TUGAS BESAR

AZAZ TEKNIK KIMIA II

Disusun Oleh :
Ahmad Syaiful Bahri 1407110454
Freddy Manullang 1407123875
Imanuel Tumanggor 1407113403

PROGRAM STUDI S1 TEKNIK KIMIA

FAKULTAS TEKNIK
UNIVERSITAS RIAU
2016
8.30 Gas sintesis di upgrade untuk meningkatkan kualitas metana dalam
sistem recycle. Gas umpan terdiri dari sejumlah kecil metana dan di
analisis terdiri dari 22% CO, 13% CO2, dan 65% H2O (% mol) pada
metana-free basis. Aliran produk (aliran 6) dianalisa terdiri dari (% mol)
CO 5%, H2 9%, CH4 50%, CO2 27% dan H2O 9%. Baik umpan maupun
produk merupakan gas dan memiliki suhu 200oF. Didalam reaktor terjadi
dua reaksi, yaitu :
CO + 3H2 CH4 +H2O
CO + H2O  CO2 + H2
Limbah cari dari reaktor di dinginkan ke suhu 500oF pada cooler dan
kemudian di dinginkan lagi pada exchanger 2. Sebagian dari limbah cair
keluar sebagai produk. Sisanya di alirkan ke separator yang mana aliran
di dinginkan menjadi 90oF dan 95% dari H2O terpisah sebagai liquid. Gas
sisa pada aliran kemudian dipanaskan di exchanger 2, dan dicampur
dengan umpan aliran pertama, dan kembali ke reaktor. Asumisikan
mixer, splitter, exchanger 2, dan reaktor beroperasi secara adiabatik.
Gunakan nilai Cp rerata yang diberikan :
Cp (g) Cp (l)
(Btu/lbmol. F) (Btu/lbmol.oF)
o

CO 7.3 -
H2 7.0 -
CH4 12.0 -
CO2 11.4 -
H2O 8.7 18.0

a. Buatlah tabel derajat kebebasan (DOF) dan tunjukkan bahwa proses

terspesifikasi dengan benar.
b. Tentukan tahapan-tahapan untuk permasalahan.
c. Hitunglah temperatur dari keluaran reaktor.
 REAKTOR

(% CH4 free) MIXER

22 CO 1
2 3
13 CO2
65 H2
CH4

T1=200 F
Heat Exchanger 1 dQ/dT (2)

10 T4 = 500 F

Heat Exchanger 2

9 5

T9= 90 F

(mol %)
5 CO
H2O (l) 95% 9 H2
8 7 6
removal H2O 50 CH4
27 CO2
T8 = 90 F 9 H2O
Splitter
T6=200 F

dQ/dT(1)
Separator
 a. Tabel Degree Of Freedom

Mixer Heat Heat Splitter Separator Overall

MB Combined MB Combined Exchanger Exchanger MB Combined MB Combined Process MB Combined
1 2
Number of
variabel
Stream 8 8 9 9 10 12 15 15 7 7 38 9 9
T, dQ/dt 3 2 3 4 3 4 13 5
Number of
balances
Material 4 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 29 5 5
Energy 1 1 1 1 1 1 6 1
Number of
specifications
Feed comp. 1 1 1 1 1
Sep. outlet 1 1 1
comp.
dQ/dt = 0 1 1 1 1 4 2
Conversion 2 2
Temperatures
Reactor inlets 1 1 1 1 1 5 1 1
R2 outlet 1 1 1 2 2 2 2
Feed 1 1 2 1
Sep. outlets 1 1 2 1
Degree of 7 1 3 1 5 4 8 5 0 0 1 0 0
freedom
Basis -1 -1
b. Tahapan Perhitungan

Overall
Separator
Balance

c. Temperatur keluaran outlet (T3)

1. Overall Balance
N1 = Basis = 100 lbmol

N1 N6
(% mol CH4 free) (mol %)
22 CO 5 CO
1 9 H2
13 CO2 6
65 H2 OVERALL 50 CH4
CH4 27 CO2
9 H2O
T1=200 F
T6=200 F
8
𝑑𝑄
N8 total
H2O (l) 95% 𝑑𝑡
removal H2O

