PRARENCANA PABRIK SIKLO TETRA METILENA OKSIDA (STMO)

KAPASITAS PABRIK 50.000 TON / TAHUN

OPERASI PABRIK 300 HARI

I. TANGKI (T-01)
Fungsi : Alat Penyimpanan bahan baku butanadiol
Bentuk : Silinder tegak dengan tutup atas elips oidal heed
Bahan : Carbon Steel
Gambar :
In

1) Data Desain
* Laju Alir Massa = 5000.00 kg/jam
* Tekanan = 1.00 atm = 1.03 kg/cm²
* Densitas = 1035.99 kg/cm³
* Lama Penyimpanan = 7.00 hari

2) Volume Tangki (V)

V = 5000.00 kg/jam x 24.00 Jam/hari x 7.00 hari
1035.99 kg/cm³

= 810.82 m²

Tangki digunakan adalah sebanyak2 buah

Sehingga Volume setiap tangki adalah:
V = 405.41 m²

3) Faktor Keamanan = 20%

Vt = 1.2 x 405.41 m²
= 486.49 m²
10.76 ft²
= 486.49 m² x
1 m²
= 5236.59 ft²

4) Diameter Tangki
H = 0.5
h = 0.25
VT = Volume Silinder (Vt + Volume heat)
 Vt = m/8
Vh =
Vt =
D = (6Vt/π)1/3
=
{ 6 x 5236.59 ft²
3.14 } 0.33
30.48 cm
= 20.90 ft x
1.00 ft
= 636.95 cm

5) Tinggi Silinder
H = 0.50 D
= 0.5 x 20.90 ft
30.48 cm
= 10.45 ft x
1.00 ft
= 318.47 cm

6) Tinggi Elipsoidal (h)

h = 0.25 D
= 0.25 x 20.90 ft
30.48 cm
= 5.22 ft x
1.00 ft
= 159.24 cm

7) Tinggi Tangki
Ht = h + H
= 10.45 ft + 5.22 ft
30.48 cm
= 15.67 ft x
1.00 ft
= 477.71 cm

8) Tebal Dinding (f)

t = P x R

Dimana: ²³
P = Tekanan Desain = 1.00 atm = 1.033 kg/cm²
R = Jari-jari Tangki = 318.47 cm
S = Allowable Stress = 9931.97 kg/cm²
E = Joint Effisiensi = 85 %
C = Allowable Corrosion= 0.125 inchi/th = 0.318 cm/th
Sumber : ( Perry's "Chemical Engineers' Hanbook" Tabel 23.2, ed 5)
Untuk Umur Pabrik 11 Tahu= 11 th x 0.318 cm/th
= 3.498 cm
t= 1.033 kg/cm² x 318.47 cm
+ 3.498 cm
9931.97 kg/cm² x 0.85 - 0.6 x 1.033 kg/cm²
 = 0.04 cm + 3.498 cm
= 3.537 cm
1 Tangki (T-01)

IDENTIFIKASI
Nama Alat Tank
Kode Alat T-01
Jumlah 2 Buah
Operasi Kontinyu
Fungsi Alat Penyimpanan bahan Baku Butanadiol

DESAIN
Tipe Silinder tegak dengan Tutup Ellipsoidal
Kapasitas
Diameter
Tinggi
Tebal Dinding
Waktu
Bahan
 PRARENCANA PABRIK Sec. BUTIL BENZENE
KAPASITAS PABRIK 39.000 TON/TAHUN
OPERASI PABRIK 300 HARI

1 TANGKI (T-01)
Fungsi : Alat Penyimpanan bahan baku gas etana
Type : Spherical tank
Bahan : Carbon Steel
Gambar :

1) Data Desain
Temperatur = 30 0C
Laju Alir Massa = 2419.45 kg/jam
Tekanan = 30 atm
Densitas = 348.14 kg/m²
BM rata-rata = 29.99 kg/m²
Lama Penyimpanan= 7.00 hari

2) Volume Tangki
Vt = M/BM x R x T
x 24 jam x 7 hari
Density x Tekanan
= 80.68 kmol x 0.0821 atm/mol K x 303 K
x 24 x 7
548.14 kg/m² x 30 atm

