Teknik Dasar Fotografi

email : xesuma@.tempo.co.id
rullykesuma@yahoo.com
Fotografi adalah proses pembuatan lukisan dengan
menggunakan media cahaya atau melukis dengan cahaya.
Fotografi berarti proses atau metode untuk menghasilkan gambar atau
FOTO dari suatu objek dengan merekam pantulan cahaya yang
mengenai objek tersebut pada media yang peka cahaya. Alat untuk
menangkap cahaya ini adalah kamera.
Kamera dan Fungsinya
Kamera digital
Bekerja tanpa menggunakan film. Pemotret
dapat dengan mudah menangkap suatu objek
tanpa harus susah-susah membidiknya melalui
jendela pandang, karena kamera digital
sebagian besar memang tidak memilikinya.
Sebagai gantinya, kamera digital menggunakan
sebuah layar LCD yang terpasang di belakang
kamera.
Sebagai media penyimpanan, kamera digital
menggunakan internal memory ataupun external
memory yang menggunakan memory card.
 Body atau Kotak
yang kedap cahaya

Bagian dasar
Kamera DSLR

Viewfinder

Pengatur ISO/ASA Film

Shutter Speed Sistem lensa.
Aperture (Bukaan Diafragma)

Pemantik potret (shutter).

Mirrorless
n Kemampuannya mirip DSLR, namun tidak memakai
cermin
n Ukuran relatif lebih kecil, ringan dan ringkas
n Kualitasnya hasil fotonya mendekati DSLR
n Ukuran sensornya setara DSLR kelas menengah
n Lensa bisa diganti-ganti
Kamera saku

n kamera saku dilengkapi lensa yang memiliki optical

zoom dan digital zoom
n Ukuran kecil
Ponsel Berkamera
Cara Kerja DSLR dan mirrorless
Lensa

Lensa panjang/tele Lensa pendek/sudut lebar

 Lensa 20 mm Lensa 85 mm

Lensa 135 mm

Perbandingan pengambilan gambar dengan

lensa yang berbeda dari jarak 4 meter

Lensa 200 mm
 Karateristik Lensa

Lensa Tele : Memampatkan Subjek Lensa Sudut Lebar : Menjauhkan

dengan subjek lainnya Subjek dengan subjek lainnya
Lensa 8 mm Lensa 200 mm
 Lensa yang
berbeda

Lensa Sudut Lebar

Lensa Tele
Tempo/Rully Kesuma Tempo/Rully Kesuma
Pencahayaan

Kegiatan Fotografi Selalu memerlukan cahaya.

Untuk memperoleh hasil pemotretan yang baik
banyaknya cahaya masuk harus diatur, dengan
membuat kombinasi yang seimbang antara :
Diafragma, kecepatan rana, dan kecepatan/kepekaan
film
Sistem pencahayaan pada Kamera Compact

Auto : kamera mengatur semua pencahayaan secara otomatis

AV : kamera memprioritaskan diafragma sesuai pilihan
TV : kamera memprioritaskan kecepatan sesuai pilihan
M : pengaturan diafragma, kecepatan, dan Asa diatur lampu kilat
secara manual
P : Diafragma dan kecepatan diatur kamera, tapi ASA dan lampu kilat bisa
diatur
Exposure Triangle
Diafragma

Bagian yang mengatur bukaan rana

(diafragma) sehingga banyaknya
cahaya yang masuk bisa diatur
sesuai dengan kebutuhan
Diafragma
Makin kecil angkanya, makin besar bukaan dan cahaya yang masuk makin banyak.
Makin kecil angkanya , skala ruang tajamnya makin sempit, makin buram latar belakang

Angka pada diafrgama : 1,2 - 1,4 - 2,8 - 4 - 5,6 - 8 - 11 - 16 - 22 - 32

Bukaan Diafragma
Depth of Field
Ruang tajam ini diperlukan terutama saat kita menentukan apakah subjek yang
akan kita foto memerlukan ruang tajam yang luas atau sempit
Ruang tajam ditentukan oleh :
- Jarak antara subjek dengan kamera
- Bukaan Lensa
- Panjang lensa
Ruang Tajam
Penggunaan diafragma
yang berbeda dengan jarak
subjek dan lensa yang
sama
Penggunaan Diafragma yang berbeda

f : 11 f : 2,8
Lensa 85 mm

f : 1,2 f : 7,1
Shutter Speed.

freshphotographer.com
Shutter Speed.
Pengatur kecepatan masuknya cahaya
 Memotret Subjek Bergerak
Orang Diam 1/60
Orang berjalan 1/125
Sepeda motor 1/250
Balap mobil 1/500

Shutter speed di kamera : B, 1, 2, 4, 8, 15, 30, 60, 125, 250, 500, 1000, 2000, 4000
Gerak

