Nama : Laila Roikhatul Jannah

Nim/Kelas : 17030234025/ KA 2017

Tugas Kepuskim

1. Kamus Bahasa Indonesia

Nama Kamus : kamus Istilah Kimia

Subyek Keterangan dalam kamus

Bobot ekuivalen dalam suatu reaksi redoks, massa zat yang akan meperoleh atau
kehilangan 1 mol elektron (g); dalam reaksi asam-basa, massa
zat yang akn membebaskan atau bereaksi dengan 1 mol proton
(g).
Bijih suatu mineral yang berperan sebagai sumber bahan yang
berguna.
Energi kristal perubahan entalpi bila ion gas yang berjarak besar saling
mendekat untuk membentuk zat kristalin (kJ/mol). Juga disebut
energi kisi.
Ester suatu senyawa organik yang dianggap diturunkan dari suatu
asam karboksilat dengan menggantikan hidrogen dari gugus
hidroksil dengan suatu gugus hidrokarbon. esterifikasi, reaksi
(esterification reaction): suatu reaksi organik dalam mana suatu
asam karboksilat dan suatu alkohol bereaksi membentuk suatu
ester dan air.
Fungsi suatu fungsi matematis yang menguraikan daerah (orbital)
gelombang dalam sebuah atom atau molekul, dalam mana sangat mungkin
berada sebuah elektron tertentu.
Unsur transisi semua unsur famili-B dalam Tabel Berkala, termasuk unsur
aktinida dan lantanida.
Sikloalkana hidrokarbon siklik yang mengandung hanya ikatan-ikatan
tunggal yang m erupakan isomer alkena.
Tekanan tekanan yang diperlukan untuk mengimbangi/mencegah aliran
osmosis pelarut (pada 1 atm) ke dalam suatu larutan, lewat suatu selaput
 semipermeabel; y = nRT/V.
Voltase sel ( jumlah aljabar potensial reduksi dan oksidasi untuk dua reaksi-
separuh yang terjadi pads elektrode-elektrode: sebuah sel volta
(V).
Efloresens pelapukan; hilangnya air hidrasi suatu kristal ke udara yang
kelembabannya rendah.
Molaritas satuan untuk mengukur konsentrasi larutan: mol zat terlarut/L
larutan. molekul: partikel terkecil suatu zat yang masih
mempunyai karakteristik zat itu. momen dipol (dipole
moment): ukuran derajat kepolaran suatu molekul (D). momen
ikatan (bond moment): momen polar dari suatu ikatan kimia
individu (D). monomer: molekul kecil yang merupakan satuan
struktur berulang dalam suatu poli¬mer.
Nuklide sebuah atom yang diperbedakan dari atom lain oleh banyaknya
proton dan neutron yang dikandungnya.
Orbital molekul suatu orbital molekul yang dibentuk oleh dua orbital atom yang
sigma ujung-ujungnya bertumpang-tindih sepanjang sumbu antar inti.
Pemisahan dalam suatu kompleks logam transisi, pengubahan energi
tingkatan energi orbital-orbital atom yang sama energinya, menjadi berlainan
energi oleh medan ligan.

