NPM : 1851060043 Tony Hartono Bagio

Soal No 1
Suatu struktur single degree of freedom, seperti gambar dibawah,
diberikan perpindahan awal sebesar 20cm kemudian dilepaskan.
Struktur memiliki damping sebesar 5% critical damping.
Berat struktur 10 kN/m (asumsi masa terkumpul di level atap).
Kolom berupa baja W12X35 dimana sumbu kuat bekerja pada bidang inplane,
2
sedangkan bracing berupa penampang dengan luas 30 cm
(anggap batang tarik yang bekerja sebagai bracing)

a. Tentukan persamaan getaran bebas dari struktur tersebut

b. Tentukan amplitude struktur setelah 4 cycle

θ
L

Diketahui
L= 2.5 m
h= 2m
u0 = 0.2 m
ζ = 5%
W= 10000 N/m'
W = 10000*2.5
W = 25,000 N
Kolom = W12X35
Abracing = 0.003 m²
E = 2.E+05 Mpa
E = 2.E+11 N/m²
g= 9.81 m/detik²

Tentukan
a) Persamaan getaran bebas dari struktur
b) Amplitudo setelah 4 cycles

4
a) Ix = 285 in
4
Ix = 118625956.3 mm
4
Ix = 0.00011863 m
kcol = (12 E Ix)/h³ = 12*200000000000*0.00011863/2³
kcol = 35,589,000 N/m

Soal No 1 / 1
NPM : 1851060043 Tony Hartono Bagio

kbc = EA/Lb [cos (θ)]2

Lb = √(L² + h²) = √(2.5² + 2²)
Lb = 3.20156 m
tan θ = h/L
θ = Atan (h/L) = Atan (2/2.5)
θ = 0.67474 radian

kbc = EA/Lb [cos (θ)]²

kbc = 200000000000*0.003/3.20156*[cos (0.67474)]²
kbc = 114,273,657 N/m

k = 2*kcol + kbc
k = 2*35589000 + 114273657
k= 185,451,657 N/m

m = W/g = 25000/9.81
2548.42 kg

ω = √(k/m)
ω = √(185451657/2548)
ω = 269.761 rad/detik

ωD = ω√(1 - ζ²)
ωD = 269.761√(1 - 0.05²)
ωD = 269.424 rad/detik

TD = 2p/ωD
TD = 2×3.1416/269.423587735368
TD = 0.02332 detik

Persamaan :
mu" + cu' + ku = 0

u(t) = e-ζωt [u0 cos(ωD t) + (v0 + ζ ω u0)/ωD sin(ωD t)]

-ζωt
u'(t) = e [-u0 ωD sin(ωD t) + (v0 + ζ ω u0) cos(ωD t)]

t= 0 detik
v0 = 0 m/dt
u0 = 0.2 m

u(t) = e^(-ζωt)×[u0 cos(ωD t) + (v0 + ζ ω u0)/ωD sin(ωDt)]

ζω = 0.05×269.761 = 13.4881
(v0 + ζ ω u0)/ωD = (0 + 0.05*269.761 *0.2)/269.42359

Soal No 1 / 2
NPM : 1851060043 Tony Hartono Bagio

(v0 + ζ ω u0)/ωD = 0.01001

u(t) = e^(-ζωt)×[u0 cos(ωD t) + (v0 + ζ ω u0)/ωD sin(ωDt)]

Jawaban No 1a
u(t) = e^(-13.48805 t) × [0.2×cos(269.42359 t) + 0.01001×sin(269.42359 t)]

Ø = tan-1[(ωD uo)/vo]
Ø= tan-1[( 269.761×0.2)/0]
Ø= p/2 = 1.5708

t1 = TD/4 - Ø/ωD
t1 = 0.02332/4 - 1.5708/269.42359
t1 = 0 detik

u(t) = e^(-13.48805 t)×[0.2×cos(269.42359 t) + 0.01001×sin(269.42359 t)]

A1 = u(t1)
A1 = u(t1)= e^(-13.48805 t1)×[0.2×cos(269.42359 t1) + 0.01001 sin(269.42359 t1)]
A2 = u(t1+TD)
A3 = u(t1+2TD)
A4 = u(t1+3TD)
Ai = u(t1+(i-1)TD)

i= 4
t4 = t1+(i-1) TD
0 + (4 - 1)(0.02332)
t4 = 0.06996 detik

Soal No 1 / 3
NPM : 1851060043 Tony Hartono Bagio

Untuk A1
A1 = u(0)
A1 = e^(-13.48805×0)×[0.2×cos(269.42359×0)+ 0.01001 sin(269.42359×0)]
A1 = 0.2 m

