KADAR ELEKTROLIT SERUM PADA PASIEN KANKER PAYUDARA

SEBELUM DAN SESUDAH KEMOTERAPI DI RUMAH SAKIT

PENDIDIKAN UNIVERSITAS HASANUDDIN TAHUN 2016

Andi Anisa Nasir

ABSTRAK

Latar belakang: Kanker payudara merupakan kanker paling umum menyebabkan

kematian di kalangan perempuan. Perawatan sistemik standar untuk wanita
dengan kanker payudara stadium lanjut meliputi kemoterapi, terapi bertarget dan
terapi endokrin. Kemoterapi biasanya dihubungkan dengan sindrom lisis tumor
yang terjadi pada pasien kanker. Sindrom lisis tumor terjadi ketika sel-sel tumor
melepaskan isinya ke dalam aliran darah, baik secara spontan atau sebagai respons
terhadap terapi, yang mengarah ke temuan karakteristik hiperurisemia,
hiperkalemia, hiperfosfatemia, dan hipokalsemia. Meskipun tidak mengancam
jiwa, tetapi gangguan elektrolit akibat pemberian kemoterapi berpotensi
menimbulkan efek kardiotoksik (chemotherapy-related cardiotoxic) dan nefropati
yang berlanjut menjadi gagal ginjal akut. Pemantauan cermat terhadap elektrolit
serum memainkan peran yang sangat penting dalam prognosis penyakit.
Metode: Penelitian retrospektif menggunakan 28 rekam medik pasien kanker
payudara yang menjalani kemoterapi periode 2015 di RSP Unhas. Data dianalisis
menggunakan microsoft office excel 2007 untuk mengamati perubahan kadar
kalium, natrium, dan klorida sesudah kemoterapi.
Hasil: Tidak terdapat perubahan kadar kalium pada pasien kanker payudara
setelah kemoterapi. Tidak terdapat perubahan kadar natrium pada pasien kanker
payudara setelah kemoterapi. Terdapat perubahan kadar klorida pada pasien
kanker payudara setelah kemoterapi di Rumah Sakit Pendidikan Universitas
Hasanuddin tahun 2015.
Kesimpulan: Kadar kalium dan natrium serum pasien tidak berubah secara
menonjol setelah kemoterapi, sedangkan kadar klorida pasien mengalami
perubahan yang menonjol.
Kata kunci: Kanker payudara, kemoterapi, kalium, natrium, klorida.
 SERUM ELECTROLYTES LEVEL OF BREAST CANCER PATIENTS
BEFORE AND AFTER CHEMOTHERAPY
AT HASANUDDIN UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL IN 2015

Andi Anisa Nasir

ABSTRACT

Background: Breast cancer is the most common cause of death among women. A
standard systemic treatment for women with advanced breast cancer include
chemotherapy, targeted therapy and endocrine therapy. Chemotherapy is usually
associated with tumor lysis syndrome that occurs in cancer patients. Tumor lysis
syndrome occurs when tumor cells release their contents into the bloodstream,
either spontaneously or in response to treatment, which leads to the characteristic
findings of hyperuricemia, hyperkalemia, hyperphosphatemia and hypocalcemia.
Although not life-threatening, but electrolyte disturbances due to chemotherapy
potentially cause cardiotoxic effects (chemotherapy-related cardiotoxic) and
nephropathy progression to acute renal failure. Careful monitoring of serum
electrolytes play a very important role in the prognosis of the disease.
Methods: A retrospective study using medical records of 28 breast cancer
patients who receive chemotherapy period of 2015 at RSP Unhas. Data were
analyzed using Microsoft Office Excel 2007 to observe changes in the levels of
potassium, sodium, and chloride after chemotherapy.
Results: There are no changes in potassium levels of breast cancer patients after
chemotherapy. There are no changes in sodium levels of breast cancer patients
after chemotherapy. There are changes in chloride levels of breast cancer patients
after chemotherapy at Hasanuddin University Hospital in 2015.
Conclusion: Potassium and sodium serum levels of patients did not change
prominently after chemotherapy, whereas serum chloride levels of patients
changed quite prominent.
Key words: Breast cancer, chemotherapy, potassium, sodium, chloride.