Table 179-2
Temuan dalam Infeksi Kulit dan Jaringan Lunak Necrotizing
Feature Progressive Synergistic Streptococcal Clostridial Necrotizing
Bacterial Necrotizing Gangrene Myonecrosis Infections in
Synergistic Cellulitis (gas Immunosuppression
Gangrene gangrene)
Microbiology Streptococci, Mixture of Group A Clostridium Rhizopus, Mucor,
Staphylococcus organisms: streptococci perfringens Absidia, Pseudomonas
aureus Bacteroides, aeruginosa
peptostreptococci,
or Escherichia coli
Kondisi Surgery or draining Diabetes Diabetes or Trauma Diabetes,penggunnaan
Predisposisi sinus abdominal surgery corticosteroid,
immunosuppression,
burns
Fever Minimal Moderate High Moderate to high Low in fungal, high in
pseudomonal
Pain Prominent Prominent Prominent Prominent Mild
Anesthesia Absent Absent May occur Absent May occur
Crepitus Absent May occur Absent Present Absent
Course Slow Rapid Very rapid Extremely rapid Rapid
kotak 179-1
Diferensial Diagnosis infeksi Bakteri Nekrotikans pada Infeksi Kulit dan jaringan lunak
Noninfectious Infectious Infectious
Arteriolar occlusion with cutaneous necrosis (retiform Non-necrotizing bacterial SSTI
purpura with necrosis) Cellulitis
Leukocytoclastic vasculitis Erysipelas
Calciphylaxis, oxalosis Abscess, furuncle
Warfarin necrosis Septic emboli/ septic vasculitis
Disseminated intravascular coagulation Endocarditis
Hemolytic uremic syndrome Internal organ abscess
Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura Meningitis (Neisseria meningitides)
Hypercoagulable state Bacteremia/Sepsis
Emboli (cholesterol, fat, amniotic fluid, etc.) Herpes zoster and herpes simplex
Panniculitides with liquefaction necrosis Deep Fungal infection
Pancreatic panniculitis Atypical mycobacterial infection
α-1-antitrypsin deficiency Bursitis, arthritis, osteomyelitis
Follicular occlusion syndromes
Acne conglobate
Dissecting cellulitis
Hidradenitis suppurativa
Neutrophilic dermatoses
Pyoderma gangrenosum
Sweet syndrome
Iatrogenic
Fixed drug eruption
Radiation dermatitis
Miscellaneous causes
Insect bites/stings (esp. brown recluse bite)
Irritant contact dermatitis with necrosis
Sterile spontaneous diabetic myonecrosis
Trauma with hematoma formation
Metastatic Crohn’s disease
Kotak 179-2
Pengobatan Antimikroba Infeksi Nekrotikan pada Kulit, Fasia, dan Otot
Organism Drug of First Choice Alternative Drugs
Mixed infection Ampicillin/sulbactam Cefoxitin, clindamycin, or
Imipenem/cilastatin, meropenem metronidazole
Ticarcillin/clavulanate an aminoglycoside
Vancomycin (if suspicion for MRSA)
Streptococcus (A, C, G, B) Penicillin G (clindamycin for toxic Ceftriaxone clindamycin
shock syndrome or necrotizing fasciitis) Vancomycin
Linezolid
Enterococcus (systemic Infection) Penicillin G or ampicillin Vancomycin aminoglycoside
aminoglycoside Linezolid
Quinupristin/dalfopristin
Daptomycin
Staphylococcus aureus Nafcillin (or oxacillin) Cefazolin
Amoxicillin/clavulanate
Vancomycin (for methicillin-resistant Clindamycin
strains) Quinupristin/dalfopristin
Linezolid
Daptomycin
Clostridium perfringens Penicillin G clindamycin Metronidazole carbapenem
Ceftriaxone
Chloramphenicol
MRSA : Methicilin – Resistant Staphylococcus aureus