Yuli Andriani
BUDIDAYA IKAN NILA
Yuli Andriani
PENERBIT DEEPUBLISH
(Grup Penerbitan CV BUDI UTAMA)
Anggota IKAPI (076/DIY/2012)
Jl.Rajawali, G. Elang 6, No 3, Drono, Sardonoharjo, Ngaglik, Sleman
Jl.Kaliurang Km.9,3 – Yogyakarta 55581
Telp/Faks: (0274) 4533427
Website: www.deepublish.co.id
www.penerbitdeepublish.com
E-mail: cs@deepublish.co.id
ANDRIANI, Yuli
Budidaya Ikan Nila/oleh Yuli Andriani.--Ed.1, Cet. 1--
Yogyakarta: Deepublish, Januari 2018.
xii, 80 hlm.; Uk:17.5x25 cm
v
DAFTAR ISI
PRAKATA ................................................................................................ v
DAFTAR ISI ............................................................................................ vi
DAFTAR GAMBAR ................................................................................ ix
DAFTAR TABEL ..................................................................................... xi
BAB I PENDAHULUAN ............................................................... 1
1.1. PENGANTAR.............................................................................1
1.2. BIOLOGI IKAN NILA .............................................................. 2
1.3. JENIS-JENIS IKAN NILA .......................................................... 3
1.3.1. Ikan Nila Lokal............................................................. 4
1.3.2. Ikan Nila GIFT ............................................................. 4
1.3.3. Ikan Nila BEST ............................................................. 6
1.3.4. Ikan Nila GESIT ........................................................... 6
1.3.5. Ikan Nila Nirwana ........................................................ 7
1.3.6. Ikan Nila Larasati .........................................................8
1.3.7. Ikan Nila JICA .............................................................. 8
1.3.8. Ikan Nila Citralada .......................................................9
1.3.9. Ikan Nila Srikandi ........................................................9
1.3.10. Ikan Nila GET............................................................. 10
BAB II MANAJEMEN PENANGANAN BENIH ..............................13
2.1. PENGADAAN BENIH ............................................................. 13
2.1.1. Sortasi benih ............................................................... 13
2.1.2. Pengemasan benih ..................................................... 14
2.1.3. Transportasi benih..................................................... 14
2.2. PEMBERIAN PAKAN .............................................................. 17
2.2.1. Sifat dan kebiasaan makan (food and
feeding habit)............................................................... 17
2.2.2. Kultur pakan alami .................................................... 18
1. Budidaya Brachionus .......................................... 18
2. Budidaya Kutu Air .............................................. 19
2.2.3. Tatacara pemberian pakan ........................................ 20
1. Cara Pemberian Pakan ....................................... 20
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2. Frekuensi Pemberian Pakan .............................. 20
3. Jumlah Pakan Harian ..........................................21
2.3. HAMA DAN PENYAKIT .........................................................21
2.3.1. Bagian yang diserang ..................................................21
2.3.2. Pengendalian dan Pengobatan .................................. 22
1. Penyakit Jamur (Saprolegnia) ............................ 22
2. Penyakit Bintik Putih
(Ichthyophthirius) .............................................. 22
3. Cacing Insang (Dactylogyrus) dan
Cacing Kulit (Gyrodactylus) ............................... 23
4. Lernea ................................................................. 24
5. Penyakit Insang dan Bengkak
Badan .................................................................. 24
6. Bebeasan (Notonecta) ........................................ 25
7. Ucrit (larva Cybister) .......................................... 25
BAB III PEMBESARAN IKAN NILA .............................................. 27
3.1. PENDAHULUAN ................................................................... 27
3.2. SISTEM WADAH BUDIDAYA ............................................... 29
3.2.1. Kolam Air Tenang ...................................................... 29
3.2.2. Kolam Air Deras......................................................... 30
3.2.3. Karamba Jaring Apung (KJA) ..................................... 31
3.2.4. Sistem Minapadi ........................................................ 32
3.2.5. Indoor System Hatchery ............................................ 34
3.3. PERSIAPAN KOLAM ............................................................. 34
3.3.1. Perbaikan Pematang .................................................. 34
3.3.2. Saluran ....................................................................... 35
3.3.3. Pengeringan dan Pengolahan.................................... 36
3.3.4. Pemupukan ................................................................ 37
3.3.5. Pengapuran ................................................................ 38
3.3.6. Pengisian Air .............................................................. 38
3.4. KUALITAS AIR ....................................................................... 39
3.5. SISTEM PEMBESARAN ......................................................... 39
3.5.1. Sistem Monokultur .................................................... 39
3.5.2. Sistem Monosex .........................................................40
3.5.3. Sistem Polikultur .......................................................40