= 20.50 m²

Tangki yang digunakan adalah sebanya 1 buah

Vt = 20.50 m²

3) Faktor Keamanan = 20 %
Vt = 120 % x 20.50 m²
10.76 ft²
= 24.61 m² x
1 m²
= 264.85 ft²
4) Diameter Tangki (D)
Dimana:
Vt =
D =
=
²
 RANCANG BANGUN ALAT
HEATER

Fungsi : Menaikkan Temperatur metanol sebelum ke (R-01)

Gambar :

Fluida Panas : Steam

W = 50.00 kg/jam = 110.250 lb/jam
T1 = 200 C = 392.00 F
T2 = 200 C = 392.00 F

Fluida Dingin : Bahan Baku Metanol

W = 1175.00 kg/jam = 2590.875 lb/jam
t1 = 37 C = 98.60 F
t2 = 77 C = 170.60 F

Panas yang di serap

Q = 36655.06 kkal/jam = 84462788.90 Btu/jam

1) Menghitung Selisih temperatur, LMTD

Fluida Panas Temperatur Fluida Dingin Selisih
392.00 C Tinggi 170.60 C 221.40
392.00 C Rendah' 99 C 293.40
0.00 Selisih 72.00 72.00

∆t2 - ∆t1
∆LMTD =
ln (∆t2 / ∆t1)
72.00
∆LMTD =
0.282
= 255.713

2) Temperatur rata-rata, Tavg dan tavg, 0F

Tavg = 1/2 x (T1 + T2)
= 0.5 x (392.00 + 392.00 )
= 392 0
F

tavg = 1/2 x (t1 + t2)

= 0.5 x (170.60 + 99 )
 = 134.6 0
F
3) Trial Harga UD
asumsi harga UD = 65.00 Btu/hr.ft².F
Q
A =
UD . ∆t
= 84462788.90 Btu/jam
65 x 255.713
= 5081.59 ft²

karena A<200 ft2, maka direncanakan memilih alat penukar panas tipe Double pipe Heat Exch-
anger (DPHE) dengan spesifikasi (Kern. Tabel 11, p.844)
Ukuran pipa 0,5" x 0,25", maka diperoleh
panjang Hairpin yang digunakan:
mengingat pipa dalam yang digunakan berukuran 0,25 in, maka untuk IPS 0,25 in. dari tabel 11
Kern didapat:
a' = 0.14 ft²/ft
Panjang Pipa A
L =
a'
= 5081.59 ft²
0.14 ft²/ft
= 36039.64 ft

Dipilih alat HE = 3 buah Hairpin dengan panjang 5.00 ft

Panjang Pipa total = 3 x 2 x 5.00 ft
= 30.00 ft

Koreksi luas (Luas permukaan sebenarnya) :

A = L x a'
= 30.00 ft x 0.14 ft²/ft
= 4.23 ft²

Koreksi Harga UD
Q
UD =
A . ∆t
84462788.8977487
UD =
4.23 ft² x 255.713
= 78085.88 Btu/hr.ft².F
Karena UD mendekati harga UD Asumsi, maka asumsi ukuran pipa dapat dipakai:
(kern tabel 11.p.844)
Anulus Inner Pipe
IPS = 0.50 in IPS = 0.25 in
OD = 0.84 in OD = 0.36 in
ID = 0.62 in ID = 0.54 in
SN = 40 SN = 40
a = 0.22 ft²/ft a = 0.14 ft²/ft
4) ANNULUS : FLUIDA PANAS, STEAM
(1). Flow Are, aa
D2 = 0.62 in = 0.0517 ft
D1 = 0.54 in = 0.0450 ft
π (D2 - D1 )
2 2
aa =
4
= 3.14 ( 0.0517² ft - 0.0450² ft )
4
= 0.002034
4
= 0.00051 ft²

Equivalent alir massa, Ga

(D22 - D12) ( 0.05² ft - 0.05² ft )
De = =
D1 0.0450 ft
0.00065 ft²
=
0.0450 ft
= 0.0144 ft

