BAB IV

PERENCANAAN KUDA-KUDA

A. BEBAN YANG BEKERJA

 Berat atap sendiri = 40 𝑘𝑔/𝑚2
 Berat gording = 7,43 𝑘𝑔/𝑚
 Berat kuda-kuda (2+0,66 L) = 2 + (0,66 × 16)

= 2 + 10,56 = 12,56 𝑘𝑔/𝑚2

 Beban hidup = 100 𝑘𝑔

Besarnya gaya pada titik buhul/beban total yang bekerja pada kuda-kuda :

1. BEBAN MATI DAN HIDUP

 Akibat beban atap
= 𝑏𝑟𝑡 𝑎𝑡𝑎𝑝 × (2 × 𝑝𝑛𝑗𝑔 𝑠𝑖𝑠𝑖 𝑚𝑖𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑘𝑢𝑑𝑎 − 𝑘𝑢𝑑𝑎) × 𝑗𝑟𝑘 𝑘𝑢𝑑𝑎 𝑘𝑢𝑑𝑎

= 40 × (2 × 9,432 ) × 3

= 40 × 18,864 × 3 = 2263,68 𝑘𝑔

 Akibat beban gording

= 𝑏𝑟𝑡 𝑔𝑜𝑟𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔 × 𝑗𝑚𝑙ℎ 𝑔𝑜𝑟𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔 × 𝑗𝑎𝑟𝑎𝑘 𝑘𝑢𝑑𝑎 − 𝑘𝑢𝑑𝑎

= 7,43 × 18 × 5 = 668,7 𝑘𝑔

 Akibat beban kuda-kuda

= 𝑏𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡 𝑘𝑢𝑑𝑎2 × ( 2 × 𝑝𝑛𝑗𝑔 𝑠𝑖𝑠𝑖 𝑚𝑖𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑘𝑢𝑑𝑎 − 𝑘𝑢𝑑𝑎) × 𝑗𝑎𝑟𝑎𝑘 𝑘𝑢𝑑𝑎2

= 12,56 × (2 × 9,432) × 5

= 12,56 × 18,864 × 5 = 556,659 𝑘𝑔

 Akibat beban hidup

= 𝑃. ℎ𝑖𝑑𝑢𝑝 × 𝑗𝑢𝑚𝑙𝑎ℎ 𝑔𝑜𝑟𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔

= 100 × 18 = 1800 𝑘𝑔

Beban total yang terjadi pada kuda-kuda :

P total = 2263,68 + 668,7 + 556,659 + 1800

= 5289,039 𝑘𝑔

Pada tepi atas dan bawah, besarnya gaya pada titik buhul = 1⁄2 𝑃, maka :

1
Gaya P = 4 (2 𝑃) + 2𝑃 = 2786,465 𝑘𝑔

2𝑃 + 2𝑃 = 2786,465 𝑘𝑔

4𝑃 = 2786,465 𝑘𝑔
2786,465
𝑃= 4
𝑘𝑔

𝑃 = 696,616 𝑘𝑔
 1⁄ 𝑃 = 348,308 𝑘𝑔
2

Reaksi Perletakan :

P = 696,616 kg
1/2P = 348,308 kg
∑FV =0
RAV + RBV – (348,308 .2) – ( 696,616 . 3) = 0
RAV + RBV = 2786,464 kg

∑FH =0
∑MX =0
∑MB =0
RAV.9 – (348,308 . 9 ) – (696,616 . (6,75+ 4,5 + 2,25)) = 0
9RAV – 12539,088= 0
12539,088
RAV = 9
= 1393,232 𝐾𝑔

∑MA =0
RBV.9 – (348,308 . 9 ) – (696,616 . (6,75+ 4,5 + 2,25)) = 0
9RBV –12539,088 = 0
12539,088
RBV = 9
= 1393,232 𝐾𝑔

Control :
RAV + RBV = 2786,464 kg
1393,232 + 1393,232 = 2786,464 kg
2786,464 kg = 2786,464 kg Ok
Tabel Gaya Batang Akibat Beban Hidup + Beban Mati