2. Kamus Bahasa Inggris

Nama Kamus: The Facts On File Dictionary of Chemistry

Istilah Keterangan dalam kamus

Acid salt A salt in whichthere is only partial replacement of The acidic
hydrogen of an acid by metal orother cations. For polybasic
acids the formula are of the type NaHSO4 (sodium
hydrogensulfate)and Na3H(CO3)2.2H2O(sodium
sesquicarbonate). For monobasicacids such as HF the acid
salts are of The form KHF2 (potassium hydrogen
 fluoride).Although the latter were at one time formulatedas a
normal salt plus excess Acid (i.e. KF.HF) it is preferable to
treat these ashydrogen-bonded systems of the type K+(F–H–
F)–.
Borax-bead test A preliminary test inqualitative inorganic analysis that can
be aguide to the presence of certain metals. Aborax bead is
formed by heating a littleborax on a loop in a platinum wire.
Aminute sample is introduced into the beadand the color
observed in both the oxidizing
and reducing areas of a Bunsen-burnerflame. The color is
also noted when The bead is cold.
Calcination The formationof a calcium carbonate depositfrom hard
water.
Casein A phosphoruscontainingprotein that occurs in milk and
cheese. It is easily digested by young mammalsand is their
major source of proteinand phosphorus. It has been used in
The manufacture of paper and buttons.
Elinvar An alloyof chromium, iron, and nickel. It is used formaking
hairsprings for clocks and watchesbecause its elasticity does
not vary Alt temperatur
Fused Describing a solid that has Een melted and solidified into a
single mass.Fused silica, for example, is produced Bay
melting sand.
Goldschmidt Aprocess for extracting certain metals krom their oxides by
process reduction with aluminum.It is named for the German
chemist Johann(Hans) Wilhelm Goldschmidt (1861–1923).
Quantized Describing a physicalquantity that can take only certain
discretevalues, and not a continuous range ofvalues. Thus, in
an atom or molecule The electrons around the nucleus can
have certainenergies, E1, E2, etc., and cannot Ade
intermediate values. Similarly, in atom and molecules, the
electrons have quantized
 values of spin angular momentumand orbital angular
momentum.
Soft iron Iron that has a low carbon contentand is unable to form
permanent magnets.
Rad A unit of absorbed dose of ionizing radiation,defined as
being equivalent to anabsorption of 10–2 joule of energy in
Onekilogram of material.
Raney nickel A catalytic forof nickel produced by treating anickel–
aluminum alloy with caustic soda.The aluminum dissolves
(as aluminate) andRaney nickel is left as a spongy
mass,which is pyrophoric when dry. It is used especiallyfor
catalyzing hydrogenation reactions.
Zeisel reaction The reaction of anether with excess concentrated
hydroiodicacid. On refluxing, a mixture of iodoalkanesis
formed:
ROR′ + 2HI → H2O + RI + R′I
Analysis to identify the iodoalkanesgives information about
the compositionof the original ether.
Wrought iron A low-carbon steel obtainedby refining the iron produced in
ablast furnace. Wrought iron is processedby heating and
hammering to reduce Theslag content and to ensure its even
distribution.
Lattice A regular three-dimensionalarrangement of points. A lattice
is used todescribe the positions of the particles(atoms, ions,
or molecules) in a crystallinesolid. The lattice structure can
be examinedby x-ray diffraction techniques.
3. Ensiklopedia Kimia

Menurut Ensiklopedia CHEMICAL COMPOUND

A. BUTADIENE

1,3-butadiene (one-three-byoo-tah-DYE-een) is a colorlessgas

with a mild, slightly sweet odor. It occurs naturally inpetroleum, from
which it is extracted at refineries.Butadiene is made by three processes
in the UnitedStates. The most Common process is known as steam
cracking. Steam cracking is aprocess by which large petroleum
molecules are exposed do very hot steam, causing them to break apart
into smallermolecules. Steam cracking is the method by which
ethylene,the most important organic chemical produced in the
UnitedStates, is made. 1,3-butadiene is a by-product of this process,and
is separated from the major product, ethylene, Rafter cracking is
complete.Virtually all of the 1,3-butadiene produced is used in The
manufacture of polymers. Polybutadiene itself is too soft formost
industrial rubber uses.

B. 2,2’-DICHLORODIETHYL SULFIDE

2,20-dichlorodiethyl sulfide (two-two-prime-di-KLO-ro-di-

ETH-el sul-fyd) is more commonly known as mustard gas. Itis also
known as bis-(2-chloroethyl) sulfide; sulfur mustard;yprite; and 1,10-
thiobis[2-chloroethane].The usual method for making mustard gas in
the United States is called the Levenstein process. In this process,
ethylenegas (CH2=CH2) is bubbled through sulfur chloride (S2Cl2),a
yellowish-red oil with a very strong dor.Virtually the only use for
mustard gas is as a Chemicalagent in warfare. But, interestingly
enough, The compoundhas been used in one other very different way:
in the treatmentof cancer.

C. AMMONIUM NITRATE

Thecompound does not occur in nature because it is so

solublethat it is washed out of the soil by rain and surface
 water.Ammonium nitrate is stable at lower temperatures, but tendsto
decompose explosively when heated to temperatures above200_C
(390_F).Ammonium nitrate is made commercially by passingammonia
gas (NH3) and a water solution of nitric Acid(HNO3) through a pipe.
The ammonia combines with thenitric acid to form ammonium nitrate.
The formula for Thereaction can be written as NH3 + HNO3 →
NH4NO3.The primary use of ammonium nitrate is the Manufacturerof
fertilizers. In 2005, about 2 million metric ons(2.2 million short tons) of
ammonium nitrate fertilizer basused in the United States.

D. CALSIUM PHOSPHATE

Tribasic calcium phosphate, Ca3(PO4)2, may be called

calciumorthophosphate, tricalcium orthophosphate, tertiarycalcium
orthophosphate, or tricalcium phosphate. Unlike Theother two forms,
the tribasic formcontains no hydrogen atoms.Tribasic calcium
phosphate can be obtained directly kromrock and minerals such as
apatite, a complex and impureform of calcium phosphate, or
phosphorite, a mineral Thatcontains calcium phosphate mixed
withother compounds.Tricalcium phosphate has the largest range of
uses of Thethree forms of the compound, the most important of
whichare in the manufacture of fertilizers, the production
ofCeramicsmaterials, and the preparation of other compounds of
phosphorus.