T8 = 90 F
 Neraca massa total
N1 = N6 + N8 ....................................................................................................... (1.1)
Neraca massa komponen
N1CO = N6CO ......................................................................................................... (1.2)
N1CO2 = N6CO2 ..................................................................................................... (1.3)
N1H2 = N6H2........................................................................................................... (1.4)
N1H2O = N8 H2O.................................................................... (1.5)
Energy Balance
𝑑𝑄
𝑡 = N6 [H(200oF) – H(Tref)] + N8[H(90oF) – H(Tref)] – N1[H(200oF) – H(Tref)]
𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑄 𝑑𝑄 𝑑𝑄
Tref = 90oF , 𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 = 1+ 2 = 0 (hampir keseluruhan proses adiabatis)
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡

0 = N6[H(200oF) – H(90oF)] + N8[H(90oF) – H(90oF)] – N1[H(200oF) – H(90oF)]

0 = N6[H(200oF) – H(90oF)] – N1[H(200oF) – H(90oF)] ............................ (1.6)
200℉
 N6[H(200oF) – H(90oF)] = N6 ∫90℉ 𝐶𝑝6 𝑑𝑇
= N6 Cp(CO + H2 + CH4 + CO2 + H2O) (200oF - 90oF)
= N6 (7.3 + 7 + 12 + 11.4 + 8.7) Btu/lbmoloF (200oF
- 90oF)
N6[H(200oF) – H(90oF)] = 5104 Btu/lbmol. N6 ................................... (1.7)
200℉
 N1[H(200oF) – H(90oF)] = ∫90℉ 𝐶𝑝1 𝑑𝑇
= N1 Cp(CO + H2 + CO2) (200oF - 90oF)
= 100 lbmol. (7.3 + 7 + 11.4) Btu/lbmoloF (200oF -
90oF)
N1[H(200oF) – H(90oF)] = 282 700 Btu ............................................... (1.8)
Dari persamaan (1.7) & (1.8) subtitusi ke persamaan (1.6).
N6[H(200oF) – H(90oF)] = N1[H(200oF) – H(90oF)]
5104 Btu/lbmol. N6 = 282 700 Btu
282 700 𝐵𝑡𝑢
( N6) = 5104 𝐵𝑡𝑢/𝑙𝑏𝑚𝑜𝑙 = 55.39 lbmol
Subtitusi nilai (N1) & (N6) ke persamaan (1.1)
N1 = N6 + N8
100 lbmol = 55.39 lbmol + N8
N8 = 44.61 lbmol

2. Separator Balance

N9 ?
T5= 90 F 9

N7 ?
N8 (mol %)
H2O (l) 95% CO 5
8 7
removal H2O H2 9
CH4 50
T4 = 90 F CO2 27
H2O 9

T7=200 F
dQ/dT ?
Separator

Neraca Massa Total

N7=N9 + N8
N7=N9 + 20234.75 ................................................................ (2.1)
Neraca Massa Komponen
N7CO=N9CO ........................................................................... (2.2)
N7H2O=N9H2O + N8H2O ........................................................... (2.3)
N7CH4=N9 CH4 ........................................................................ (2.4)
N7CO2=N9CO2 ........................................................................ (2.5)
Neraca Energy
𝑑𝑄
1= N8 [H(90oF) – H(Tref)] + N9[H(90oF) – H(Tref)] – N7[H(200oF) – H(Tref)]
𝑑𝑡

Tref = 200oF, sehingga persamaan diatas menjadi sebagai berikut :

𝑑𝑄
1= N8 [H(90oF) – H(200oF)] + N9[H(90oF) – H(200oF)] – N7[H(200oF) –
𝑑𝑡

H(200oF)]
𝑑𝑄
1= N8 [H(90oF) – H(200oF)] + N9[H(90oF) – H(200oF)] ............... (2.6)
𝑑𝑡
90℉
 N8 [H(90℉)– H(200℉)] = N8 ( ∫180℉ Cp8L H2O + ∆Hvl(H2 O, 180℉) +
180℉
∫200℉ Cp8v H2O )
(∆Hvl H2 O = 17490.7 Btu/lbmol dari Appendiks 2)
N8 [H(90℉)– H(200℉)]
Btu 17490.7btu
= N8 {8.7 (90 − 180)℉ +
lbmol℉ lbmol
Btu
+ 18 (180 − 200)℉}
lbmol℉
N8 [H(90℉)– H(200℉)]
Btu 17490.7btu
= N8 {8.7 (90 − 180)℉ +
lbmol℉ lbmol
Btu
+ 18 (180 − 200)℉}
lbmol℉