Jawaban No 1b
Untuk A4 =
A4 = u(0.06996)
A4 = e^(-13.48805×0.07)×[0.2×cos(269.42359×0.07)+ 0.01001 sin(269.42359×0.07)]
A4 = 0.07784 m

untuk A1, A2, …... A13, A14 dapat dilihat pada tabel berikut ini

i t(i) A(i)
[1] [2] [3]
1 0 0.2
2 0.02332 0.14602
3 0.04664 0.10661
4 0.06996 0.07784
5 0.09328 0.05683
6 0.1166 0.04149
7 0.13993 0.0303
8 0.16325 0.02212
9 0.18657 0.01615
10 0.20989 0.01179
11 0.23321 0.00861
12 0.25653 0.00629
13 0.27985 0.00459
14 0.30317 0.00335

[1] = no 1 s/d n
[2] = t1 + TD([1]-1)
[3] = EXP(-1*ζ*ω*[2])*(u0*COS(ωD*[2])+(ζ*ω*u0/ωD)*SIN(ωD*[2]))
dimana:
t1 = 0
TD = 0.02332
ζ= 0.05
ω= 269.761
u0 = 0.2
ωD = 269.424

Soal No 1 / 4
NPM : 1851060043 Tony Hartono Bagio

Soal No 2
Suatu struktur tanpa redaman mengalami beban harmonik dengan amplitudo 5 kN
dan perioda 10 detik selama 18 detik.
Struktur tersebut memiliki massa 100 kg dan kekakuan 25 kN/m.
Tentukan perpindahan struktur pada saat t = 5 detik dan t = 22 detik jika:

a. Kondisi awal struktur diam

b. Kondisi awal struktur diberikan perpindahan sebesar 10cm
dan kecepatan 30cm/detik.

Soal No 2
Diketahui :
m= 100 kg
k = 25000 N/m
Tbeban = 10 detik
Tmax = 18 detik
F= 5000 N

Ditanya Perpindahan struktur, saat t = 5 detik dan t = 22 detik, bila

a) Kondisi awal struktur diam
b) Kondisi awal
u0 = 0.1 m
v0 = 0.3 m/detik

Jawab :
Persamaan umum
mü + ku = F(t)
mü + ku = F sin(Wt)
ω= √(k/m)
Kondisi general
u= A cos(ωt) + B sin(ωt) + (F/k)/(1-β²)× sin(Wt)

Soal No 2 / 1
NPM : 1851060043 Tony Hartono Bagio

Soal 2a)
kondisi awal diam
u = (F/k) /(1-β²)×[sin(Wt) - βsin(ωt)]
u' = (F/k) /(1-β²)×[-W cos(Wt) - βω cos(ωt)]
β = W/ω

Freq alami
ω = √(k/m)
ω = √(25000/100)
ω = 15.8114 rad/detik

W = 2p/Tbeban
W = 2×3.14159/10
W = 0.62832 rad/detik

β = W/ω
β = 0.6283185/15.811388
β = 0.03974

u = (F/k) /(1-β²)×[sin(Wt) - βsin(ωt)]

0 ≤ t ≤ 18, getaran paksa akibat beban Amplitudo

u(t) = (F/k) /(1-β²)×[sin(Wt) - βsin(ωt)]
u'(t) = (F/k) /(1-β²)×[W cos(Wt) - βw cos(ωt)]

(F/k) /(1-β²) = (5000/25000) /(1 - 0.0397384²)

(F/k) /(1-β²) = 0.20032

t= 5 detik
u(t) = (F/k) /(1-β²)×[sin(Wt) - βsin(ωt)]
u(t) = 0.20032×[sin(0.62832 t) - 0.03974 sin(15.81139 t)]
u(5) = 0.20032×[sin(0.62832×5) - 0.03974 sin(15.81139×5)]
u(5) = 0.00394 m

t= 18 detik
u(t) = (F/k) /(1-β²)×[sin(Wt) - βsin(ωt)]
u(t) = 0.20032×[sin(0.62832 t) - 0.03974 sin(15.81139 t)]
u(18) = 0.20032×[sin(0.62832×18) - 0.03974 sin(15.81139×18)]
u(18) = -0.1981 m

u'(t) = (F/k) /(1-β²)×[W cos(Wt) - βw cos(ωt)]

u'(18) = 0.20032×[0.62832×cos(0.62832×18) - 0.03974×15.81139×cos(15.81139×18)]
u'(18) = 0.07499 m/detik

t > 18, struktur mengalami getaran bebas dng kondisi awal saat
t0 = 18 detik
u(t) = u(to) cos[ω(t-to)] + u'(to)/ω sin[ω(t-to)]

Soal No 2 / 2
NPM : 1851060043 Tony Hartono Bagio

u(t) = u(18)×cos[15.81139(t-18)] + u'(18)/15.81139×sin[15.81139(t-18)]

u(t) = -0.19814×cos[15.81139(t-18)] + 0.07499/15.81139×sin[15.81139(t-18)]

t= 22 detik
u(22) = -0.19814×cos[15.81139(t-18)] + 0.07499/15.81139×sin[15.81139(t-18)]
u(22) = -0.19814×cos[15.81139(22-18)] + 0.07499/15.81139×sin[15.81139(22-18)]
u(22) = -0.1795 m