Beban Hidup dan Mati

Batang Gaya(kg) Keterangan
A1 -2472,87 Batang Tekan
A2 -1133,1 Batang Tekan
A3 -1133,1 Batang Tekan
A4 -2472,87 Batang Tekan
B1 2241,26 Batang Tarik
B2 2241,26 Batang Tarik
B3 2241,26 Batang Tarik
B4 2241,26 Batang Tarik
C1 -934,4 Batang Tekan
C2 -934,4 Batang Tekan
D1 -308,81 Batang Tekan
D2 -308,81 Batang Tekan
V1 0
V2 260,98 Batang Tarik
V3 260,98 Batang Tarik
V4 0

2. Beban Angin
Besar tekanan angin = 32 kg/m ²

Kemiringan atap = 250

Koefisien :

- angin tekan = 0,02. α – 0,4

= 0,02 . 250 - 0,4

= 0,1

- angin hisap = - 0,4

 o Gaya angin tekan, P tekan (tegak lurus batang tepi atas)
2.P tekan = koef.angin tekan × tek.angin × pjg batang tepi atas × jrk antar kuda-kuda

2.P = 0,1 × 32 × 4,965 × 3

P = 23,832 Kg

 Gaya angin hisap, P hisap (tegak lurus batang tepi atas)

P hisap = koef.angin hisap × tek.angin × pjg batang tepi atas × jrk antar kuda-kuda

2.P = (-0,4) × 32 × 4,965 × 3

P = -95,328 Kg

P tekan & P hisap diuraikan terhadap sumbu X & Y

 Akibat angin kanan

 Gaya angin Tekan (P tekan) = 23,832 kg → ½ P = 11,916 kg
Gaya Vertikal → P cos α = 23,832 .cos 250 = 21,599 kg

→ ½ P cos α = 11,916 .cos 250 = 10,799 kg

Gaya Horisontal → P sin α = 23,832 sin 250 = 10,072 kg

→ ½ P sin α = 11,916. sin 250 = 5,036 kg

 Gaya angin Hisap(P hisap) = -95,328 kg → ½ P = - 47,664 kg

Gaya Vertikal→ P cos α = - 95,328 . cos 250 = -86,396 kg

→ ½ P cos α = - 47,664 .cos 250 = -43,198 kg

Gaya Horisontal→ P sin α = - 95,328 sin 250 = -40,287 kg

→ ½ P sin α = - 47,664 sin250 = -20,143 kg

Reaksi Perletakan :

∑FV
=0
RAV +
RBV –

10,799 – 21,599 + 32,399 + 86,396 + 43,198 = 0

RAV + RBV = – 129,595 kg

∑FH =0
RAH + (2 .5,036) + (10,072) + (2 .20,143) + 40,287 = 0
RAH = -100,717 Kg
∑MX =0
 ∑MB =0
RAV.9 – (10,799 . 9 ) – (21,599.6,75) + (32,399.4,5) + (86,396.2,25) + (10,072.1,049) +
(5,036.2,098) + (20,143.2,098) + (40,287.1,049) = 0

9 RAV + 202,854383 = 0
202,854383
RAV = = −22,54 𝐾𝑔
9

∑MA =0
RBV.9 + (43,198.9 ) + (86,396.6,75) + (32,399.4,5) -(21,599.2,25) - (40,287.1,049) -
((5,036+20,143).2,098) - (10,072.1,049) = 0
9RBV +963,500617 = 0
−963,500617
RBV = = −107,055 𝐾𝑔
9

Control :
RAV + RBV = – 129,595 kg
−22,54 − 107,055 = – 129,595 kg
– 129,595 kg = – 129,595 kg Ok

Tabel Gaya Batang Akibat Angin Kanan

Beban Angin Kanan

Batang Gaya(kg) Keterangan
A1 78,9 Batang Tarik
A2 71,29 Batang Tarik
A3 43,51 Batang Tarik
A4 151,12 Batang Tarik
B1 24,17 Batang Tarik
B2 24,17 Batang Tarik
B3 -116,83 Batang Tekan
B4 -116,83 Batang Tekan
C1 50,04 Batang Tarik
C2 50,04 Batang Tarik
D1 -58,72 Batang Tekan
D2 96,85 Batang Tarik
V1 0
V2 -16,11 Batang Tekan
V3 -16,11 Batang Tekan
V4 0

 Akibat angin kiri

  Gaya angin Tekan (P tekan) = 23,832 kg → ½ P = 11,916 kg
Gaya Vertikal → P cos α = 23,832 .cos 250 = 21,599 kg

