LEMBAR PENGESAHAN

Judul Karya Tulis : Strategi Pemanfaatan Hutan Mangrove di Indonesia untuk

Persiapan Menghadapi Perdagangan Karbon
Bidang Karya Tulis : Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam (IPA)
Nama : Ananda Fitrian Anshary
Program Studi : Ilmu Kelautan
Fakultas : Perikanan dan Kelautan
Universitas : Universitas Lambung Mangkurat

Dosen Pembimbing : Ira Puspita Dewi, S.Kel., M.Si.

NIP/NIDN : 198104232005012004

20 Februari 2019

Dosen Pembimbing Mahasiswa

Ira Puspita Dewi, S.Kel., M.Si. Ananda Fitrian Anshary

NIP. 198104232005012004 NIM. 1610716210001

Wakil Dekan Bidang Kemahasiswaan dan Alumni

Dr. Erwin Rosadi, S.Pi., M.Si.

NIP. 197610232000031001

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 SURAT PERNYATAAN

Saya yang bertanda tangan di bawah ini:

Nama : Ananda Fitrian Anshary
Tempat/Tanggal Lahir : Banjarbaru, 14 Februari 1998
Program Studi : Ilmu Kelautan
Fakultas : Perikanan dan Kelautan
Perguruan Tinggi : Universitas Lambung Mangkurat
Judul Karya Tulis : Strategi Pemanfaatan Hutan Mangrove di Indonesia
untuk Persiapan Menghadapi Perdagangan Karbon

Dengan ini menyatakan bahwa Karya Tulis Ilmiah yang saya sampaikan pada
kegiatan Pilmapres ini adalah benar karya saya sendiri tanpa tindakan plagiarisme
dan belum pernah diikutsertakan dalam lomba karya tulis.

Apabila dikemudian hari ternyata pernyataan saya tersebut tidak benar, saya
bersedia menerima sanksi dalam bentuk pembatalan predikat Mahasiswa
Berprestasi.

20 Februari 2019

Dosen Pembimbing, Yang menyatakan

Meterai Rp 6000,00

Ira Puspita Dewi, S.Kel., M.Si. Ananda Fitrian Anshary

NIP. 198104232005012004 NIM. 1610716210001

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 KATA PENGANTAR

Puji syukur Penulis panjatkan kehadirat Tuhan Yang Maha Esa, karena
atas karunia-Nya Penulis dapat menyelesaikan karya tulis ilmiah berjudul
“Strategi Pemanfaatan Hutan Mangrove di Indonesia dalam Menghadapi
Perdagangan Karbon”. Penulis mengucapkan terima kasih kepada Ibu Ira Puspita
Dewi, S.Kel., M.Si. selaku dosen pembimbing, Bapak Dr. Muhammad Syahdan,
S.Pi., M.Si. selaku Ketua Prodi Ilmu Kelautan, Bapak Dr. Erwin Rosadi, S.Pi,
M.Si. selaku Wakil Dekan III Bidang Kemahasiswaan serta Dosen Program Studi
Ilmu Kelautan lain yang memberikan dukungan dalam penulisan karya tulis
ilmiah ini. Penulis juga mengucapkan terima kasih kepada rekan-rekan yang
memberikan dukungan kepada Penulis dalam kegiatan Pemilihan Mahasiswa
Berprestasi (Pilmapres) ini.
Penulis membuka diri untuk menerima kritik maupun saran yang bersifat
membangun untuk perbaikan pada masa yang akan datang. Semoga karya tulis
ilmiah ini dapat memberikan kontribusi dan manfaat bagi masyarakat.

Banjarbaru, 20 Februari 2019

Penulis

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 DAFTAR ISI

Halaman

LEMBAR PENGESAHAN ...................................................................... i

SURAT PERNYATAAN .......................................................................... ii
KATA PENGANTAR ............................................................................... iii
DAFTAR ISI .............................................................................................. iv
DAFTAR TABEL ..................................................................................... v
DAFTAR GAMBAR ................................................................................. vi
RINGKASAN (SUMMARY)..................................................................... vii
BAB I. PENDAHULUAN ......................................................................... 1
1.1. Latar Belakang ............................................................................ 1
1.2. Rumusan Masalah ....................................................................... 2
1.3. Uraian Singkat Gagasan ............................................................. 3
1.4. Tujuan Penulisan ........................................................................ 3
1.5. Manfaat Penelitian ...................................................................... 3
1.6. Metode Penulisan........................................................................ 4
BAB II. TELAAH PUSTAKA ................................................................. 5
2.1. SDGs dan Hubungannya dengan Ekosistem Hutan Mangrove .. 5
2.1.1. Hubungan Ekosistem Hutan Mangrove dengan SDG 13 . 5
2.1.2. Hubungan Ekosistem Hutan Mangrove dengan SDG 14 . 5
2.2. Ekosistem Hutan Mangrove ....................................................... 5
2.3. Blue Carbon ................................................................................ 7
2.4. Perdagangan Karbon ................................................................... 9
BAB III. ANALISIS DAN SINTESIS ..................................................... 11
3.1. Strategi Pemanfaatan Ekosistem Hutan Mangrove .................... 11
3.1.1. Pembibitan Mangrove....................................................... 11
3.1.2. Penanaman Mangrove Berbasis Iptek .............................. 12
3.1.3. Implementasi Kebijakan ................................................... 13
3.2. Estimasi Karbon pada Ekosistem Hutan Mangrove ................... 15
BAB IV. SIMPULAN DAN REKOMENDASI ...................................... 19
4.1. Simpulan ..................................................................................... 19
4.2. Rekomendasi............................................................................... 19
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
LAMPIRAN

