DAFTAR ISI

DAFTAR ISI...................................................................................................i

DAFTAR TABEL………..............................................................……………iv

DAFTAR GAMBAR.......................................................................................v

DAFTAR SINGKATAN.................................................................................vi

DAFTAR LAMBANG................................................................................. viii

BAB I PENDAHULUAN................................................................................1

1.1 Latar Belakang.......................................................................................1

1.2 Rumusan Masalah.................................................................................3

1.3 Tujuan Penelitian...................................................................................4

1.3.1 Tujuan Umum................................................................................4

1.3.2 Tujuan Khusus...............................................................................4

1.4 Hipotesis Penelitian...............................................................................5

1.5 Manfaat Penelitian.................................................................................5

BAB II TINJAUAN PUSTAKA…...................................................................7

2.1 Tidur.......................................................................................................7

2.1.1 Definisi..........................................................................................7

2.1.2 Fisiologi tidur.................................................................................7

2.1.3 Perkembangan struktur tidur pada bayi dan anak......................12

2.1.4 Tahapan tidur normal..................................................................15

2.1.4.1 Tidur non-Rapid Eye Movement (NREM) ............................16

2.1.4.1 Tidur Rapid Eye Movement (REM) ......................................18

2.2 Gangguan tidur.....................................................................................18

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 2.2.1 Definisi.........................................................................................18

2.2.2 Klasifikasi gangguan tidur............................................................19

2.2.3 Evaluasi gangguan tidur...............................................................28

2.2.4 Metode pengukuran kualitas tidur...............................................31

2.2.4.1 Pemeriksaan objektif ............................................................32

2.2.4.1.1 Polysomnography (PSG) ............................................32

2.2.4.1.2 Actigraphy (ACG) ........................................................34

2.2.4.2 Pemeriksaan subjektif...........................................................37

2.2.4.2.1 Children’s Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ)..........40

2.2.4.2.2 Sleep Disturbance Scale for Children (SDSC)............42

2.2.4.2.3 Pediatric Sleep Questionnaire (PSQ) .........................44

2.2.4.2.4 BEARS Questionnaire ................................................44

2.2.4.2.5 Brief Infant Sleep Questionnaire (BISQ)......................46

2.2.5 Tatalaksana gangguan tidur........................................................50

2.2.6 Gangguan tidur dan kesejahteraan bayi....................................53

2.3. Faktor risiko gangguan tidur pada bayi.............................................. 55

2.3.1 Faktor internal ............................................................................56

2.3.2 Faktor eksternal .........................................................................64

2.4. Kerangka Teori................................................................................... 79

2.5. Kerangka Konseptual......................................................................... 84

BAB III Metodologi Penelitian.....................................................................86

3.1 Rancangan Penelitian .........................................................................86

3.2 Tempat dan Waktu Penelitian ..............................................................86

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3.3 Populasi dan Sampel Penelitian .........................................................86

3.3.1 Populasi Penelitian ....................................................................86

3.3.2 Sampel Penelitian ......................................................................86

3.3.2.1 Kriteria Inklusi .....................................................................87

3.3.2.2 Kriteria Eksklusi ..................................................................87

3.3.3 Besar Sampel ............................................................................87

3.3.2 Cara Pengambilan Sampel ........................................................88

3.4 Kelayakan Etik……………. .................................................................88

3.5 Variabel Penelitian……… ....................................................................89

3.6 Definisi Operasional ............................................................................89

3.7 Instrumen Penelitian ...........................................................................91

3.8 Cara Penelitian ....................................................................................92

3.9 Penilaian Gangguan Tidur ...................................................................93

3.10 Analisis Data ......................................................................................93

3.11 Jadwal Penelitian ...............................................................................94

3.12 Alur Penelitian ...................................................................................95

DAFTAR PUSTAKA....................................................................................96

LAMPIRAN...............................................................................................109

Lampiran 1. Formulir persetujuan orang tua............................................109

Lampiran 2. Formulir penelitian................................................................110

Lampiran 3. Formulir BISQ.......................................................................113

Lampiran 4. Kurva gizi WHO Berat badan/Panjang badan 0-2 tahun.....114

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 DAFTAR TABEL

Tabel 1. Perubahan perkembangan normal pada arsitektur tidur anak. .14

Tabel 2. Klasifikasi gangguan tidur menurut DSM-IV............................. 20

Tabel 3. Pemeriksaan subjektif pada gangguan tidur anak dan remaja. 41

Tabel 4. Indikator kuesioner BEARS.......................................................45

Tabel 5. Indikator Brief Infant Sleep Questionnaire (BISQ).................... 49

Tabel 6. Distribusi sampel berdasarkan Puskesmas.............................. 88

Tabel 7. Jadwal penelitian Juli – November 2018.................................. 94

DAFTAR GAMBAR

Gambar 1. Gambaran EEG saat bangun dan berbagai tahapan tidur......8

Gambar 2. Dua proses regulasi tidur.......................................................10

Gambar 3. Kebutuhan tidur menurut umur.............................................15

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Gambar 4. Polysomnography pada anak................................................33

Gambar 5. Alat wrist actigraph.................................................................34

Gambar 6. Actogram dan analisis parameter tidur..................................36

Gambar 7. Kerangka Teori........................................................................82

Gambar 8. Kerangka Konseptual..............................................................84

DAFTAR SINGKATAN

AAP : American Academy of Pediatrics

AASM : American Academy of Sleep Medicine

ACTH : Adenocorticotropic hormone

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ACG : Actigraphy

ADHD : Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorders

APGAR : Appearance Pulse Grimace Activity Respiration

ARAS : Ascending Reticular Activating System

ASHS : Adolescent Sleep Hygiene Scale

ASI : Air Susu Ibu

BBLR : Bayi Berat Lahir Rendah

BEARS : Bedtime resistance, Excessive daytime sleepiness, Awakenings

during the night, Regularity and duration of sleep, Snoring

BISQ : Brief Infant Sleep Questionnaire

BPJS : Badan Penyelenggara Jaminan Sosial

BRQ : Bedtime Routines Questionnaire

CSH : Children’s Sleep Hygiene scale

CSHQ : Children’s Sleep Habits Questionnaire

CSWS : Children’s Sleep Wake Scale

DSM IV : Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders edisi ke-4

EEG : Elektroensefalografi

GH : Growth Hormone

HLA : Human Leukocyte Antigen

ICD : International Classifiaction of Diseases

IK : Interval Kepercayaan

ISQ : Infant Sleep Questionnaire

LH : Luteinizing hormone

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NREM : Non-Rapid Eye Movement

OR : Odds Ratio

OSAS : Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome

PSG : Polisomnography

PSQ : Pediatric Sleep Questionnaire

REM : Rapid Eye Movement

RQ : Respiratory Quotient

SB : Simpangan Baku

SCN : Suprachiasmatic nucleus

SDSC : Sleep Disturbance Scale for Children

SIDS : Sudden Infant Death Syndrome

SOL : Sleep Onset Latency

SPSS : Statistical Package for Social Science

SSQ : Sleep and Settle questionnaire

SWS : Slow Wave Sleep

TCSQ : Tayside Children’s Sleep Questionnaire

TSH : Tyroid Stimulating Hormone

WASO : Wake After Sleep Onset

DAFTAR LAMBANG

- : sampai/hingga

% : persentase

/ : atau

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< : kurang dari

 : kurang dari atau sama dengan

> : lebih dari

 : lebih dari atau sama dengan

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