→ ½ P cos α = 11,916 .cos 250 = 10,799 kg

Gaya Horisontal → P sin α = 23,832 sin 250 = 10,072 kg

→ ½ P sin α = 11,916. sin 250 = 5,036 kg

 Gaya angin Hisap(P hisap) = -95,328 kg → ½ P = - 47,664 kg

Gaya Vertikal→ P cos α = - 95,328 . cos 250 = -86,396 kg

→ ½ P cos α = - 47,664 .cos 250 = -43,198 kg

Gaya Horisontal→ P sin α = - 95,328 sin 250 = -40,287 kg

→ ½ P sin α = - 47,664 sin250 = -20,143 kg

Reaksi Perletakan :

∑FV =0
RAV + RBV + 43,198 + 86,396 + 32,399 - 21,599 - 10,799 = 0
RAV + RBV = – 129,595 kg

∑FH =0
RAH - (2 .20,143) - (40,287) - (2 .5,036) -10,072 = 0
RAH = 100,717 Kg

∑MX =0
∑MB =0

RAV.9 + (43,198.9 ) + (86,396.6,75) + (32,399.4,5) -(21,599.2,25) - (40,287.1,049) -

((5,036+20,143).2,098) - (10,072.1,049) = 0
9RAV +963,500617 = 0
−963,500617
RAV = 9
= −107,055 𝐾𝑔

∑MA =0

RBV.9 – (10,799 . 9 ) – (21,599.6,75) + (32,399.4,5) + (86,396.2,25) + (10,072.1,049) +

(5,036.2,098) + (20,143.2,098) + (40,287.1,049) = 0
 9 RBV + 202,854383 = 0
202,854383
RBV = 9
= −22,54 𝐾𝑔

Control :
RAV + RBV = – 129,595 kg
−107,055 − 22,54 𝐾𝑔 = – 129,595 kg
– 129,595 kg = – 129,595 kg Ok

Tabel Gaya Batang Akibat Angin Kiri

Beban Angin Kiri

Batang Gaya(kg) Keterangan
A1 151,12 Batang Tarik
A2 43,51 Batang Tarik
A3 71,29 Batang Tarik
A4 78,9 Batang Tarik
B1 -217,54 Batang Tekan
B2 -217,54 Batang Tekan
B3 -76,54 Batang Tekan
B4 -76,54 Batang Tekan
C1 50,04 Batang Tarik
C2 50,04 Batang Tarik
D1 96,85 Batang Tarik
D2 -58,72 Batang Tekan
V1 0
V2 -16,11 Batang Tekan
V3 -16,11 Batang Tekan
V4 0

Tabel Beban Kombinasi Gaya Batang

Tabel Beban Kombinasi Gaya Batang

Beban Beban Beban
No (Kg) Beban (Kg) (Kg) Tetap Beban Beban Beban
Angin
Batang Vertikal Kanan Angin Kiri (Kg) Sementara Sementara Sementara
Angin Terpakai
Kanan Angin Kiri (Kg) (Kg)
A1 -2472,87 78,9 151,12 -2472,87 -2393,97 -2321,75 -2472,87
A2 -1133,1 71,29 43,51 -1133,1 -1061,81 -1089,59 -1133,1
A3 -1133,1 43,51 71,29 -1133,1 -1089,59 -1061,81 -1133,1
A4 -2472,87 151,12 78,9 -2472,87 -2321,75 -2393,97 -2472,87
B1 2241,26 24,17 -217,54 2241,26 2265,43 2023,72 2265,43
B2 2241,26 24,17 -217,54 2241,26 2265,43 2023,72 2265,43
B3 2241,26 -116,83 -76,54 2241,26 2124,43 2164,72 2241,26
B4 2241,26 -116,83 -76,54 2241,26 2124,43 2164,72 2241,26
C1 -934,4 50,04 50,04 -934,4 -884,36 -884,36 -934,4
C2 -934,4 50,04 50,04 -934,4 -884,36 -884,36 -934,4
D1 -308,81 -58,72 96,85 -308,81 -367,53 -211,96 -367,53
D2 -308,81 96,85 -58,72 -308,81 -211,96 -367,53 -367,53
V1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
V2 260,98 -16,11 -16,11 260,98 244,87 244,87 260,98
V3 260,98 -16,11 -16,11 260,98 244,87 244,87 260,98
V4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0