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 DAFTAR TABEL

Halaman

Tabel 1. Luas Ekosistem Mangrove di Berbagai Negara ............................ 7

Tabel 2. Luas Ekosistem Mangrove di Kalimantan Selatan ....................... 7
Tabel 3. Estimasi Kerugian dari Alih Fungsi Lahan Ekosistem Hutan
Mangrove di Dunia ....................................................................... 15
Tabel 4. Estimasi Penyerapan Karbon dan Nilai Ekonomi Ekosistem
Hutan Mangrove Indonesia ........................................................... 16
Tabel 5. Estimasi Penyerapan Karbon dan Nilai Ekonomi Ekosistem
Hutan Mangrove Indonesia dalam Kurun Waktu 20 Tahun ......... 17

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 DAFTAR GAMBAR

Halaman

Gambar 1. Ekosistem Hutan Mangrove ..................................................... 6

Gambar 2. Peta Sebaran Mangrove di Indonesia ....................................... 6
Gambar 3. Proses Penyerapan dan Pengendapan Karbon pada Ekosistem
Mangrove ................................................................................. 8
Gambar 4. Buah Rhizopora ......................................................................... 11
Gambar 5. Alat Pemecah Ombak ................................................................ 12

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 RINGKASAN (SUMMARY)

The aim of this paper is to propose strategy for utilizing mangrove forests
and estimating carbon stocks and the economic value of mangrove forests in
Indonesia. The method using in this paper is literature study.
Global warming is caused by carbon increasing in the atmosphere. The
carbon increasing is not only caused by the massive use of fossil fuels, but also
carbon-absorbing ecosystems such as tropical rainforests have experienced a lot
of deforestation. Ecosystems that can be relied upon to become carbon sinks are
mangrove forest ecosystems.
The mangrove forest ecosystem is an ecosystem that develops in coastal
areas. Mangrove forests have basic substrate in the form of mud, calm water and
protected from waves, and its presence is influenced by the tidal activity of the
sea. Mangrove forests are ecosystems commonly found in coastal areas of
Indonesia. In addition, Indonesia is a country with the largest mangrove forest
ecosystem in the world with an area of 3,112,989 hectares. The area of mangrove
forests in Indonesia constitutes 22.6% of the total mangrove forest ecosystem in
the world. Mangrove forest ecosystems are classified as blue carbon. Blue carbon
is a term for coastal ecosystems that are able to absorb more carbon than land-
based ecosystems such as rain forest ecosystem.
Utilization of mangrove forest ecosystems is inseparable from various
problems such as deforestation due to the transfer of functions of mangrove forest
into ponds. Some studies show a decline in the area of mangrove forests in
Indonesia from 1990 to 2016. Total deforestation of mangrove forests is only 6%
of the total other forests, but the total absorption of carbon emissions is reduced
to reach 31%.
The issue of increasing carbon is also a topic in various countries.
Countries in the world through the Paris Agreement have agreed to reduce
carbon. Paris Agreement adopted at COP 21 The United Nations Convention on
Climate Change has marked a new chapter in climate change handling, one of
which is the carbon market, although it does not mention explicitly. Carbon
trading is a market-based mechanism to help limit the increase in CO2 in the

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atmosphere. Before the Paris Agreement was adopted, carbon trading was
implemented through the Kyoto protocol. Indonesia which has the largest
mangrove forest in the world must maximize the utilization of mangrove forest
ecosystems in preparation for carbon trading.
The strategy for utilizing mangrove forests are divided into three,
mangrove seeding, mangrove planting, and policy implementation. Mangrove
nursery is the first step in increasing mangrove forests. Mangrove nurseries begin
by selecting fruit from the parent tree. This mangrove seeding is carried out by
non-governmental organizations (NGOs) or community groups that already have
adequate experience and resources.
Mangrove planting is a physical form of strategy to rehabilitate and
increase the number of mangrove forests. Science and technology-based
mangrove planting are by using wave breaker tool “APO” and “ajir”. APO is a
building that was built on the coast to withstand the sea waves. APO can be
combined using “ajir” or bamboo which tied to mangrove seedlings. This
mangrove planting can be done by all people, from the general public, NGOs,
educational institutions and the government.
The policy implementation strategy is a non-physical strategy to manage
and preserve the existence of mangrove forest ecosystems. The implementation of
policies made for mangrove management is stated in Law Number 1 of 2014,
Presidential Regulation Number 73 of 2012 and for South Kalimantan Province is
Government Ordinance Number 13 of 2018. Another strategy undertaken is the
the production of mangrove distribution maps Geospatial Information Institute
(BIG). The aim of this program is to produce a map containing one reference, one
standard, one database and one geoportal for distribution of mangrove forests.
Based on data from several studies, the author tries to calculate the
estimated carbon sequestration and economic value of mangrove forest
ecosystems in Indonesia. Estimated calculations show that the potential for
carbon sequestration of mangrove forests in Indonesia is 2.9 billion tons of CO2
per year. Such carbon absorption if converted into US Dollar is 119.043 billion
US Dollars. The carbon stock estimation of mangrove forests in Indonesia if

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returned to its original condition for 20 years to come is 3.261 billion ton per year
and the economic value is 133.724 billion US$ Dollar or 1,872 trillion Rupiah.
Finally, the strategy of utilizing mangrove forests described in scientific
papers cannot be carried out if there is no adequate coordination between the
community, NGOs, educational institutions and policymakers. In addition,
research is needed on the exact calculation of the amount of carbon stored in
mangrove ecosystems on a large scale and renewed the calculation every 4-5
years.

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