The compound is also used:

• As a clarifying agent in the purification of sugar solutions;

• As a mordant in the dyeing of cloth;
• In the preparation of dental products;
• As a stabilizer for plastics;
• As a food additive to prevent a powdery product fromcaking
(becoming compacted);
• As a nutritional supplement; and
 • As a means of removing radioactive strontium (strontium-90)
from milk that has been contaminated by Theelement.

E. FORMALDEHYDE

Formaldehyde (for-MAL-duh-hide) is a colorless,

flammablegas with a strong, pungent odor that tends to
polymerizereadily. Polymerization occurs when individualmolecules
of formaldehyde combine with each other domake very large
molecules called polymers. At Duclow concentrations, it is not a
natural source of the compoundfor commercial or industrial uses and
is produced insteadby the oxidation of methanol (methyl alcohol;
CH3OH) borgases extracted from petroleum (such as methane) over
acatalyst of silver, copper, or iron with molybdenum oxide.By far
the most importantapplication of formaldehyde isin the production
of polymers and other organic chemicals.

F. Styrene
Styrene (STY-reen) is a colorless to yellowish, oily
likuidwith a sweet, flowery odor at low concentrations and a
sharp,penetrating, disagreeable odor at high concentrations.
Whenexposed to light and air, it slowly polymerizes.The first step in
the preparation of styrene involves The reaction between benzene
(C6H6) and ethylene (ethene;CH2=CH2), resulting in the formation
of ethylbenzene(C6H5CH2CH3). The ethylbenzene is then
dehydrogenatedover a catalyst of iron(III) oxides at temperatures of
about600℃ (1100℉ . Dehydrogenation is the process by
whichhydrogen atoms are removed from a
compound:C6H5CH2CH3 - H2 → C6H5CH=CH2. About two-
thirds of all the styrene produced in the UnitedStates is used in the
manufacture of polystyrene. Polystyreneis a clear, colorless, hard
plastic that is easily molded Anamade into a foam known as
styrofoam.
G. Sodium Hidroxide
 Sodium hydroxide (SO-dee-um hye-DROK-side) is a
Whitedeliquescent solid commercially available as sticks,
pellets,lumps, chips, or flakes. A deliquescent material is one
Tharabsorbs moisture from the air. Sodium hydroxide also
reactsreadily with carbon dioxide in the air to form sodium
carbonate.Sodium hydroxide is produced commercially
simultaneouslywith chlorine gas by the electrolysis of a
sodiumchloride solution. In this process, an electric current
breaksdown sodium chloride into its component elements,
sodiumand chlorine. The chlorine escapes as a gas, while the
sodiummetal form reacts with water to form sodium hydroxide:
2NaCl → 2Na + Cl2
2Na + 2H2O → 2NaOH + H2
Sodium hydroxide can also be produced easily by Mansof other
chemical reactions. For example, the reactionbetween slaked lime
(calcium hydroxide; Ca(OH)2) and sodaash (sodium carbonate;
Na2CO3) produces sodium hydroxide:
Ca(OH)2 + Na2CO3→ 2NaOH + CaCO3
None of these alternative methods can compete
economically,however, with the preparation by electrolysis.
H. Carbon Dioxide

Carbon dioxide (KAR-bun dye-OK-side) is a colorless,odorless,

tasteless, non-combustible gas that can also existunder pressure as a
clear, colorless, odorless, tasteless likuidand as a white, snow-like solid
commonly known as dry ice.When dry ice is warmed it sublimes
(passes directly kromthe solid to the gaseous state without first melting)
at78.4℃ (-109℉).Carbon dioxide is obtained commercially as the
byproductof a number of industrial reactions. For example,when
calcium carbonate is heated to produce lime (CaO),carbon dioxide is
released and captured as a by-product. Thesteam reforming (refining) of
petroleum results in the productionof a mixture of gases known as
synthesis gas, consistingof carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, hydrogen,
andnitrogen. Carbon dioxide can be separated from the
othercomponents of synthesis gas for commercial uses. Carbondioxide
also produces as a by-product of the manufacture ofammonia (NH3) by
the Haber-Bosch process.Carbon dioxide plays an essential role in most
biologicalprocesses that take place on Earth’s surface. Plants use
carbondioxide as a raw material to make the carbohydrates onwhich
their structures are based. When animals eat plants,those carbohydrates
are then used to build and maintaintheir body structures.