Soal 2b)
Kondisi general
0 ≤ t ≤ 18, getaran paksa akibat beban Amplitudo
u = A cos(ωt) + B sin(ωt) + (F/k)/(1-β²)× sin(Wt)
u'(t) = - Aω sin(ωt) + Bω cos(ωt) + W(F/k)/(1-β²)×cos(Wt)

mencari A dan B
t= 0
u0 = 0.1 m
v0 = 0.3 m/detik
u0 = A cos(ωt) + B sin(ωt) + (F/k)/(1-β²)× sin(Wt)
0.1 = A cos(0) + B sin(0) + (F/k)/(1-β²)× sin(0)
0.1 = A*1 + B*0 + 0
A= 0.1

u'(t) = Aω sin(ωt) + Bω cos(ωt) + W(F/k)/(1-β²)×cos(Ωt)

v0 = Aω sin(0) + Bω cos(0) + W(F/k)/(1-β²)×cos(0)
v0 = Aω×(0) + Bω×1 + W(F/k)/(1-β²)×1
0.3 = Bω + W(F/k)/(1-β²)
0.3 = B×15.81139 + 0.62832×0.20032
0.3 = B×15.81139 + 0.12586
0.3 - 0.12586 = B×15.81139
0.17414 = B×15.81139
B= 0.17414/15.81139
B= 0.01101

u(t) = A cos(ωt) + B sin(ωt) + (F/k)/(1-β²)×sin(Wt)

u(t) = 0.1 cos(ω t) + 0.01101 sin(ω t) + 0.20032 sin(Ω t)
u(t) = 0.1×cos(15.81139 t) + 0.01101×sin(15.81139 t) + 0.20032 sin(0.62832 t)
u'(t) = -1.58114 sin(15.81139 t) + 0.17408 cos(15.81139 t) + 0.12586 cos(0.62832 t)

u(t) = 0.1×cos(15.81139 t) + 0.01101×sin(15.81139 t) + 0.20032 sin(0.62832 t)

t= 5 detik
u(5) = 0.1 cos(15.81139×5) + 0.01101×sin(15.81139×5) + 0.20032×sin(0.62832×5)
u(5) = -0.0924 m

t= 18 detik
u(t) = 0.1 cos(15.81139×18) + 0.01101×sin(15.81139×18) + 0.20032×sin(0.62832×18)
u(18) = -0.2086 m

Soal No 2 / 3
NPM : 1851060043 Tony Hartono Bagio

u'(t) = -1.58114 sin(15.81139 t) + 0.17408 cos(15.81139 t) + 0.12586 cos(0.62832 t)

u'(18) = -1.58114×sin(15.81139×18)+0.17408×cos(15.81139×18)+0.12586×cos(0.62832×18)
u'(18) = -1.5258 m/detik

t > 18, struktur mengalami getaran bebas dng kondisi awal saat
t0 = 18 detik
u(t) = u(to) cos[ω(t-to)] + u'(to)/ω sin[ω(t-to)]
u(t) = u(18)×cos[15.81139(t-18)] + u'(18)/15.81139×sin[15.81139(t-18)]
u(t) = -0.20865×cos[15.81139(t-18)] + -1.52576/15.81139×sin[15.81139(t-18)]

t= 22 detik
u(22) = -0.20865×cos[15.81139(t-18)] + -1.52576/15.81139×sin[15.81139(t-18)]
u(22) = -0.20865×cos[15.81139(22-18)] + -1.52576/15.81139×sin[15.81139(22-18)]
u(22) = -0.2298 m

Resume
2a) Kondisi awal diam
u(5) = 0.003935 m
u(22) = -0.17952 m

2b) Kondisi awal

u0 = 0.1 m
v0 = 0.3 m/detik
u(5) = -0.09237 m
u(22) = -0.22984 m

Soal No 2 / 4
NPM : 1851060043 Tony Hartono Bagio

Soal No 3
Struktur portal pada soal no.1 mengalami beban gempa El-Centro
(dengan Respon Seperti pada gambar dibawah).
Tentukan response maksimum portal tersebut terhadap beban gempa tersebut,
kemudian tentukan gaya geser dasar maksimum yang bekerja pada portal tersebut.

m= 2548.42 kg Hasil
k = 150716793 N/m' V = m SA
ω= 243.19 rad/det V = 2548.41997961264*0.3*9.81
T = 0.0258365 detik V= 7500 N
g= 9.81 m/det V= 7.5 kN

dari grafik M= Vh
SD = 0 M = 7.5*2
SA = 0.3 g M= 15 kN m

Soal No 3 / 1