,75x 0,85 x 0,85x .
400 600 400
= 0,0203
1000.0,25. .13 2
Jarak tulangan = 273,25 mm ~ 250mm
485,75
1000.0,25. .13 2
As pakai = 530,92
250
b. Tulangan susut
As min = min . bw . h
= 388 mm2
1000.0,25. .10 2
Jarak tulangan S = 202,42 mm
388
1000.0,25. .10 2
As pakai = 392,69
200
c. Kontrol geser
Vu = SFA = 26,5056 kN
VC = 1/6 f 'c . b . d
= 140 kN
Beban mati
kN
Beban dinding = 1,2 . 5 = 6 /m
kN
berat sendiri = 1,2 . 0,25 . 0,4 . 24 . 1 = 2,88 /m
kN
Reaksi tangga per m lebar (RB) = 27,1776 /m
+
kN
= 36,0576 /m
kN
Beban hidup bordes (ql) = 1,6 . 3 = 4,8 /m
qu = qd + ql
Keterangan : h = 400 m
øsengkang = 10 mm
øtulangan = 13 mm
p = 40 mm
a. Penulangan negatif
Mu = 1/11 . qu . L2
= 1/11 . 40,8576 . 32
= 33,4289
Mu 33,4289 .10 3
Rn perlu = 1,2591 kN
/m2
.bw.d 2 0,9.0,25.0,3435 2
0,85.25 2.1,2591
= .1 1
400 0,85.25
= 0,00324
f 'c 600
max 1 = 0,75 . 0,85 . β . .
fy 600 fy
25 600
= 0,75x 0,85 x 0,85x .
400 600 400
= 0,0203
max 2 =0,025
54
0,25 f ' c
min1 =
fy
0,25 25
=
400
= 0,0031
1,4
min2 =
fy
1,4
=
400
= 0,0035
As perlu = . bw . d
300,56
Jumlah tulangan = 2,26 ~ 3 Batang
0,25. .13 2
= 398,1968 mm2
As. fy
a =
0,85. f ' c.bw
398,1968 .400
=
0,85.25.250
= 29,9818
a
Mn = As. fy ( d - )
2
29,9818
=0,9. 398,1968 .400 (343,5- )
2
= 47092058 = 47,09 kN
Mn > Mu
b. Penulangan positif
Mu = 0,5 . Mn
= 0,5 . 47,09
= 23,545
Mu 23,545 .10 3
Rn perlu = 0,8868 kN
/m2
.bw.d 2 0,9.0,25.0,3435 2
0,85.25 2.0,8868
= .1 1
400 0,85.25
= 0,00226
f 'c 600
max 1 = 0,75 . 0,85 . β . .
fy 600 fy
56
25 600
= 0,75x 0,85 x 0,85x .
400 600 400
= 0,0203
max 2 =0,025
0,25 f ' c
min1 =
fy
0,25 25
=
400
= 0,0031
1,4
min2 =
fy
1,4
=
400
As perlu = . bw . d
300,5625
Jumlah tulangan = 2,26~ 3 Batang
0,25. .13 2
= 398,196 mm2
As. fy
a =
0,85. f ' c.bw
398,196 .400
=
0,85.25.250
= 29,9818
a
Mn = As. fy ( d - )
2
29,9818
=0,9. 398,1968 .400 (343,5- )
2
= 47092058 = 47,09 kN
Mn > Mu
Mu = 1/16 . qu . L2
= 1/16 . 40,8576 . 32
= 22,9824
Mu 22,9824 .10 3
Rn perlu = 0,8656 kN
/m2
.bw.d 2
0,9.0,25.0,3435 2
0,85.25 2.0,8656
= .1 1
400 0,85.25
= 0,0022
f 'c 600
max 1 = 0,75 . 0,85 . β . .
fy 600 fy
25 600
= 0,75x 0,85 x 0,85x .
400 600 400
= 0,0203
max 2 =0,025
0,25 f ' c
min1 =
fy
0,25 25
=
400
= 0,0031
1,4
min2 =
fy
1,4
=
400
= 0,0035
As perlu = . bw . d
300,56
Jumlah tulangan = 2,26 ~ 3 Batang
0,25. .13 2
Mu = 0,25 . Mn-
= 0,25. 40,45
= 10,1125
Mu 10,1125 .10 3
Rn perlu = 0,3809 kN/m2
.bw.d 2 0,9.0,25.0,3435 2
0,85.25 2.0,3809
= .1 1
400 0,85.25
= 0,00096
f 'c 600
max 1 = 0,75 . 0,85 . β . .
fy 600 fy
25 600
= 0,75x 0,85 x 0,85x .
