KLINIK
Aminoglycoside
4 <-> 8 mg/L
(gentamicin, tobramycin)
MTC
MEC
t
Rentang terapetik dari obat-obat yang umumnya
dipantau
Amikacin 20–30 µg/mL
Carbamazepine 4–12 µg/mL
Digoxin 1–2 ng/mL
Gentamicin 5–10 µg/mL
Lidocaine 1–5 µg/mL
Lithium 0.6–1.2 mEq/L
Phenytoin 10–20 µg/mL
Procainamide 4–10 µg/mL
Quinidine 1–4 µg/mL
Theophylline 10–20 µg/mL
Tobramycin 5–10 µg/mL
Valproic acid 50–100 µg/mL
Vancomycin 20–40 µg/mL
Penggunaan Rasional
• Tepat indikasi
• Tepat penderita
• Tepat obat
• Tepat dosis, rute, saat pemberian dan lama
pemberian
• Waspada ESO
Pharmacokinetics Pharmacodynamics
Elimination
Central Examples of
Compartment Peripheral
Compartment
Heart
Fat Tissue
Liver
Lungs Muscle
Tissue
Kidney
Cerebrospinal
Blood Fluid
Concentration
Plasma Drug
Pharmacologic Response
Figure When pharmacologic effects relate to plasma drug concentrations,
the latter can be used to predict the former
Drug in Drug in
Blood Tissue
Dosage
Regimen
Clinical Factors
Other Factors
Route of administration,
Management of therapy State of patient
Dosage form, Tolerance-
Multiple drug therapy Age, weight Pharmacogenetics-
- MEMILIH OBAT
- MERANCANG ATURAN DOSIS
- MENILAI RESPON PENDERITA
- MENENTUKAN PERLUNYA PENGUKURAN KADAR OBAT
DALAM DARAH
- PENETAPAN KADAR OBAT DALAM DARAH
- MELAKUKAN PENILAIAN SECARA FARMAKOKINETIKA
- MENYESUAIKAN KEMBALI ATURAN DOSIS
- MEMANTAU KADAR OBAT DI DALAM DARAH
- MENGANJURKAN ADANYA PERSAYARATAN KHUSUS
(JIKA PERLU)
A diagnosis is made
A drug is selected
Dosage schedule is
designed to reach a
target plasma
concentration
If dosage adjustment
Drug is administered
necessary
A pharmacokinetic
model is applied and
clinical judgement is
used
Figure Process for reaching dosage decisions with therapeutic drug
monitoring
DRUG ASSAY
Tentukan
a. Persamaan regresi
b. Nilai Akurasi
Konsentrasi (x Absorbansi Konsentrasi (x) (x-x’)2
yang dibuat)
50 0,303
50 0,301
50 0,302
50 0,301
50 0,301
x’= ∑=
SD = ∑(x-x’)2
n-1
RSD = SD X 100 %
X’
Penentuan LOD dan LOQ
Sb = ∑(x-x’)2
n-2
LOD = KXSb
S1
LOQ = KXSb
S1
Toxicity
Concentration
Plasma Drug
Increasing
Optimal Therapeutic
Therapy Range
Sub-therapeutic