PENALARAN MARZANO

- Memodernisasi taksonomi Bloom

Recognition

LEVEL 1. RETRIEVAL Recalling

(Mendapatkan kembali)
Executing

Integrating
LEVEL 2.
COMPREHENSION
Symbolizing
(Pemahaman)
K

O Matching
G
Classifying
N

I LEVEL 3. ANALYSIS Analyzing error

T

I Generalizing

F
Spesifying

Decision making

Problem solving
LEVEL 4. KNOWLEDGE
UTILIZATION
Experimenting

Investigation

Menguji proses-prose kognitif untuk mencapai tujuan

METAKOGNITIF LEVEL 5. yang diharapkan
METACOGNITION

Mengidentifikasi respon emosi, melatih persepsi,

SELF SYSTEM LEVEL 6. motivasi dan tahu manfaat.
SELF
 6 level

3 pengetahuan awal

INFORMASI : PROSEDUR MENTAL PROSEDUR

Isi, prinsip PSIKOMOTOR
 TAKSONOMI ANDERSON

Taksonomi Bloom :

Kata Benda

Taksonomi Anderson, (Bloom revisi)

2001 , buku “A Taxonomy for Learning, Teaching, and Assesing: A Revision of Bloom’s Taxonomy of
Educatioanl Objectives “ oleh Lorin W. Anderson dan David R. Krathwohl.

Kata Kerja

TAKSONOMI ANDERSON DAN KRATHWOHL

Tingkatan Berfikir tingkat tinggi
Menciptakan Menggeneralisasikan (generating),
merancang (designing), memproduksi
(producing), merencanakan kembali
(devising)
Mengevaluasi Mengecek (checking), mengkritisi
(Evaluating) (critiquing), hipotesa (hypothesising,
Komunikasi
(communication spectrum)
Negosiasi (negotiating), memoderatori
(moderating), kolaborasi (collaborating)
Bertemu dengan jaringan/mendiskusikan
(netmeeting), berkomentar (commenting),
 eksperimen (experimenting) erdebat (debating)

Menganalisis Memberi atribut (attributeing), Menanyakan (Questioning), meninjau lang

(Analyzing) mengorganisasikan (organizing), reviewing)
mengintegrasikan (integrating),
mensahihkan (validating)
Menerapkan Menjalankan prosedur (executing), Posting, blogging, menjawab (replying)
(Applying) mengimplementasikan (implementing),
menyebarkan (sharing).
Memahami/mengert Mengklasifikasikan (classification), Bercakap (chatting), menyumbang
i membandingkan (comparing), (contributing), networking,
(Understanding) menginterpretasikan(interpreting),
berpendapat(inferring)

Mengingat Mengenali (recognition), memanggil Menulis teks (texting), mengirim pesan

(Remembering) kembali (recalling), mendeskripsikan tingkat (instant messaging), berbicara
(describing), mengidentifikasi (identifying) (twittering)

DIMENSI PENGETAHUAN
Concrete knowledge Abstract knowledge
Factual Conceptual Procedural Metacognitve
Knowledge of Knowledgeof classifications Knowledge of subject- Strategic knowledge
terminology and categorie specific skills and
algorithms

knowledge of specific Knowledge of principles Knowledge of subject- Knowledge about

details And generalizations Specific techniques and cognitive tasks,including
and element methods appropriate contextual
and conditional
knowledge

Knowledge of theories, Knowledge of criteria for Self-knowledge

models,and structures determining when to use
appropriate procedures