Rowing enthusiasts
participate in a dragon
boat race near Hong
Kong's Aberdeen island
Panning Saturday, June 11, 2005
as part of celebrations
marking the Chinese
Dragon Boat Festival,
held throughout Hong
Kong. (AP
Photo/Vincent Yu)

Freezing
Blurring Freezing
Zooming

Blurring
 An unidentified rider jumps on his horse at the
Longines Grand Prix of Switzerland during the
CSIO Show horse jumping in St. Gallen,
Switzerland, Sunday, June 5, 2011. (AP
Photo/Keystone, Ennio Leanza)

In this photo taken with a slow shorter speed, a horse

goes through it's morning workout at Churchill Downs
Thursday, May 3, 2012, in Louisville, Ky. (AP
Photo/Morry Gash)
ZOOMING

With a zoom effect, Spain's Rafael Nadal serves to

compatriot David Ferrer during their quarterfinals
match of the French Open tennis tournament at the
Roland Garros stadium, Tuesday May 31, 2005 in
Paris. Nadal won 7-5, 6-2, 6-0. ( AP Photo/Francois
Mori)

Indy Racing league driver Kenny Brack of Sweden prepares to practice at the
Indianapolis Motor Speedway, Friday, May 20, 2005. Brack will replace defending
Indy 500 champion Buddy Rice who will not compete in the 89th running of the
Indy 500. (AP Photo/Darron Cummings)
Seorang ibu dengan khusus
menjalakan salat tarawih
pertama bersama ribuan
umat muslim lainnya di
Masjid Istiqal Jakarta , Selasa
(09/07). Pemerintah
menetapkan Ramadhan 1434
H jatuh pada hari Rabu
(10/09) . TEMPO/Dasril
Roszandi
Speed tinggi

Speed rendah
 Pencahayaan : Manual
Diafragma : 2,8
Speed : 32 detik
Iso : 2500
Jam : 21’58

Pencahayaan : AV
Diafragma : 5,6
Speed : 1/250
Iso : 100
Jam : 06’50

Danau Sagara Anak, gunung Rinjani.

Tempo/Rully Kesuma
 Swimmers compete in the men's 200m butterfly swimming heats at the World
Championships in Rome July 28, 2009. REUTERS/Alessandro Bianchi (ITALY
SPORT SWIMMING)

(from top) Pedro Oliveira of Portugal, Cheng Feiyi

of China, Oleg Rabota of Kazakhstan and Ehud
Segal of Israel start in the men's 200m backstroke
swimming heats at the World Championships in
Rome July 30, 2009. REUTERS/Tony Gentile
(ITALY SPORT SWIMMING)
 Penggunaan teknis yang berbeda

Pemain sirkus yang mengenakan pakaian asal Cina saat beratraksi dalam
rangka merayakan menjelang Cap Gomeh di JIExpo, Kemayoran, Jakarta, Rabu
(20/2). Kegiatan yang menampilkan budaya China tersebut merupakan
rangkaian Cap Go Meh Festival 2013 yang berlangsung dari 20-24 febuari
mendatang. Foto: Tempo/Aditia Noviansyah
Kecepatan film (cari kata2 yang pas)
Adalah istilah dalam fotografi untuk mengukur tingkat sensitivitas atau kepekaan film
terhadap cahaya saat merekam gambar. Film dengan kepekaan rendah (memiliki angka
ISO rendah) membutuhkan sorotan (exposure) yang lebih lama sehingga disebut slow
film, sedangkan film dengan kepekaan tinggi (memiliki angka ISO tinggi) membutuhkan
exposure yang singkat.

Asa Rendah

Asa tinggi
Pencahayaan
Arah jatuh cahaya mengenai subjek sangat penting untuk sebuah
pemotretan. Dengan memindahkan subjek atau kamera dari arahnya jatuh
sinar akan diperoleh efek pencahayaan yang lebih baik.

Cahaya Samping (Side Lighting)

Memperkuat tekstur dan bentuk dari Subjek
Cahaya dari depan
Lebih mudah dalam pemotretan, bayangan yang terbentuk sedikit tetapi
subjek terlihat flat, kehilangan kedalaman dan tekstur.

Iranian women listen to a speaker, as

light reflects onto face at right, during a
presidential campaign of former
president Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani, in
north of Tehran Saturday June 11,
2005. Former Iranian President
Hashemi Rafsanjani, favored to regain
the post in elections next week, wooed
the youth vote in a campaign broadcast
Saturday - shedding tears when a
young woman told him she would not
vote and complained of social
restrictions in the Islamic republic. (AP
Photo/Kamran Jebreili)
 Cahaya Belakang (Back Lighting)
Efek yang dihasilkan dramatis, menciptakan efek-halo (rim light), membuat
efek romantis pada foto potrait. Apabila cahayanya kuat, mudah untuk
membuat silhoute dan membuat bayangan dari subjek.

