ABSTRAK

Made Tomi Artawan

Analisa Koordinasi Pengaman Gardu Distribusi Trafo KA 4105 Di PT. PLN
(Persero) ULP Mengwi
Sistem jaringan distribusi 20 kV merupakan bagian dari sistem tenaga listrik yang
sering mengalami gangguan baik gangguan secara temporer maupun permanen,
sehingga untuk mengamankan sistem dan peralatan dari gangguan juga untuk
meningkatkan mutu pelayanan dalam penyaluran tenaga listrik kepada konsumen maka
dibutuhkan suatu alat proteksi.
Jaringan sistem distribusi Tegangan Menengah sampai ke Gardu Distribusi tenaga
listrik masing-masing mempunyai alat proteksi. Rele Arus Lebih sebagai salah satu alat
proteksi yang bekerja dengan cara mendeteksi arus lebih dipasang pada saluran utama
penyulang. Fuse Cut Out (FCO) sebagai salah satu alat proteksi yang bekerja dengan
cara meleburkan fuse link untuk mengamankan trafo pada gardu distribusi. NH Fuse
sebagai salah satu alat proteksi yang bekerjanya dengan cara melebur untuk
mengamankan arus beban lebih pada beban listrik. Dalam Laporan Tugas Akhir ini
menggunakan metodelogi analisa kurva karakteristik antara Rele Arus Lebih pada
penyulang dengan Fuse Cut Out (FCO) pada gardu distribusi dan Fuse Cut Out (FCO)
dengan NH Fuse.
Kata Kunci: Sistem Jaringan Distribusi, Alat Proteksi, Koordinasi Sistem Proteksi,
Rele Arus Lebih, Fuse Cut Out (FCO), NH Fuse

Analysis Coordination Safety of Distribution Substation Transformer KA 4105 at

PT. PLN (Persero) ULP Mengwi
The 20 kV distribution network system is part of an electric power system that often
experiences both temporary and permanent disturbances, so as to secure systems and
equipment from disturbances as well as to improve service quality in electricity
distribution to consumers, a protection device is needed.
The network of Medium Voltage distribution systems to the Electric Power Distribution
Substation each has a protective device. Over Current Relay as one of the protective
devices that work by detecting more currents installed in the main channel of the feeder.
Fuse Cut Out (FCO) as one of the protective devices that works by melting the fuse link
to secure the transformer at the distribution substation. NH Fuse as one of the protective
tools that works by melting to secure overload current on the electricity load. In this
Final Project Report use the characteristic curve analysis methodology between Over
Current Relay on feeders with Fuse Cut Out (FCO) on distribution substations and Fuse
Cut Out (FCO) with NH Fuse.
Keywords: Distribution Network Systems, Protection Devices, Protection System
Coordination, Over Current Relay, Fuse Cut Out (FCO), NH Fuse

