PETUNJUK MENGGUNAKAN

OPEN CUT COAL

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1. PENDAHULUAN

Buku petunjuk ini disusun untuk menjelaskan istilah-istilah yang khusus bagi Aplikasi
Open Cut Coal agar pengguna dapat memahami dasar penggunaannya secara efektif.

Aplikasi Open Cut Coal adalah salah satu aplikasi dari Minescape yang dirancang
untuk membuat desain tambang tiga dimensi baik perencanaan jangka panjang atau
jangka pendek serta penentuan cadangan ekonomis tambang.

Mengingat Open Cut Coal adalah bagian dari Minescape, maka tentu saja dapat
berinteraksi dengan aplikasi lainnya dalam Minescape dan juga dengan CAD sebagai
fasilitas perancang dan pengolah grafis tiga dimensi.

Buku petunjuk ini dibuat dengan asumsi sebagai berikut:

 Anda mengetahui prinsip dasar Minescape seperti misalnya tentang Grid, Table,
Design File, Surface, Volume, Reserves, Reports dan sebagainya.
 Anda mengetahui bagaimana cara menggunakan General Minescape, misalnya
membuat design file, membuat output grafis (contour, section dan sebagainya).
 Anda mengetahui bagaimana cara mengoperasikan MagiCad seperti misalnya
membuat elemen poligon, garis dan sebagainya.
 Anda mempunyai pengetahuan yang cukup tentang konsep tambang dan istilah-
istilahnya.

1.1 Konsep Dasar

Pembuatan desain dalam Minescape didasarkan pada penggunaan Design Element

atau Minescape Blocks. Design Element umumnya digunakan dalam desain
Pit/Ramp atau Short Term, sedangkan Minescape Block digunakan pada desain Long
Term.

Design Element dan Minescape block adalah elemen grafis khusus dimana pada
setiap segmen elemennya mempunyai suatu spesifikasi yang disebut Side Definition.

Side definition adalah suatu spesifikasi definisi yang mengatur nilai sudut proyeksi
dan jarak proyeksi offset yang dapat diberlakukan terhdap suatu design element atau
minescape block. Side definition diberlakukan dengan menggunakan fungsi yang
disebut Tag Point.

Design element atau minescape block yang telah mempunyai side definition,
kemudian dapat diproyeksikan pada suatu surface tertentu.
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Surface yang digunakan pada proyeksi desain dapat berupa Minescape surface (grid
atau traingle), Stratmodel surface atau Expression surface.

Proyeksi dilakukan dengan cara menempatkan suatu design element atau minescape
block pada suatu surface kemudian diproyeksikan ke atas, ke bawah atau horisontal.

1.2 Memulai Opencut

Untuk memulai open cut ada beberapa cara, yaitu:

 Melalui pemilihan produk Open Cut Coal pada saat memunculkan Minescape
start-up command.
 Mengubah project Minescape yang sudah ada dengan memilih Page - Change
Product - Open Cut Coal.
 Membuka modul open cut dengan memilih Page - Open Product - Open Cut
Coal.

Pit Ramp Design

Ramp is a Minescape application that provide for creating pit and ramp design.

Desain ramp use Minescape surfaces or bench elevations to generate crest and toe.

Project and Offset function in enable to change control and specification in each step of design
creation process, provide a tool to simulate a pit design creation.

Ramp use Design Element and Tags to control and complete a design.

Design element is a specified element that has side definitions associated with them and this is how
the module determines the angle and offsets for projections.

Ramp Definition
The ramp is defined by the following parameters:

Lead in distance: Distance from ramp segment to end of transition curve.

Lead out distance: Distance from ramp segment to end of transition curve.

Ramp width: Length of the inserted ramp segment.

Lead in offset: Usually half the ramp width. This is the length-portion of the
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Lead Out Offset

Lead In Distance

Lead Out Distance

Wall

Lead In Offset
Floor

Ramp Type
Ramp is defined its berm type. There are four type of berm:
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Ramp Specification
Ramp specification defined the following:
 Ramp grade. Grade in percent.

 Offset. Offset distance (for Constant Berm only).

 Display Definition. Name of display difinition assigned for ramp graphical display

Bench Definition
Builds a bench definition Spec to define nomenclature and elevations of benches.
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Bench definition name. The definition name of the Spec.

Bench name. A 16-character field that should always commence with a character in the range A-Z.

Bottom elevation.The elevation of the bottom of the bench.

Top elevation.The elevation of the top of the bench.

Mid/Slice elevation.Used in conjunction with block models when producing graphical slices through
the block model. The model is sliced at this elevation when a bench slice is requested.

Design elevation.Defines the elevation used for design purposes.This option has three possible
values:Top/Bottom/Slice

Calculate button. Allows user to automatically generate a bench Spec by providing information in the
supplied fields.