Britain's Prime Minister Tony Blair (AFP PHOTO/

Adrian DENNIS / WPA POOL)

Several nuns pray near Pope John Paul II as he lies-in-state inside Saint Peter's Basilica at the
Vatican City. An unceasing swell of humanity surged around the Vatican, desperate to pay
tribute to the Pope. (AP Photo//Dallas Morning News,Barbara Davidson)
Models pose on the beach in Sanya, on south China's Hainan
Island during a photocall at the New Silk Road Model Contest
Thursday Sept. 11, 2003. Fifty-one models from China and
Taiwan are preparing for the final of the contest which will be
held on Sept. 14. (AP Photo/str)
Artists of the Australian Strange Fruit performing arts
company put up a show in a Bucharest Romania park
Sunday afternoon July 15 2007. The Romanian capital
will host an open air theatre festival with shows at the
weekends until August.(AP Photo/Vadim Ghirda)
Atlet terjun payung TNI AL berusaha mendarar di titik
zero pada First CISM Asia Military Parachuting
Championship di Lanud Halim Perdana Kusuma,
Jakarta, Jumat (28/9). Kompetisi terjun payung yang
diikuti sejumlah negara seperti Kazakstan, Malaysia,
Philipines, Qatar, Srilangka, Singapura, Australia, Japan
dan Belgia tersebut diharapkan membangun
persahabatan antar negara khusunya meningkatkan
olahraga terjun payung. FOTO ANTARA/Zabur Karuru
 Cahaya Buatan/Lampu Kilat

Menggunakan lampu kilat

Tempo/Rully Kesuma
Tanpa lampu kilat
Paul Thomson tries her hand at cross cut sawing during the annual
Wood show in Sydney, Australia, Friday, June 3, 2005. School students Perayaan 1 tahun Selebritis Fitness di Embassy
from all over Sydney visited the show as a pre-vocational excursion to Senayan Jakarta (Sabtu, 14 Mei 2005). Photo
view different aspects of the wood industry. (AP Photo/Rob Griffith) Tempo/Arie Basuki
Speed 1detik, f 2,8 Asa 80

Speed 1/60, f 2,8 Asa 200

Pencahayaan Manual
Iso : 2000
Kecepatan : 1/15
Diafragma : 5.6
Flash : fired

Zooming

Ratusan masyarakat dengan membawa aneka kreasi lampi

Ting mengikuti arak arakan Festival Ting malem Selikuran
dari Balai Kota hingga Plaza Sriwedari, Selasa (29/7), malam.
Malem selikuran merupakan acara tradisi masyarakat Kota
Solo dalam rangka memperingati hari ke-21 di bulan puasa.
Tempo/Andry Prasetyo
 Pencahayaan : Manual
Diafragma : 18
Speed : 1/160
Iso : 100

Pencahayaan : Manual
Diafragma : 18
Speed : 1/160
Iso : 100
Menggunakan Flash

Bunga Edelweiss, gunung Rinjani. Tempo/Rully Kesuma

Tanpa Flash Dengan Flash Tempo/Rully Kesuma

Bagi penggemar fotografi yang serius : Cahaya pagi sebelum jam 9 pagi dan setelah jam 3 sore
adalah waktu terbaik. Warna cahaya cenderung hangat, kontras cahaya tidak tinggi, memungkinkan
memperoleh arah cahaya yang terbaik.
Komposisi

Cara mengatur semua elemen ke

dalam sebuah gambar. Elemen itu
termasuk garis, bentuk, warna dan
pencahayaan. Secara umum komposisi
klasik biasanya mempunyai ‘point of
interest’ yang kuat, atau subjek utama
yang langsung menarik perhatian.
Western tourists relax under parasols on Patong Beach in Phuket,
southern Thailand Thursday, Feb. 3, 2005. The Thai government and
private sectors are trying to attract tourists to return to the country's
southern beach resorts after the tsunami hit the areas five weeks ago,
killing more than 5,000 people in Thailand alone. (AP Photo/Teh Eng
Koon)
Workers install a fence at Gelora Bung Karno stadium in
Jakarta, Indonesia, Wednesday, June 26, 2007.
Workers have installed a sleek VIP box, bolted down
88,000 new seats and painted every wall, girder and
fence in Indonesia's Soviet-era soccer stadium to
prepare it for the final of the Asian Cup. (AP Photo/Dita
Alangkara)

Chinese children attend the Sichuan Social Art

Level Examination at the Chengdu Youth Cultural
Palace in Chengdu, southwest China's Sichuan
province, Tuesday, July 18 2006. Thousands of
children are expected at the exams, many
accompanied by parents anxious to push the talent
they see in their children to gain an edge in life. (AP
Photo/Color China Photo)
Rule of Third
 Members of the Indian Border Security Force mounted on
camels rehearse for "Beating the Retreat", during
preparations for Republic Day celebrations in New Delhi,
India, Sunday, Jan. 24, 2010. India will celebrate Republic
Day on Jan. 26. (AP Photo/Mustafa Quraishi)