(2). Laju alir massa, Ga

W
Ga =
aa
110.25 lb/jam
=
0.00051 ft²
= ###

(3). Pada Tc = 392.00 F

µ= 0.023 cP = 0.0557 lb/hr.ft
De x Ga
Re =
µ
= 0.0144 ft x ###
0.0557 lb/hr.ft
= 56032.66 lb/jamft

(4). jH = 200 (fig.24 Kern, P.834)

(5). Pada Tc = 392.0 0F
(6). c = 0.26 Btu/lb.0F (fig 3, p.805,kern)
(7). k = 0.028 Btu/hr.ft .( F/ft) (Tabel 5, Kern P.802)
2 0

c.µ 1/3 1/3

[ k ] = [ 0.26 x
0.028
0.0557 lb/hr.ft
]
1/3
 1/3
= [ 0.5172142857 ]

= 0.8027066063

k c.µ 1/3
(8).
ho = JH [ De ] x [ k ] x ɸ

ɸ = 1

ho = 200 x 1.9447745759 x 0.8027066063 x 1

ho = 312.22 Btu/hr.ft².F

(5). INNER PIPE : BAHAN BAKU METANOL

(1). Flow Area, ap
D = 0.36 in = 0.0303 ft
π . D2
ap =
4
3.14 x 0.03² ft
ap =
4
= 0.00072 ft²

(2). Laju alir massa, Gp

W
Gp =
ap
2590.88 lb/jam
=
0.00072 ft²
= 3594939.17 lb/jam ft²

(3). Pada Tc = 117.32 F

µ= 0.25 cP = 0.06058 lb/hr.ft
D x Gp
Rep =
µ
= 0.03 ft x 3594939.17 lb/jam ft²
0.06058 lb/hr.ft
= 1798063.01 lb/jamft

(4). jH = 1000 (fig.24 Kern, P.834)

(5). Pada Tc = 117.32 F
(6). c = 0.26 Btu/lb.0F (fig 3, p.805,kern)
(7). k = 0.049 Btu/hr.ft2.(0F/ft) (Tabel 4, Kern P.802)
1/3 1/3
c.µ
[ k ] = [0.26 x
0.049
###
]
1/3
= [ 0.321444898 ]
 = 0.6850183084

k c.µ 1/3
(8).
hi = JH [ De ] x [ k ] x ɸ

ɸ = 1

hi = 1000 x 1.6171617162 x 0.6850183084 x 1

hi = 1107.79 Btu/hr.ft².F

(9). ID
hio = hi x
OD
ID = 0.54 in
OD = 0.36 in

0.54 in
hio = 1107.79 Btu/hr.ft².F x
0.36 in
= 1661.68 Btu/hr.ft².F

6) Clean Overall Coefficient, Uc

hio x ho
Uc = (pers. 6.7 kern)
hio + ho
1661.68 Btu/hr.ft².F x 312.22 Btu/hr.ft².F
=
1661.68 Btu/hr.ft².F + 312.22 Btu/hr.ft².F
= 262.83 Btu/hr.ft².F

7) Design Overall Coefficient, UD

1 1
= + Rd Rd diasumsi 0.0115 (Rd diizinkan <0,05)
UD UC
1 1
= + 0.0115
UD 262.83 Btu/hr.ft².F
UD = 0.0153047051

8) Required Surface Area

Q
A =
UD . ∆t
84462788.8977487
=
0.0153047051 x 255.713
= 21581813.12 ft²

External surface / lin Ft, a 0.14 ft²/ft (Tabel 11 Kern)

Required length, A/a" = ###
Dipakai hairpin yang panjangn 5.00 ft
153062504.39 ft
Maka Jumlah Hairpin =
5.00 ft x 2
 = 15306250.4385997 (diambil ### buah)

Surface Required = ### x 2 x 5.00 ft

= 153062504.39 ft

9) Actual surface Area

A = 153062504.39 ft x 0.14 ft²/ft
= ###

10) Actual Design Overall Coefficient, UD actual

Q
UD =
A . ∆t
84462788.8977487
UD =
21581813.12 ft² x 255.713
= 0.02 Btu/hr.ft².F

