Hemoglobin – 80%
Fe3+ + CO NADP+
Myoglobin O2
NADPH + H+
Cytochrome P450s
Heme Biliverdin Bilirubin
Hemoproteins Heme Biliverdin
(catalase, Oxygenase Reductase
cytochrome c,
tryptophan
pyrrolase)
Macrophage of the
reticuloendothelial system Blood
UDP-glukuronosil
transferase
UDP-asam glukuronat → bilirubin diglukuronida
+ +
bilirubin UDP
monoglukuronida
SEKRESI BILIRUBIN
• Sekresi bilirubin diglukuronida ke dalam
empedu melalui transport aktif (MOAT),
menggunakan ATP
• Fenobarbital induksi transpor.
• Bilirubin diglukuronida empedu
duodenum
Proses konjugasi dan sekresi bilirubin di hepar
Jaundice/icterus
JAUNDICE
• ADA 3 :
– PRE HEPATIC /
HEMOLYTIC
– HEPATIC /
HEPATOCELLULAR
– POST-HEPATIC /
OBSTRUCTIVE
Prehepatic (hemolytic) jaundice
• ↑ bilirubin akibat hemolysis
• autoimmune disease;
hemolytic disease of the
newborn (Rh- or ABO-
incompatibility); structurally
abnormal RBCs (Sickle cell
disease); or breakdown of
extravasated blood
• ↑ unconjugated bilirubin
urobilinogen di feses dan urin
↑
Intrahepatic jaundice
• Ggn pada uptake, konjugasi
atau sekresi bilirubin
• Disfungsi hepar
↓konjugasi ↑ indirect
• Disfungsi hepar
mikroobstruksi ↑ direct
ada bilirubin dalam urin
• Mikroobstruksi ↓
urobilinogen di urin dan feses
• hyperbilirubinemia + marker
fungsi hati (AST & ALT)
Posthepatic jaundice
• Obstruksi the biliary tree
• Bilirubin direct ↑
Direct = conjugated
Indirect =unconjugated
Etiologi hiperbilirubinemia
Conjugated & Unconjugated
Hiperbilirubinemia
• Neonatal jaundice:ec: ↑ hemolisis & sistem hepar belum
sempurna ↑ unconjugated bilirubin hiperbilirubinemia
dibiarkan kernicterus ensefalopati RM
• Sindrom Gilbert : 30% fungsi enzim UDP- glucosyltransferase
tidak berbahaya
• Sindrom Crigler-Najjar tipe I : 0% % fungsi enzim UDP-
glucosyltransferase fatal
• Sindrom Crigler-Najjar tipe II : defisiensi enzim ringan Tx
fenobarbital dosis besar
• Hiperbilirubinemia toksik: kerusakan parenkim hati akibat
kloroform, arsfenamin, karbontetraklorida, asetaminofen, virus
hepatitis, sirosis, dan jamur Amanita.
• Sind. Dubin Johnson : mutasi pada gen MOAT
Referensi
• Rodwell VW, Bender DA, Botham KM, Kennelly
PJ, Weil PA. 2015. Harper’s Illustrated
Biochemistry. 30th ed. McGraw-Hill
Education, New York.
• Koolman J & Roehm K-H, 2005. Color Atlas of
Biochemistry, 2nd edition. Stuttgart
• Naik, P. 2016. Biochemistry. 4th ed. Jaypee
publishing, New Delhi