Actor Tom Cruise and his wife Katie Holmes pose during a
photo-call for the world premiere of their new film "Knight and
Day" at the Lope de Vega theatre in Seville, Spain on
Wednesday June 16, 2010. (AP Photo/Toni Rodriguez)
 A penitent from "La Sed" brotherhood, walks to the church to take part in a
procession in Seville, Southern Spain, Wednesday, March 31, 2010. Hundreds
of processions take place throughout Spain during the Easter Holy Week. (AP
Photo/Emilio Morenatti)

A jogger runs through an alley at the Herrenhaeuser Gardens

park in Hanover, northern Germany, on Tuesday, May 4,
2010. (AP Photo/dapd/Joerg Sarbach)
Pemain Tim Putri Popsivo Polwan, Lita Kurniati
(kanan), mencoba mengangkat bola saat
bertanding melawan Tim Putri Bank Jatim dalam
pertandingan bola voli putri Sampoerna Hijau
Voli Proliga 2007 di Hal Basket Senayan,
Jakarta, Sabtu, 17 Maret 2007. Pertandingan
tersebut dimenangkan oleh Tim Putri Bank Jatim
dengan skor 3-1. [TEMPO/ Wahyu Setiawan]
Umat Islam saat melaksanakan ibadah Shalat Dhuhur di
Masjid Istiqlal, Jakarta, Senin (1/8). Bertepatan dengan
hari pertama puasa Ramadhan, umat Islam lebih
banyak mengisi waktu dengan beribadah.
TEMPO/Subekti.
Seorang umat muslim membaca Al Quran di Masjid Baitul
Ihsan, Kawasan Bank Indonesia Jakarta, Jumat (3/8).
Sejumlah umat muslim mengisi bulan suci Ramadhan dengan
melakukan berbagai ibadah untuk lebih mendekatkan diri
kepada Allah SWT. FOTO ANTARA/Wahyu Putro A
A bronze statue of General George Washington by William Rudolf O'Donovan stands on top of the Trenton Battle
Monument while silhouetted by a the light of a full moon shinning on clouds, Thursday, Nov. 29, 2012, in Trenton, N.J.
The monument commemorates the victory at the first Battle of Trenton, which occurred on Dec. 26, 1776, and is
located where the artillery dominated the streets of Trenton, preventing the Hessian troops from organizing attacks. (AP
Photo/Julio Cortez)
 Seorang pekerja menyelesaikan pembuatan kapal ikan di
desa Karangsong, Indramayu, Jawa barat, Kamis (9/8).
Sejak dua pekan terakhir harga bahan baku kayu
mengalami kenaikan sekitar 40 persen, pengusaha kapal
Ikan mengeluhkan mahalnya harga kayu jenis Merbau
dari harga Rp. 4,5jt per meter kubik menjadi Rp.6,5jt per
meter kubik. FOTO ANTARA/Dedhez Anggara
Eye Catching/Menarik
Pandangan Mata
 Israeli soldiers huddle together and grieve as the family of
Yonatan Hadassi cry at his grave site in Kibbutz Merhavya, in
this July 20, 2006, Hadassi was killed the day before in an
exchange of fire with Hezbollah guerrillas on the Lebanon side of
the border. (AP Photo/David Guttenfelder)

Relatives of the Lebanese victims of the July 30 Israeli forces'

attack, holding pictures of their loved ones, participate in a
mass funeral procession, in the southern village of Qana,
Lebanon, in this Aug. 18, 2006, (AP Photo/Lefteris Pitarakis)
REUTERS PICTURES OF THE DECADE. Two Bosnian Muslim women cry over a coffin July 10, 2005 with remains of their relative in
a factory hall in Potocari where 610 victims of Srebrenica massacre wait for the funeral. Tens of thousands of family members, foreign
dignitaries and guests are expected to attend a ceremony in Srebrenica on July 11 marking the 10th anniversary of the massacre in
which Serb forces killed up to 8,000 Muslim men and boys. About 610 identified victims will be buried at a memorial cemetery during
the ceremony, their bodies found in some 60 mass graves around the town. More than 1,300 Srebrenica victims are already buried
there. REUTERS/Damir Sagolj (BOSNIA)
Garis
Fotografer yang kreatif sering menggunakan garis dalam fotonya
untuk mengarahkan perhatian pemirsa pada subjek utamanya.
Seringkali garis-garis itu juga dipergunakan sebagai subjek.