N8 [H(90℉)– H(200℉)]
Btu 17490.7 btu Btu
= 44.61lbmol {−783 + − 360 }
lbmol lbmol lbmol

N8 [H(90℉)– H(200℉)] = 729 270.897 Btu .................... (2.7)

90℉
 N9[H(90oF) – H(200oF)] = N9 ∫200℉ Cp9 dT
90℉
9
N ∫ Cp9 dT
200℉

= N9 (CpH2O + CpCO + CpCO2 CpH2 + CpCH4 )(90℉ − 200℉)

 8 8
N7 xH2O = N7 xH2O
44.61 lbmol= 0.95 N7
𝑁 7 = 46.96 lbmol
9 8
NH2O = N7 − NH2O
9
NH2O = 46.96 − 44.61
9
NH2O = 2.35 lbmol = 0.09
9
NCO = 0.05 = 1.305 𝑙𝑏𝑚𝑜𝑙
9
NH2 = 0.09 = 2.35 𝑙𝑏𝑚𝑜𝑙
9
NCH4 = 0.5 = 13.05 𝑙𝑏𝑚𝑜𝑙
9
NCO2 = 0.27 = 7.05 𝑙𝑏𝑚𝑜𝑙
9 9 9 9 9
N9 = NH2O + NCH4 + NH2 + NCO + NCO2
N9 = 1.305 + 13.05 + 2.35 + 2.35 + 7.05 = 26.105 lbmol

90℉

N9 ∫ Cp9 dT
200℉

= N9 (CpH2O + CpCO + CpCO2 CpH2 + CpCH4 )(90℉ − 200℉)

90℉

N9 ∫ Cp9 dT
200℉

= 26.105 lbmol (8.7 + 7.3 + 11.4 + 7

+ 12)Btu/lbmol℉ (90℉ − 200℉)
N9[H(90oF) – H(200oF)] = -133 239.92 Btu ................. (2.8)
Subtitusi persamaan (2.8) & (2.7) ke persamaan (2.6)
𝑑𝑄
1= N8 [H(90oF) – H(200oF)] + N9[H(90oF) – H(200oF)] ............... (2.6)
𝑑𝑡

𝑑𝑄
1 = N8 [H(90℉)– H(200℉)] + N9[H(90℉)– H(200℉)]
𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑄
1 = 729 270.897 Btu − 133 239.92 Btu = 596 030.977 Btu
𝑑𝑡
 3. Splitter Balance

N5
(mol %)
CO ?
H2 ?
CH4 ?
CO2 ?
H2O ?

T5=200 F
5
N7 N6
(mol %) (mol %)
CO 5 5 CO
H2 9 9 H2
CH4 50 7 6
50 CH4
CO2 27 Splitter 27 CO2
H2O 9 9 H2O

T7=200 F T6=200 F

Neraca Massa Total

N7 + N6 = N5
46.96 + 55.39 = N5
N5 = 102.35 lbmol .......................................... (3.1)
Neraca Massa Komponen
6 7 5
NCO + NCO = NCO
5
2.77 + 4.23 = NCO
5
NCO = 7 𝑙𝑏𝑚𝑜𝑙 ................................................. (3.2)
6 7 5
NH2 + NH2 = NH2
5
4.9851 + 4.2264 = NH2
5
NH2 = 9.2115 lbmol ....................................... (3.3)
6 7 5
NCH4 + NCH4 = NCH4
5
27.695 + 23.48 = NCH4
5
NCH4 = 51.175 lbmol ..................................... (3.4)
6 7 5
NCO2 + NCO2 = NCO2
5
14.9553 + 12.6792 = NCO2
5
NCO2 = 27.6345 ............................................... (3.5)
 6 7 5
NH2O + NH20 = NH20
5
4.9851 + 4.2264 = NH2O
5
NH2O = 9.2115 𝑙𝑏𝑚𝑜𝑙 .................................. (3.6)
Komposisi aliran 5
5
NCO 7
𝐶𝑂 ↔ 5 𝑥 100% = 𝑥 100 % = 5 %
N 102.35
5
NH2 9.2115
𝐻2 ↔ 5 𝑥 100% = 𝑥 100 % = 9 %
N 102.35
5
NCH4 51.175
𝐶𝐻4 ↔ 5
𝑥 100% = 𝑥 100 % = 50%
N 102.35
5
NCO2 27.6345
𝐶𝑂2 ↔ 5
𝑥 100% = 𝑥 100 % = 27%
N 102.35
5
NH2O 9.2115
𝐻2 𝑂 ↔ 5
𝑥 100% = 𝑥 100 % = 9%
N 102.35

