A.

Definisi
Chikungunya adalah penyakit yang mirip dengan Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever. Penyakit ini
diidentifikasi dengan timbulnya demam dan disertai dengan arthritis pada pergelangan tangan,
lutut, pergelangan kaki dan sendi kecil ekstremitas yang berlangsung selama beberapa hari
sampai beberapa bulan. (Sarudji, 2010)
B. Etiologi
Virus Chikungunya merupakan penyebab penyakit Chikungunya. Virus Chikungunya masuk ke
tubuh manusia melalui gigitan nyamuk Aedes Aegypty.
C. Patofisiologi

D. Manifestasi Klinis
1. Demam Selama 1-6 hari (suhu tubuh dapat mencapai 390 C)
2. Injeksi konjungtiva, fotofobia ringan, dan nyeri kepala
3. Nyeri sendi terutama pada lutut, pergelangan tangan, jari kaki, jari tangan, dan tulang
belakang (break-bone fever)
4. Ruam Kemerahan pada kulit (setelah 3-5 hari)
5. Pembesaran kelenjar getah bening
6. Jarang menyebabkan pendarahan, rejatan (Shock) maupun kematian.
E. Pemeriksaan Laboratorium
1. Isolasi virus
2. Pemeriksaan serologi
3. Polimerase Chain Reaction (PRC)

Hasil pemerikasaan laboratorium:

1. Antibodi meningkat 4 kali pada fase akut dan fase penyembuhan

2. Antibodi IgM spesifik CHIKV (+)
F. Pencegahan
Pencegahan dapat dilakukan dengan mencegah perkembangbiakan nyamuk dan gigitan nyamuk
Aedes Aegypty.
1. Menguras bak mandi setiap minggu.
2. Menutup tempat penyimpanan air dan Menaburkan abate
3. Mengubur sampah.
4. Menaburkan larvasida.
5. Memelihara ikan pemakan jentik.
6. Pengasapan.
7. Menggunakan pakaian dan celana panjang, serta mengoleskan repellant pada kulit
8. Vaksinisasi Chikungunya.
G. Peran perawat
1. Perawat melakukan Health Edukasi tentang proses penyakit Chikingunya (Definisi, Etiologi,
pencegahan, dan discharge planing)kepada pasien dan keluarga pasien.
2. Perawat memberikan kompres hangat pada pasien yang mengalami demam.
3. Perawat melakukan kolaborasi dengan dokter dalam pemberian obat analgesik (obat pereda
nyeri), Antipiretik (Obat penurun suhu tubuh) dan Antiinflamasi.
Definition

Chikungunya is a disease similar to dengue hemorrhagic fever. This disease is identified with the
onset of fever and is accompanied by arthritis of the wrists, knees, ankles and small joints of
extremities that last for several days to several months. (Sarudji, 2010)

Etiology

Chikungunya virus is the cause of Chikungunya disease. The Chikungunya virus enters the human
body through the bite of the Aedes Aegypty mosquito.

Pathophysiology

Clinical Manifestations

Fever For 1-6 days (body temperature can reach 390 C)

Conjunctival injection, mild photophobia, and headache

Joint pain especially in the knees, wrists, toes, fingers and spine (break-bone fever)

Redness of the skin rash (after 3-5 days)

Enlarged lymph nodes

Rarely causes bleeding, shock or death.

Laboratory examination

Virus isolation

Serological examination

Polymerase Chain Reaction (PRC)

Laboratory examination results:

Antibodies increase 4 times in the acute phase and healing phase

CHIKV specific IgM antibodies (+)

Prevention

Prevention can be done by preventing mosquito breeding and the bite of the Aedes Aegypty
mosquito.

Drain the bath every week.

Close the water storage area and sprinkle abate

Bury garbage.

Larvacide sprinkling.

Maintain larvae eaters.

Smoked.

Using clothes and trousers, and applying repellant to the skin

Chikungunya Vaccination.

Nurse's role

The nurse conducts Health Education about the Chikingunya disease process (Definition, Etiology,
prevention, and discharge planing) to the patient and the patient's family.

Nurses provide warm compresses in patients who have a fever.

Nurses collaborate with doctors in administering analgesic drugs (painkillers), antipyretics (body
temperature-lowering drugs) and anti-inflammatory drugs.

aegypty aedes mosquito bites the human body. Chikungunya virus enters the body towards the
endeplasmic and cytoplasmic reticulum. incubation period. after the incubation period, the virion
ripens in endothelium lymphoma cells. virus is released through membrane cells. circulating in the
blood. chikungunya

skin. causing red spots and itching. risk of damage to skin integrity. the liver. affect liver cell
metabolism. affects the increase in bilirubin. risk of liver function disorders. activate the
complement system. affect the hypothalamus. hypertermia. bone joints. joint pain