German Chancellor Angela Merkel, on

the podium right, and the Chinese
Prime Minister Wen Jiabao, left, listen
to the national anthems during the
welcome ceremony in front of the
Chancellery in Berlin, on Thursday,
Jan. 29, 2009. (AP Photo/Gero
Breloer, Pool)
Warna
Semua gambar yang menggunakan
elemen warna harus mempunyai
posisi sentral agar menjadi aksen
yang mudah dikenali.
Seorang fotografer perlu belajar
untuk melatih mata.
Mana warna yang dominan dengan
menyeleksi dan mengurangi
(memperkecil) jumlah warna di
sebuah gambar atau mengisolasi
elemen yang penuh warna.
A reveler throws tomato pulp at another during the
annual food fight, the Tomatina, in the small Spanish
town of Bunol, Spain, Wednesday, Aug. 27, 2008.
Each year tens of thousands of people hurl truckloads
of tomatoes at each other, sending knee-deep rivers
through the small Spanish town. Local lore says it
began in the mid-1940s with a food battle that broke
out between youngsters near a vegetable stand on the
town square in Bunol. (AP Photo/Fernando
Bustamante)

Elijah Butts, left, and Joel Freeman

unicycle their way past Tortilleria y
Panaderia La Autentica on Tuesday,
Sept. 25, 2007, in Loveland, Colo. The
two and a group of their friends started
riding unicycles a little over a year ago
because they said too many people were
riding bikes and skateboards. (AP
Photo/Loveland Reporter-Herald,
Christopher Stark)
Bentuk
Salah satu cara membuat foto yang menarik perhatian adalah
memberi prioritas pada satu elemen visual. Bentuk-adalah salah satu
cara yang efektif untuk menarik perhatian

Seorang bocah menunggu orang yang memakai

jasanya sebagai ojek payung di Plaza
Indonesia, Minggu 05/06/05. Hujan yang akhir-
akhir ini jatuh pada dua hari ini menguntungkan
para pengojek payung mengais rejeki.
[TEMPO/Santirta M]
Suasana Masjid Akbar Kota
Baru Bandar Kemayoran,
Jakarta, Kamis
(18/07/2013).Tempo/Dian
Triyuli Handoko
Low Angle.
Memotret dengan sudut pandang sejajar memang mudah dan terlihat
lebih alami, tetapi seringkali efek visualnya kurang dramatis. Dengan
memindahkan sudut pandang dan memotret dari bawah dapat
menjadikan subjek yang difoto terlihat lebih besar dan lebih dominan.
A member of the
Edmonton Eskimos cheer
squad is tossed into the
air in front of a record
41,000 people during the
annual Labor Day classic
football game between the
Edmonton Eskimos and
the Calgary Stampeders
in Calgary, Alberta,
September 7, 2009.
REUTERS/Todd Korol

Muslims attend Friday prayers at the

National Mosque in Kuala Lumpur
March 14, 2014. The Friday prayers
included a special prayer session for the
passengers of the missing Malaysia
Airlines Flight MH370. A new search
area for Malaysia Airlines Flight 370
may be opened in the Indian Ocean, the
White House said, significantly
broadening the potential location of the
plane, which disappeared nearly a week
ago with 239 people on board.
REUTERS/Damir Sagolj
High Angle.
Memotret subjek dari atas dan mengarahkan kamera ke bawah.
Pemotretan dengan pengambilan dari sudut atas memberikan kesan
berlawanan dengan low angle.

A man walks with a dog along a dry cracked reservoir bed in Alcora, eastern
Spain Friday May 20, 2005. Spain is suffering the driest period with the
lowest rainfall since 1947. (AP Photo/ Fernando Bustamante
Pengambilan gambar dari atas menyebabkan berkurangnya penonjolan
dari subjek. Subjek terlihat sebagai bagian dari pattern.

A bugler plays Taps during the funeral service for Staff Sgt. Leroy E.
Alexander, of Dale City, Va., at Arlington Cemetery in Arlington, Va.,
Monday, June 20, 2005. Alexander was killed when a roadside bomb
exploded near his convoy in southeastern Afghanistan. (AP Photo/Susan
Walsh)

Cadets march during the Combined Graduation Parade where 158 cadets were
commissioned as Indian Air force Flying Officers at the Air Force Academy in
Dundigal, 43 kilometres (27 miles) from Hyderabad, India, Saturday, June 18,
2005. (AP Photo/Mustafa Quraishi)
Sewa 'Crane'. Wartawan foto dan kamerawan Jepang tidak
kehabisan akal untuk mendapat gambar kecelakaan kereta
penumpang di lokasi kejadian di Amagasaki, Jepang, pekan
lalu. Dengan menyewa 'crane', mereka dapat mengambil saat-
saat penyelamatan korban tanpa menganggu petugas medis
bekerja.. (AP Photo/Koji Sasahara)
Framing.
Menggunakan elemen latar depan untuk digunakan
sebagai bingkai sebuah foto.

