JAWAB SEMUA SOALAN

Diagram 1 shows a human body defence system that is quite effective against different pathogens to prevent
a disease infection.
Rajah 1 menunjukkan sistem pertahanan badan manusia yang cukup berkesan terhadap patogen yang
berbeza bagi menghalang sesuatu jangkitan penyakit

Rajah 1
a.Based on Diagram 1, our bodies have lines of body defence against pathogens.
Berdasarkan Rajah 1, badan kita mempunyai barisan pertahanan badan terhadap serangan patogen.

Explain how skin and mucous membranes act on the first line of defence mechanism?
Terangkan bagaimanakah kulit dan membran bermukus bertindak dalam mekanisme barisan pertahahan
pertama?

(i) Skin / Kulit:

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(3 MARKAH)

(ii) Mucous membranes / Membran bermukus:

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(3 MARKAH)

(b) Diagram 2 shows blood cell Q acts on the second line of defence. Explain the action of blood cell Q
against bacteria .
Rajah 2 menunjukkan sel darah Q yang bertindak dalam barisan pertahanan kedua . Terangkan tindakan
sel darah Q ke atas bakteria.

Rajah 2

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(3 MARKAH)
(c) Diagram 3 (a) and 3 (b) show the concentration of antibody concentration in the blood according to time
after receiving different injection.
Rajah 5.3 (a) dan 5.3 (b) menunjukkan graf kepekatan antibodi dalam darah mengikut masa setelah
mendapat suntikan berbeza.

Rajah 3(a): Injection P need to induce immunity to prevent disease

Suntikan P diperlukan untuk mencetus keimunan untuk mencegah suatu penyakit

Rajah 3(b): Injection Q need to treat disease

Suntikan Q diperlukan untuk merawat suatu penyakit

Rajah 3(a) Rajah 3(b)

Explain how the graph in Diagram 3(a) and Diagram 3(b) obtained. Name an example of disease for each
graph. Terangkan bagaimana graf diperolehi dalam Rajah 3(a) dan 3(b). Namakan satu contoh penyakit
bagi setiap graf.

(i) Diagram 3 (a):

Rajah 3(a):

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(3 MARKAH)

(ii) Diagram 5.3 (b):

Rajah 5.3(b):

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(2 MARKAH)
2. Rajah 2.1 menunjukkan vertebra X pada turus vertebra manusia.

Rajah 2.1

(a) (i) Namakan X.

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(1 MARKAH)

ii) Nyatakan ciri-ciri X.

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(2 MARKAH)

iii) Y terletak di antara dua tulang pada turus vertebra.

Terangkan fungsi Y.

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(3 MARKAH)
Rajah 2.2 menunjukkan otot dan tulang manusia yang terlibat semasa pembengkokan lengan
Diagram 2.2 shows human muscles and bones involve in bending the arm.

Rajah 2.2

(i) Name tissue X and joint W

Namakan tisu X dan sendi W
Tissue X / Tisu X :___________________________________________________________________
Joint W / Sendi W :__________________________________________________________________

(2 MARKAH)

(ii) Explain what will happen to the movement of arm if tissue X is torn off?
Terangkan apakah yang akan berlaku kepada pergerakan lengan jika tisu X mengalami
kecederaan dan terkoyak?
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(2 MARKAH)

(b) Explain the action of muscle which cause the movement of forearm in Diagram 2.2
Terangkan tindakan otot-otot yang menyebabkan pergerakan lengan seperti dalam
Rajah 2.2
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(1 MARKAH)

Diagram 2.3 shows the structure of joint W

Rajah 2.3 menunjukkan struktur sendi W

Rajah 2.3
(c) Explain the health problem normally faced by an old person when tissue Z is impaired.
Terangkan masalah kesihatan yang biasanya dialami oleh seorang tua apabila tisu Z rosak.
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(3 MARKAH)

(d) Suggest two ways in which a person can maintain a healthy musculoskeletal system.
Cadangkan dua cara bagaimana seseorang boleh mengekalkan sistem otot rangka yang
sihat.
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(2 MARKAH)

Bahagian C

Bahagian ini mengandungi tiga soalan, pilih Dua soalan sahaja untuk menjawab

1) Dengan bantuan gambarajah , terangkan bagaimana seekor burung boleh mengangkat sayapnya ke atas
dan bergerak kehadapan.

(10 MARKAH)

2) Jelaskan bagaimana oksigen dan karbon dioksida diangkut oleh darah

(10 MARKAH)

3) Terangkan komponen utama darah mamalia

(10 MARKAH)