11) Dirt Factor Coefficient, RD

UC - UD
RD =
UC x UD
262.83 Btu/hr.ft².F - 0.02 Btu/hr.ft².F
=
262.83 Btu/hr.ft².F x 0.02 Btu/hr.ft².F
262.82
=
4.0225732757
= 65.3355790032

12) Pressure Drop

ANNULUS : FLUIDA PANAS, STEAM
(1). De' = D2 - D1
= 0.0517 ft - 0.0450 ft
= 0.00670 ft

De' . Ga x
0.00670 ft ###
R'ea = =
µ 0.0557 lb/hr.ft
= 26075.1774208878
Untuk nilai Aliran turbulen Nre > 1.000 digunakan persamaan berikut:
0.264
f = 0.0035 + (Pers. 3.47 b. kern)
(R'ea)0,42
0.264
= 0.0035 +
26075.18²
= 0.0035000004

Densitas = 9.30 kg/m³ = 0.58 lb/ft³

(2). ∆FA = 4 . F. Ga2 . L

 2. g . ρ2 . De'
4x 0.0035 x 216774.24² lb/jam ft² x ###
=
2x 4.2 x 0.06² lb/ft³ x 0.01 ft
1.0069600204E+17
=
17460.81372
= 5766970752688.15

(3). Ga
V =
3600 . ρ
216774.24 lb/jam ft²
=
3600 x 0.06 lb/ft³
= 1081.0604237516

(4). V2
F1 = Jumlah Hairpin x
2 . gc
1081.0604237516
= 15306250 x
2 x 32.2
= 277768430501.643

(5). ∆P (∆Fa + FL) . ρ

a =
144
5.766971E+12 + 277768430502 x 0.06 lb/ft³
=
144
= 2338138697.94 psi
Karena ∆Pa < 10 Psi, berarti hasil perhitungan pada batas yang diizinkan.

INNER PIPE : FLUIDDA DINGIN

(1). Rep' = 1798063.01 lb/jamft

untuk nilai Aliran turbulen Nre > 1.000 digunakan persamaan berikut:
0.264
f = 0.0035 + (Pers. 3.47 b.Kern)
(R'ep)0,42
0.264
= 0.0035 +
1798063.01²
= 0.0035

Densitas = 9.30 kg/m² = 0.58 lb/ft³

(2). ∆Fp = 4 . F. Gp2 . L

2. g . ρ2 . D
4 x 0.0035 x 3594939.17² lb/jam ft² x ###
=
2 x 4.2 x 108 x 0.58² lb/ft³ x 0.03 ft
7703505505156
=
14769795.6
 = 521571.57173 ft

(3). ∆P ∆Fp . ρ
a =
144
521571.57173 ft x 0.06 lb/ft³
=
144
= 219.42226 psi
Karena ∆Pa < 10 Psi, berarti hasil perhitungan pada batas yang diizinkan.
 T cal/gmolK cal/lbmolK cal/lbK
6.5240 5.692E-03 4.078E-06 -2.830E-09 3.100E+02 8.59610727 3899.108296599 229.3593115647

6.5240 5.692E-03 4.078E-06 -2.830E-09 3.500E+02 8.89441875 4034.419400813 237.3187882831

594142.707862 7129712.494344
103.153287
pe Heat Exch-

. dari tabel 11

²
³
Btu/lbK btu/k btu
779.8216593199 2020420.44159 24,245,045
806.8838801625 2090535.273016 108,707,834
84,462,789
28,276,440
 T cal/gmolK cal/lbmolK cal/lbK Btu/lbK
6.5240 5.692E-03 4.078E-06 -2.830E-09 3.102E+02 8.59721797 3899.6121 229.388947 779.9224201
6.5240 5.692E-03 4.078E-06 -2.830E-09 3.502E+02 8.89554476 4034.93015 237.348832 806.9860296

594219.477 7130633.72 28,280,093

btu/k btu
2020681.5 24,248,178
2090799.93 108,721,596
84,473,418