In this Wednesday, Nov. 25, 2009 photo, Border Security Force (BSF) soldiers are seen patrolling at the border with
Pakistan in Kutch district, about 550 kilometers (344 miles) from Ahmadabad, in the western Indian state of Gujarat. Indian
Prime Minister Manmohan Singh on Wednesday raised Indian fears about Pakistani Taliban forces moving away from
their traditional bases in lands near Afghanistan and into the heart of Pakistan, something that he said threatens both
Pakistan's government and India. (AP Photo/Ajit Solanki)
 Alex

Ketua Dewan Pembina Partai Demokrat, Presiden

Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono, memberikan orasi
politiknya saat kampanye terbuka di Gelora 10
November, Surabaya. Presiden SBY mengajak ribuan
kader dan simpatisannya untuk melanjutkan apa yang
sudah dilakukan selama masa pemerintahannya.
A Filipino Muslim boy shouts instructions as they
(TEMPO-FULLY SYAFI)
practice during march for peace activities in
suburban Bicutan, south of Manila, on Sunday Jan.
20, 2008. Hundreds of Muslim children marched
for peace and the resumption of peace talks
between the government and Muslim seperatists
rebels. (AP Photo/Aaron Favila)
Ultra Orthodox Jewish men pray at Joseph's Tomb in the West Bank city
of Nablus, early Tuesday, June 23, 2009.The Israeli army allowed a few
hundred religious Jews to pray at the the shrine which was partially
destroyed by Palestinians during clashes in the year of 2000. (AP
Photo/Sebastian Scheiner)

REUTERS PICTURES OF THE DECADE. Majid Kavousifar and

his nephew Hossein Kavousifar hang from the cable of a crane in
Tehran August 2, 2007. Iran hanged Majid and Hossein, the killers
of a judge who had jailed several reformist dissidents, before a
crowd of hundreds of people on Thursday. REUTERS/Morteza
Nikoubazl (IRAN)
Menjadi Fotografer Kreatif
1. Melatih Spontanitas
Melatih ketajaman perasaan dan mata terhadap keadaan di sekitar kita.
Dengan memperhatikan detil, gerak, warna, bayangan. Seorang fotografer
yang baik bisa melihat kemungkinan membuat gambar dari keadaan sehari-
hari atau biasa di saat orang lain luput memperhatikannya

A Chinese soldier is wrapped around with a Chinese flag

as they stand in position during an official ceremony
outside of Bejing's Great Hall of the People Thursday, May
26, 2005. China spends much more on its military than it
officially acknowledges, but far less than some experts
believe, a U.S.-funded report by the think tank Rand Corp.
In terms of purchasing power, China's People's Liberation
Army which includes the country's naval and air forces,
spends between US$69 billion and US$78 billion a year,
estimated in 2001 U.S. dollars, well below some estimates
by the U.S. government and some outside experts. (AP
Photo/Elizabeth Dalziel)
Melatih keterampilan untuk merespons secara cepat saat
melihat kemungkinan membuat gambar bagus.

Tom Rusert of Sonoma laughs as a young white-faced ibis

returns and lands on his head after being released back
into the wild Thursday, Sept. 6, 2007, at the Vic Fazio Yolo
Wildlife Area near Davis, Calif. The International Bird
Rescue Research Center rescued the helpless, hungry
chicks after their parents were forced by a farmer to
abandon them in July. Rusert and others adopted every
bird for $100 each, which allowed the volunteers at
IBRRC to feed, care for and release these unique and
rarely seen birds. (AP Photo/The Reporter, Rick Roach)
Israel's Prime Minister Ariel Sharon looks through
a pair of binoculars which still have the lens caps
on during a visit to Adam military camp near Tel
Aviv on January 7, 2002. REUTERS/Nir Elias
Britain's Kate, the
Duchess of Cambridge,
chats with a Maori
warrior at the official
welcome for her and her
husband Prince William,
at Government House, in
Wellington, New
Zealand, Monday, April
7, 2014. (AP
Photo/SNPA, Ross
Setford)

Britain's Prince William and his wife Kate,

the Duchess of Cambridge with Prince
George arrive for their visit to New Zealand
at the International Airport, in Wellington,
New Zealand, Monday, April 7, 2014. (AP
Photo/SNPA, David Rowland)
Liu Xia, wife of veteran Chinese pro-democracy activist Liu Xiaobo, is seen through
the glasses of a journalist during an interview in Beijing June 24, 2009. Liu Xiaobo, one
of China's best known dissidents, has been formally arrested on suspicion of inciting
subversion, following his detention late last year for promoting a petition calling for an
end to one-party rule. The move brings one of the most prominent critics of the ruling
Communist Party a step closer to trial, and it will be a blow to supporters and human
rights groups who had hoped he would be released after China passed the politically
sensitive 20th anniversary of the 1989 pro-democracy Tiananmen protests.
REUTERS/David Gray (CHINA CONFLICT POLITICS)
 Ferrari's formula one driver Rubens Barrichello, left, from Brazil, is
reflected in a pair of sunglasses as he speaks to reporters in Montreal
Thursday, June 9, 2005. The Canadian Grand Prix runs Sunday. (AP
PHOTO/Ryan Remiorz)