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3.6. PEMBERIAN PAKAN ............................................................. 40
3.6.1. Pakan Alami ............................................................... 41
3.6.2. Pakan Buatan ............................................................. 43
3.6.3. Pakan Alternatif ......................................................... 44
3.6.4. Frekuensi dan Tingkat Pemberian
Pakan ..........................................................................46
3.6.5. Strategi Pemberian Pakan .........................................46
3.7. HAMA DAN PENYAKIT ........................................................ 47
3.7.1. Penyakit Bakteri Aeromonas ..................................... 47
3.7.2. Penyakit Ekto-Parasit ................................................49
BAB IV PEMANENAN IKAN NILA ................................................51
4.1. PENDAHULUAN .................................................................... 51
4.2. TEKNIS PEMANENAN ........................................................... 51
4.2.1. Waktu Pemanenan ..................................................... 51
4.2.2. Cara Pemanenan ........................................................ 52
4.2.3. Sortasi Hasil Panen .................................................... 53
4.3. PENGEMASAN DAN TRANSPORTASI ................................ 54
4.3.1. Pengemasan ............................................................... 54
4.3.2. Transportasi ............................................................... 55
4.3.3. Teknologi Pembiusan Ikan........................................60
1. Daun Bandotan...................................................60
2. Daun Jambu Biji Daging Buah
Putih.................................................................... 61
3. Minyak Cengkeh................................................. 62
BAB V PENGOLAHAN HASIL PERIKANAN ............................... 65
5.1. PERlLAKU KONSUMEN........................................................66
5.2. PENGOLAHAN IKAN NILA ..................................................66
5.2.1. Pembuatan Filet Ikan ................................................66
5.2.2. Pembuatan Baso Ikan ................................................69
5.2.3. Pembuatan Fish Burger .............................................. 71
5.2.4. Pindang Ikan .............................................................. 73
5.2.5. Kerupuk Ikan ............................................................. 74
DAFTAR PUSTAKA .............................................................................. 77
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DAFTAR GAMBAR
ix
Gambar 30. Sistem Indoor Hatchery ............................................... 34
Gambar 31. Sketsa kamalir kolam ................................................... 35
Gambar 32. Kolam filtrasi fisik ........................................................ 36
Gambar 33. Pengeringan dan penggemburan kolam ..................... 37
Gambar 34. Pengapuran kolam ....................................................... 38
Gambar 35. Fitoplankton sebagai pakan alami nila........................ 41
Gambar 36. Berbagai jenis zooplankton sebagai
pakan alami nila ........................................................... 42
Gambar 37. Pakan buatan ................................................................ 43
Gambar 38. Pakan alternatif Lemna ................................................44
Gambar 39. Pakan alternatif Azolla ................................................. 45
Gambar 40. Cara pemberian pakan manual....................................46
Gambar 41. Self feeder ...................................................................... 47
Gambar 42. Ikan nila yang terserang bakteri
Aeromonas ....................................................................48
Gambar 43. Proses pemanenan ikan nila ......................................... 51
Gambar 44. Cara pemanenan ikan di kolam ................................... 52
Gambar 45. Hapa sebagai tempat penampungan hasil
panen ............................................................................ 53
Gambar 46. Sortasi ikan hasil panen ............................................... 53
Gambar 47. Membuat kantong plastik untuk
kebutuhan transportasi ikan........................................ 56
Gambar 48. Packing benih ikan dalam kantong
plastik dengan oksigen................................................. 57
Gambar 49. Transportasi benih ikan dalam kantong
plastik ........................................................................... 58
Gambar 50. Transportasi jarak jauh induk ikan ............................. 59
Gambar 51. Daun bandotan............................................................. 61
Gambar 52. Tanaman jambu (P. guajava) ....................................... 62
Gambar 53. Filet nila ........................................................................ 67
Gambar 54. Baso ikan.......................................................................69
Gambar 55. Fish burger..................................................................... 71
Gambar 56. Pindang ikan................................................................. 73
Gambar 57. Kerupuk ikan ................................................................ 75
x
DAFTAR TABEL
xi
xii
BAB I
PENDAHULUAN
1.1. PENGANTAR
Ikan nila merupakan salah satu ikan air tawar di Indonesia
yang memiliki nilai ekonomis (Gambar 1). Ikan nila GIFT merupakan
pengembangan dari ikan hasil introduksi dari luar negeri yang di
import oleh Balai Penelitian Perikanan Air Tawar untuk memperkaya
ikan budidaya di Indonesia.