400 600 400
= 0,0203
60
max 2 =0,025
0,25 f ' c
min1 =
fy
0,25 25
=
400
= 0,0031
1,4
min2 =
fy
1,4
=
400
= 0,0035
As perlu = . bw . d
300,56
Jumlah tulangan = 2,26 ~ 3 Batang
0,25. .13 2
3. Penulangan Geser
qu = qu dl + qu ll
VU = 0,5 qu dl . L+ 0,5 qu ll .L
= 108,17 + 14,4
= 61,285
VC = 1/6 f 'c . b . d
Check :
VU
VS =
61,285
= = 81,71 kN
0,75
Digunakan tulangan P8
As v = 2 . As
Av . f y .d
S =
Vs
100,5310.240.344
= = 101,42 mm
81,71.10 3
62
= 343,5 = 85,875 mm
4
6 . D = 6. 13 = 78
150 mm
Pilih 70 mm
Smaks = d = 343,5
2 2
Bordes
Balok
Tump. Kanan Tump. Kanan Tump. Kanan
Penampang
balok
Untuk menentukan tebal pelat minimum akan digunakan tebal pelat yang
200/400
ly = 4,00 m
350/600 2 3 250/500
250/500
lx = 3,00 m
ly 4,00
β 1,33 2 pelat 2 arah
lx 3,00
ly 3,7
β (bentang bersih) 1,33 2 pelat 2 arah
lx 2,775
1
Ib1 20 40 3 106666,6667 cm 4
12
1
Ib2 35 60 3 630000cm 4
12
65
1
Ib3 lb4 25 50 3 260416,667cm 4
12
1
Is1 Is4 300 12 3 43200 cm 4
12
1
Is 2 Is3 400 12 3 57600 cm 4
12
Ib1 106666,6667
α1 2,4691
Is1 43200
Ib2 630000
α2 10,9375
Is 2 57600
Ib3 260416,667
α3 4,5211
Is3 57600
Ib4 260416,667
α4 6,0281
Is4 43200
m = ¼ (1 + 2 + 3 + 4 )
m = 5,9889 ≥ 2
Maka :
fy
ln (0,8 )
h 1400
36 9 β
240
3700(0,8 )
h 1400 74,92mm
36 (9 1,33)
66
kN
qmati = 3,729 /m2
kN
qr atap = 0,3 /m2
ly = 4,00 m
Wu = 1,2 qd + 1,6 ql
= 4,4748 kN/m2
ly 4
1,33 2,00 pelat 2 arah
lx 3
Tebal pelat 120 mm, diameter tulangan utama 8 mm dan selimut beton 20 mm.
b = 1 m = 1000 mm
= 120 – p – ½ . øx = 120 – 20 – ½ . 8 = 96 mm
Tulangan pelat
b = 1m
min = 0,002
Mu 2,8916.10 3
Rn perlu = 0,3486 kN/m2
.bw.d 2 0,9.1,0.0,096 2
= 0,00146
1000.0,25. .8 2
S = 209,45 mm ~ 200 mm
240
1000.0,25. .8 2
As pakai = 251, 3 mm
200
b = 1m
min = 0,002
Mu 2,2955.10 3
Rn perlu = 0,3293 kN/m2
.bw.d 2
0,9.1,0.0,088 2
= 0,001386
1000.0,25. .8 2
S = 209,45 mm ~ 200 mm
240
1000.0,25. .8 2
As pakai = 251, 3 mm
200
b = 1m
min = 0,002
Mu 1,333.10 3
Rn perlu = 0,1607 kN/m2
.bw.d 2
0,9.1,0.0,096 2
= 0,000664
1000.0,25. .8 2
S = 209,45 mm ~ 200 mm
240
1000.0,25. .8 2
As pakai = 251, 3 mm
200
b = 1m
min = 0,002
Mu 0,7369.10 3
Rn perlu = 0,1057 kN/m2
.bw.d 2
0,9.1,0.0,088 2
= 0,00044
1000.0,25. .8 2
S = 209,45 mm ~ 200 mm
240
1000.0,25. .8 2
As pakai = 251, 3 mm
200
e. Tulangan susut
As min = min . bw . h
= 240 mm2
Digunakan tulangan P8
1000.0,25. .8 2
Jarak tulangan S = 209,43 mm
240
1000.0,25. .8 2
As pakai = 251,32
200
f. Kontrol geser
= 4,4748 kN/m2
= 120 – p – ½ . øx = 120 – 20 – ½ . 8 = 96 mm
73
Vu = 0,5 . Wu . Lx
= 6,71
VC = 1/6 f 'c . b . d
= 80 kN
lx = 3,00 m
ly = 4,00 m
kN 2
qr atap = 0,30 /m
= 6,034 kN/m2
ly 4
1,33 2,00 pelat 2 arah
lx 3
Tebal pelat 120 mm, diameter tulangan utama 8 mm dan selimut beton 20 mm.
75
b = 1 m = 1000 mm
= 120 – p – ½ . øx = 120 – 20 – ½ . 8 = 96 mm
Tulangan pelat
b = 1m
min = 0,002
Mu 3,8991 .10 3
Rn perlu = 0,47 kN/m2
.bw.d 2 0,9.1,0.0,096 2
= 0,00197
1000.0,25. .8 2
S = 209,45 mm ~ 200 mm
240
1000.0,25. .8 2
As pakai = 251, 3 mm
200
b = 1m
min = 0,002
Mu 3,2739.10 3
Rn perlu = 0,4697 kN/m2
.bw.d 2
0,9.1,0.0,088 2
= 0,00197
1000.0,25. .8 2
S = 209,45 mm ~ 200 mm
240
1000.0,25. .8 2
As pakai = 251, 3 mm
200
b = 1m
min = 0,002
Mu 1,7975 .10 3
Rn perlu = 0,2167 kN
/m2
.bw.d 2
0,9.1,0.0,096 2
= 0,00090
1000.0,25. .8 2
S = 209,45 mm ~ 200 mm
240
1000.0,25. .8 2
As pakai = 251, 3 mm
200
b = 1m
min = 0,002
Mu 1,0511.10 3
Rn perlu = 0,1508 kN/m2
.bw.d 2
0,9.1,0.0,088 2
= 0,00063
1000.0,25. .8 2
S = 209,45 mm ~ 200 mm
240
1000.0,25. .8 2
As pakai = 251, 3 mm
200
e. Tulangan susut
As min = min . bw . h
= 240 mm2
Digunakan tulangan P8
1000.0,25. .8 2
Jarak tulangan S = 209,43 mm
240
1000.0,25. .8 2
As pakai = 251,32
200
f. Kontrol geser
= 6,034 kN/m2
= 120 – p – ½ . øx = 120 – 20 – ½ . 8 = 96 mm
80
Vu = 0,5 . Wu . Lx
= 9,051
VC = 1/6 f 'c . b . d
= 80 kN