A Ferrari car is reflected in the rim of a Maserati car in Maranello,

Italy Tuesday, June 21, 2005. Sotheby's announced during a
press conference Tuesday an unprecedented sale dedicated to
Italy's finest sports cars. The auction of Ferrari and Maserati
models spanning seven decades will be held at the Ferrari
headquarters in Maranello on June 28, 2005. (AP Photo/Luca
Bruno)
Pedestrians are reflected on a stock quotation
board at a brokerage in Tokyo November 26,
2013. Japanese stocks retreated from a 6-
month high on Tuesday morning as a pause in
the weak yen trend gave investors an
opportunity to book gains after the market's
recent frenetic rise. REUTERS/Yuya Shino

Orang-orang terpantul dari cermin di luar

sebuah kompleks pertokoan di Tokyo 27 Juli
2012. Harga indeks konsumen Jepang turun
0,2 persen pada Juni dari tahun sebelumnya,
data pemerintah menunjukkan pada Jumat,
bahwa negara ini masih jauh dari pencapaian
target bank sentral, inflasi sebesar 1 persen.
REUTERS / Yuriko Nakao
AREA BERMAIN PUBLIK. Bayangan seroang petugas
mencoba mengeringkan lapangan futsal dan basket dengan
sapu setelah hujan mengguyur kawasan Monumen Nasional
(Monas), Jakarta, Jumat (15/4). Masyarakat memanfaatkan
beberapa fasilitas olahraga gratis seperti futsal dan basket
yang tersedia di areal Monas. FOTO : ANTARA/Andika
Wahyu.
Bereaksi dengan cepat terhadap subjek dengan mendengar,
berbicara, melihat lalu berpikir bagaimana menggunakan teknik
dan perlengkapan untuk menggambarkan sesuatu yang berbeda,
sesuatu yang personal dengan foto kita

Dick Doang, foto : Tempo/Rully Kesuma

 Aksentuasi

Plawangan Sembalun, gunung Rinjani. Tempo/Rully Kesuma

2. Sederhana, simple.
Kesederhanaan bisa digambarkan dengan fokus selektif dan lebih
-
dekat dengan subjek, mengisolasi subjek dari latar belakang atau
latar depan yang tidak perlu.

Seno Gumira Ajidarma. Foto : Tempo/Rully Kesuma

Ryan Devany, an employee at Butterfly World, an indoor tropical jungle
inhabited by thousands of butterflies and insects and a visitor's attraction,
near Edinburgh, gets a close look at two new baby green Yemen
Chameleons hatched in the last two weeks Thursday May 26, 2005. The
chameleons may reach up to two feet in length. (AP Photo/David
Cheskin, PA

A Thai student walks in front of a sale sign of 50 percent in Bangkok

on Friday June 3, 2005. Thailand's Ministry of Finance on Monday cut
its economic growth forecast for 2005 to 4.6 percent-5.1 percent due to
high oil prices, a severe drought and the impact of the December
tsunami disaster. (AP Photo/Sakchai Lalit)
Membawa peralatan terlalu banyak perlengkapan kadang
membuat kita susah menjaga mood dalam sebuah pemotretan.
Terlalu banyak pilihan sehingga konsentrasi terpecah.
 3. Membuat Asumsi
Fotografi adalah medium yang ideal untuk mengajak orang lain
berasumsi. Dari semua bentuk seni, fotografi lah yang paling
memungkinkan mewakili sebuah realitas.
Gunung Rinjani. Tempo/Rully Kesuma
Fotografer yang kreatif berjuang dengan pengharapan,
pembentukan, atau mengubah sebuah realitas dengan
caranya mendekati subjeknya.
Penumpang KRL. Tempo/Ramdani
4. Membuat Hubungan
Membuat Hubungan artinya melihat sesuatu dengan cara-cara baru,
menyampaikan pandangan pribadi untuk menafsirkan sebuah subjek.