Crest dan Toe Projection

This function is used to generate toe, crest, ramp and ray elements projected to specific benches,
surfaces, elevations, or delta z's. It is generally used for open pit ramp design, but certainly has other
applications. This function only works with design elements.

Several methods are available for controlling projections and offsets.

 Bench: Projections and offsets are performed through the input start and end bench range. This
range of bench is defined in the bench definition specification.

 Surface: This option is similar in concept to the Bench method. Projections and offsets are
performed on an ordered set of surfaces. This set of surfaces is defined in the surface definition
specification.

 Elevation: Projections and offsets are performed through the input start and target elevation
range.

 Delta Z: Projections and offsets are performed through the input start and target height range.

Pit Design Surface

The result of pit design can then be generated to form a surface for 3D graphics display or volume
calculation.
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Tutorial 1: Defined a Bench Specification

Bench specification is defined by following menu:

MINESCAPE EXPLORER-SPECS-CREATE-SPEC CATEGORY

Bench can be base onto Constant elevation or Surfaces. Bench specification can be generated either
by keyin the parameters or using calcute button. Allows user to automatically generate a bench Spec
by providing information in the supplied fields.

Generate Bencg Specification using Calculate

Complete the form above.

Bench Name Prefix. characters field that should always commence with a character in the range A-Z.

 Start Bench Number. Start bench number.

 Start Elevation. Bench start elevation.

 End Bench Number. End bench number.

 Bench Naming Increment. An increment value for bench number.

 Bench Height. Height of each bench

 Mid Bench Height. Used in conjunction with block models when producing graphical slices
through the block model. The model is sliced at this elevation when a bench slice is requested.

 Design Elevation. Defines the elevation used for design purposes. This option has three possible
values: Top/Bottom/Slice

Exercise 2: Pit Design

Pit desegn is generated by projecting a design element which side definition assigned into bench or
surface.

Prior to generate the pit, first step of design is creating a pit base to used in.
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Drawn a Pit Base

Draw a polygon similar to bellow example. Ensure that the polygon is drawn in deposit area. You may
need to reference contour structure layers. This polygon will be used as base element for pit design
projection.

Insert Ramp

Next step in pit design creation is to define ramp position by insert the ramp into pit base polygon.

Menu: STRIP_DESIGN-RAMP-INSERT RAMP, fill the form as example:

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Ramp spec.
Name of ramp specification to apply. Ramp specification can be created by holding right button
mouse in ramp spec field. Fill the form as example bellow, then select OK.
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Select OK in Insert Ramp Form, then move cursor to the position where the ramp to be assigned.

Assigned Side Definition

Menu: STRIP_DESIGN-TAG DESIGN SEGMENT

Complete the form as above example, then select apply, select element segment whre Hw45 side
definition to be assigned..

Repeat the procedure to assigned other side definition, e.g. Lw40, then select element segment
where Lw40 side definition to be assigned..

Exercise 2: Projects Crest and Toe

This function is used to generate toe, crest, ramp and ray elements projected to specific enches,
surfaces, elevations, or delta z's. It is generally used for open pit ramp design, but certainly has other
applications. This function only works with design elments. To create a design element, you can use
the menu option Tag Design Segments. Design elements have side definitions associated with them
and this is how the module determines the angle and offsets for projections.

Menu: STRIP DESIGN-RAMP-PROJECT AND OFFSET

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1. Installation Method. Several methods are available for controlling projections and offsets:

 Bench. Projections and offsets are performed throug the input start and end bench range.
Remember that the projection angle and offset distances are obtained from the side definition
information which is stored at each design element vertex. The bench names and associated
elevations or surfaces are obtained from the bench definition spec which is nominated/created
on the Settings tabdeck.

 Surface. This option is similar in concept to the Bench method. Projections and offsets are
performed on an ordered set of surfaces. This set of surfaces is defined in the surface definition
specification which is nominated/created on the Settings tabdeck.

 Elevation:Projections and offsets are performed through the input start and target elevation
range.

 Delta Z:Projections and offsets are performed through the input start and target height range. An
example of use would be a situation where you have a line at the correct horizontal location, but
would like to start benching at an elevation 20 metres (Start value) above the location of this line
over a total height difference of 50 meters (Target value).

Start and Target Value. The default bench height is used in situations where there is an operation
range for either Elevation or Delta-Z which results in muliple benches. Since bench height is not
stored in the design elements (where as angles and offsets are), this value is used to determine
heights between benches. You can leave the target values blank. The module will bench one time for
each APPLY.
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Benching can be performed in either an upwards or downwards direction. The horizontal direction
will be determined by: 1) element vertex direction, and 2) positive vs. negative benchheight. With a
positive benchheight, offset direction will change with line direction. With a given line direction,
offsets direction will change between positive and negative bench heights. However, projection
always progresses in the target direction. The module first trys to determine up/down direction
based on the Target value which as mentioned above, may be missing. If the target value is missing,
the default bench height is used to determine direction (i.e. positive vs negative).