4. Heat Exchanger 2 Balance

N4 (mol %) N5 (mol %)
CO ? CO 5
Heat Exchanger 2 H2 9
H2 ?
CH4 ?
4 5 CH4 50
CO2 ? CO2 27 N9
N10
H2O ? H2O 9 (lbmol)
(mol %)
T4=500 F N4 CO 1.305
CO ? 10 T5=200 F
9 H2 2.35
H2 ?
CH4 ? CH4 13.05
CO2 ? CO2 7.05
H2O ? H2O 2.35
T10= ? F T9=90 F

Neraca Massa Total

𝑁 4 + 𝑁 9 = 𝑁 5 + 𝑁10 (𝑁 4 = 𝑁 5 , 𝑁 9 = 𝑁10 ) ................................... (4.1)
Neraca Massa Komponen
(𝑁 4 = 𝑁 5 , 𝑁 9 = 𝑁10 )
Neraca Energi
𝑑𝑄
= 𝑁 5 {𝐻(200℉) − 𝐻(𝑇𝑟𝑒𝑓)} + 𝑁10 {𝐻(𝑇 10 ) − 𝐻(𝑇𝑟𝑒𝑓)}
𝑑𝑡
− 𝑁 4 {𝐻(500℉) − 𝐻(𝑇𝑟𝑒𝑓)} − 𝑁 9 {𝐻(90℉) − 𝐻(𝑇𝑟𝑒𝑓)}
𝑑𝑄
( = 0 → 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑠 𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑏𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑘 , 𝑇𝑟𝑒𝑓 = 500℉)
𝑑𝑡
0 = 𝑁 5 {𝐻(200℉) − 𝐻(500℉)} + 𝑁10 {𝐻(𝑇 10 ) − 𝐻(500℉)}
− 𝑁 4 {𝐻(500℉) − 𝐻(500℉)} − 𝑁 9 {𝐻(90℉) − 𝐻(500℉)}
0 = 𝑁 5 {𝐻(200℉) − 𝐻(500℉)} + 𝑁10 {𝐻(𝑇 10 ) − 𝐻(500℉)}𝑁 9 {𝐻(90℉) −
𝐻(500℉)} .................................................................................. (4.2)
200℉ 𝑇 10 90℉
5 10
0=𝑁 ∫ 𝐶𝑝 𝑑𝑇 + 𝑁 ∫ 𝐶𝑝 𝑑𝑇 −𝑁 9 ∫ 𝐶𝑝 𝑑𝑇
500℉ 500℉ 500℉

0 = 𝑁 5 (CpH2O + CpCO + CpCO2 CpH2 + CpCH4 )(200℉ − 500℉)

+ 𝑁10 (CpH2O + CpCO + CpCO2 CpH2 + CpCH4 )(𝑇10 −500℉)
− 𝑁 9 (CpH2O + CpCO + CpCO2 CpH2 + CpCH4 )(90℉ − 500℉)
0 = 102.35(8.7 + 7.3 + 11.4 + 7 + 12)(200℉ − 500℉)
+ 26.105(8.7 + 7.3 + 11.4 + 7 + 12)(𝑇 10 − 500℉)
− 26.105 (8.7 + 7.3 + 11.4 + 7 + 12)(90℉ − 500℉)
0 = −1 424 712 + 1 211.272(𝑇 10 − 500℉) − 496 621.52
1 921 333.52 = 1 211.272(𝑇 10 − 500℉)
1 586.21 = (𝑇 10 − 500℉)
𝑇 10 = 2086.21℉

5. Mixer Balance