As a plane makes its final approach to the nearby airport, a Freestyle Motocross competitor practices a jump in preperation for
the Panasonic Open Wednesday, June 8, 2005, in Louisville, Ky. The event is the first in a new series of action sports
competitions featurning skateboard, BMX and dirt bikes. (AP Photo/Ed Reinke)
 An ultra-orthodox Jewish man is seen in front of poster of Lubavitcher Rabbi
Menachem Mendel Schneerson during Lag Ba'Omer celebrations at the grave of
Rabbi Shimon Bar Yochai at Mt. Meron in northern Israel, Friday May 27, 2005.
Tens of thousands of worshippers gathered to celebrate Lag Ba'Omer
commemorating the end of a plague said to have decimated Jews in Roman
times.. (AP Photo/Oded Balilty)
Melihat kejadian sehari-hari dengan keingintahuan seperti anak-
Anak dan penuh rasa heran, mengubah sesuatu yang biasa menjadi
tidak biasa, dari aneh menjadi biasa

Alex Webb

A woman (R) tries on shoes at a store with a huge poster hanging on a

pillar at a shopping mall in Kuala Lumpur, 03 October 2001. Malaysian
women have become more fashion conscious in recent years due to a
growing presence of western influences with the government offering
foreign investors low interest rates and a fixed currency. AFP
PHOTO/Jimin LAI
An Iranian woman walks past an anti-U.S. mural on the wall of the former U.S. Embassy in
Tehran, Tuesday, Sept. 25, 2007. Iran and the U.S. have not had diplomatic ties since
militants took over the U.S. Embassy following the 1979 Islamic Revolution. Iranian
President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad is addressing the U.N. General Assembly Tuesday after
defending Holocaust revisionists and raising questions about who carried out the Sept. 11
attacks in a tense showdown at Columbia University. (AP Photo/Vahid Salemi)
 Seekor merpati terbang di Rumah Susun (Rusun) Angke, Tambora, Jakarta Barat, Kamis
(27/6). Penghuni rusun Anke mulai mengosongkan huniannya terkait rencana
peremajaan rusun itu yang mulai dikerjakan pada September 2013. ANTARA
FOTO/Zabur Karuru

Liz Gobeski soaks up the sun on the beach at Point

Woronzof as a Polar Air Cargo jet comes in for a
landing at Ted Stevens Anchorage International Airport
as the temperature reached into the 80's in
Anchorage, AK on Tuesday, June 18, 2013. (AP
Photo/Anchorage Daily News, Bob Hallinen)
5 . Mencari Inspirasi

Memotretlah berdasarkan
apa yang kita lihat dan
rasakan.

Sumber inspirasi bisa

berasal dari karya fotografi
itu sendiri atau dari
medium seni lainnya,
seperti lukisan, film, sastra
dsb
Annie Leibovitz
Ada baiknya seseorang fotografer berhenti untuk melihat
karya orang lain untuk mencari gaya sendiri

Remaja korban ranjau darat di Afghanistan, 2000.

Stephan Vanfleteren.

Behind the Gare Saint-

Lazare,Paris,1932. Henry
Cartier-Bresson

Seorang Yahudi ultra-ortodok melompat di atap Tentara Cina berlatih melompati kawat
kuburan. (AP Photo/Oded Balilty) berduri. (AP Photo)
 Bom Kuningan, Jakarta. AP Photo

Bom di Oklahoma. AP Photo

KORBAN TANAH LONGSOR. di

Manizales, Bogota , /AFP-J.J.
Bonilla

Bom di Baghdad, Irak. AP Photo

Pekerja migran di kamp, California di masa resesi Potret kemiskinan di Bangladesh, 1971. Don McCullin
Amerika Serikat, 1936. Dorothea Lange
6. Membentuk ‘Personal Style’
Ada baiknya seorang fotojurnalis mempercayai matanya dan mengikuti insting
untuk membangun gayanya sendiri (personal style)
Mata adalah bagian yang menghubungkan secara simbolis antara pikiran dan
perasaan yang membantu untuk membentuk gaya pemotretan seseorang

Foto : Tempo/Henda Suhara

Fotografi adalah salah satu alat untuk mengekspresikan personalitas,
persepsi, pilihan seseorang. Gabungan dari seni dan cara untuk
berkomunikasi yang mempunyai kemungkinan yang tidak terbatas
dalam penyampaiannya.
You don’t take photograph, you
make it.
Ansel Adams
Kamera adalah hanya alat perekam gambar,
membekukan peristiwa menjadi sebuah bentuk dua
dimensi. Fotografer lah yang mengisi foto tersebut
dengan pengetahuan yang ia miliki, pesan apa yang
akan ia sampaikan, dan teknis fotografi yang ia kuasai.
 Selesai

Sumber Tulisan : - Photojournalism. The Visual effect. Frank P.Hoy

Walter Cronkite of Journalism and telecomunication
Arizona State. Prentice-Hall
- Photojournalism. The Profesional,s Approach. Kenneth Kobre
Focal Press. Boston - London
- More Joy of Photography. By the Editors of Eastman Kodak
Company
- Photojournalism. Time-Life of Boarding
- Workshop Fotojurnalistik Antara – Eddy Hasby