 Element: This is an installation method which uses the current Installed element as is (i.e. the
installed element is not modified prior to projections/offsets). If you select this method of install,
you must still select a methodology to control the range of the offsets and projects. For example,
if you have a sloped toe line that starts at elevation 0 and ends at elevation 100, you may wish to
install that element and begin benching at elevation 20 and end benching at elevation 80. The
first offset/projection line will start at the point where the installed line is at elevation 20 and
progress upwards from there.

 Installed element. All of the operations are performed on the curently Installed element. PICK
the desired start element. This element is then installed by currently depressed Install method
radio button at the specified Start value. This installation process is executed every time you
APPLY, however, you can explicitly install the element at any time by pressing the Install
pushbutton beneath the element id field.

There are 4 toggles which further control the operations:

 Project:Tick, this box if you wish to project the line.

 Offset:Tick. this box if you wish to offset the line.

 Offset first:Tick. This box only appears if both project and offset are ticked. If this box is ticked,
the first operation will be an offset instead of a projection.

 Generate rays Tick: If this box is ticked, rays will be generated for offsets and projections.
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1. Layers.

The layers panel allows you to output the different element types to specific layers. It also allows you
to manage the display definition for the different element types. Remember the display definition for
crest and toe lines iscontrolled by the side definition information stored at each element vertex.
However, you can override the line style and weights here. If any output layer is left blank, the new
elements will be created on the current designfile layer. Other controls are explained below:

2. Controls

Bench spec: This is a specification which contains information about bench names and associated
elevations or surfaces. It is used in conjunction with the Bench projection method. Use your right
mouse button on this field to create a new bench spec. After creating it, it is available as a selection.
Selecting it will install it as the current benching specification.

Surface spec: This is a specification which contains an ordered list of surfaces. It is used in
conjunction with the Surface projection method. Use your right mouse button on this field to create
a new surface spec. After creating it, it is available as a selection. Selecting it will install it as the
current surface specification.

Filter tolerance:In situations where a sample interval is used, excessive vertices can be filtered from
the resulting line.
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Sample interval:Projections to surfaces which are not at a constant elevation may look much better if
the surface is sampled along the line at a reasonable interval other than just at each vertex.

 Use bench surface. This box is ticked if surface specification is used.

 Ramp Gradient Type. The option are Maximum, Minimum, Centre or Average.

 Perpendicular Ramp Ends. Jika dipilih, maka bagian akhir dari ramp akan tegak lurus terhadap
ujung-ujung ramp.
 Ramp centre-lines. Jika dipilih, centre-line dari ramp akan dibuat pada desain.
 Offset controls - Jika dipilih, offset akan dikontrol
Ramp Projection Steps

Pit design can be generated by projecting crest and toe with following step:

1. Installation Method: select Element

2. Start Method: select Bench

3. Pick Design Element to Project and Installed Element

Pick design element, which is in layer pit base. Installed Element button, , move cursor then
select the element from CAD. Element ID will automatically supplied when the elemnt is picked.

After element pick, select INSTALL button to applied element installation.

3. Select Projection Method

Tick the following projection method Project, Offset (project then offset) and Generate Rays.
Projection can start with offset first, by ticke the Offset First dan Project box.

4. Setting Tab Input.

Select Setting tab.

Output layers are P01_Crest, P01_Toe, P01_Ramp dan P01_Rays.

Select Display Definition name from list or use default.

Bench specication: Bench10.

Surface specification, left this field blank.

Filter tolerance: 0.2

Sample Interval: 50

Ramp Grade Type: Maximum

Perpendicullar ramp end: Ticked

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Offset control

Ramp Centre Line

5. Start Design Generation

Select start bench value M50, target bench value M40.

Select Apply, when its finish, turn on layers Pit01_Crest, Pit01_Toe, Pit01_Ramp dan Pit01_Rays
from Layers manager.

Continued the projection by define the currrent strat value and defined the next target bench,
then select Apply.

For convenience, an UNDO button is supplied on the form. This undo is slightly different from the
standard CAD undo in that it keeps track of the currently installed element and its elevation
information.

Exercise 4: Generate Pit Ramp Design

Surface (Triangle)
1. Clip all generated element above the topo surface by bellow menu:

MINESCAPE EXPLORER-SURFACE-PROCESS-ELEMENT INTERSECT

Fill the form as example above.

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2. Triangulate the cliped design element

Triangle is generated to form the pit design surface.

Fill the form as example above.

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