Politeknik Negeri Bali vi

 DAFTAR ISI
LEMBAR JUDUL ........................................................................................................... i
LEMBAR PENGESAHAN ............................................................................................. ii
LEMBAR PERSETUJUAN PUBLIKASI ..................................................................... iii
FORM PERNYATAAN PLAGIARISME ..................................................................... iv
KATA PENGANTAR .................................................................................................... v
ABSTRAK ....................................................................................................................... vi
DAFTAR ISI ................................................................................................................. vii
DAFTAR GAMBAR ..................................................................................................... iv
DAFTAR TABEL ............................................................................................................ v
BAB I PENDAHULUAN .............................................................................................. I-1
1.1 Latar Belakang ......................................................................................................... I-1
1.2 Permasalahan dan Batasan Masalah ....................................................................... I-2
1.3 Tujuan ..................................................................................................................... I-2
1.4 Metodelogi .............................................................................................................. I-2
1.4.1 Metode Pengumpulan Data .................................................................................. I-2
1.4.2 Metode Pengolahan Data...................................................................................... I-3
1.4.3 Hasil Yang Diharapkan ........................................................................................ I-3
1.4.4 Diagram Alir Penelitian........................................................................................ I-3
1.5 Sistematika Penulisan ............................................................................................ I-4
BAB II LANDASAN TEORI .................................................................................... . II-1
2.1 Sistem Distribusi Tenaga Listrik ......................................................................... II-1
2.1.1. Pengelompokan Jaringan Distribusi Tenaga Listrik .......................................... II-1
2.2 Sistem Jaringan Distribusi .................................................................................... II-3
2.2.1. Jaringan Sistem Distribusi Primer ...................................................................... II-3
2.2.2. Jaringan Sistem Distribusi Sekunder .................................................................. II-6
2.3 Gardu Distribusi.................................................................................................... II-8
2.3.1. Gardu Portal ....................................................................................................... II-8
2.3.2. Gardu Cantol ...................................................................................................... II-9
2.3.3. Gardu Beton ..................................................................................................... II-10
2.3.4. Gardu Kios ....................................................................................................... II-10
2.3.5. Gardu Pelanggan Umum .................................................................................. II-11
2.3.6. Gardu Pelanggan Khusus ................................................................................. II-12
2.4 Transformator Distribusi 3 Fasa ......................................................................... II-12
2.5 Sistem Proteksi ................................................................................................... II-13
2.5.1. Pengertian Sistem Proteksi ............................................................................... II-13
2.5.2. Tujuan Sistem Proteksi ..................................................................................... II-14
2.5.3. Persyaratan Sistem Proteksi ............................................................................. II-14
2.5.4. Rele Arus Lebih (Over Current Relay) ............................................................ II-15
2.5.5. Fuse Cut Out (FCO) ......................................................................................... II-25
2.5.6. NH Fuse ........................................................................................................... II-29
BAB III PEMBAHASAN .......................................................................................... III-1
3.1 Data Teknis Obyek .............................................................................................. III-1
3.1.1 Kondisi Gardu Distribusi Trafo KA 4105 Penyulang Kerobokan .................... III-1
3.1.2 Data Transformator Tenaga I GI. Padang Sambian .......................................... III-1
3.1.3 Data Transformator Tenaga II GI. Kapal .......................................................... III-2
3.1.4 Data Transformator Distribusi KA 4105 ........................................................... III-3
3.1.5 Single Line Lokasi Gardu Distribusi KA 4105 ................................................. III-4

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3.1.6 Data Rele dan Current Transformator (CT) ...................................................... III-7
3.1.7 Data Setelan Over Current Relay (OCR) .......................................................... III-7
3.1.8 Single Line Diagram Gardu Distribusi Trafo KA 4105 .................................... III-8
3.1.9 Data Pengaman Fuse Link dan NH Fuse Pada Kondisi Existing ...................... III-9
3.2 Perhitungan Koordinasi Pengaman Jaringan Tegangan Menengah .................... III-9
3.2.1 Perhitungan Arus Primer Beban Penuh ............................................................. III-9
3.2.2 Perhitungan Nilai Inrush Current.................................................................... III-10
3.2.3 Perhitungan Nilai Cold Load Pick Up Current ............................................... III-10
3.2.4 Perhitungan Nilai Damage Limit ..................................................................... III-10
3.2.5 Penentuan Fuse Link Tegangan Menengah Berdasarkan Melting Current dan
Clearing Current Kondisi Existing ................................................................. III-11
3.2.6 Perhitungan Impedansi Sumber GI. Padang Sambian Kondisi Existing ......... III-11
3.2.7 Perhitungan Impedansi Sumber GI. Kapal Kondisi Existing .......................... III-12
3.2.8 Perhitungan Impedansi Transformator I GI. Padang Sambian Kondisi
Existing ............................................................................................................ III-13
3.2.9 Perhitungan Impedansi Transformator II GI. Kapal Kondisi Existing ............ III-14
3.2.10 Perhitungan Impedansi Jaringan Kondisi Existing ....................................... III-14
3.2.11 Perhitungan Impedansi Ekuivalen Kondisi Existing ..................................... III-16
3.2.12 Perhitungan Arus Gangguan Hubung Singkat Tiga Fasa Kondisi Existing.. III-17
3.2.13 Pemeriksaan Waktu Trip Rele OCR untuk Arus Gangguan Hubung Singkat 3
Fasa Kondisi Existing.................................................................................... III-19
3.3 Perhitungan Koordinasi Pengaman Gardu Distribusi KA 4105 Kondisi
Existing .............................................................................................................. III-22
3.3.1 Penentuan Fuse Link Tegangan Menengah Berdasarkan Melting Current dan
Clearing Current ............................................................................................. III-22
3.3.2 Perhitungan Arus Sekunder Beban Penuh....................................................... III-23
3.3.3 Penentuan NH Fuse Tegangan Rendah Berdasarkan Arus Lebur Kondisi
Existing ............................................................................................................ III-24
3.3.4 Perhitungan Nilai Arus Lebur NH Fuse Pada Sisi Primer .............................. III-24
3.3.5 Pemeriksaan Waktu Trip Pengaman Gardu Distribusi Trafo KA 4105 .......... III-25
3.4 Perhitungan Koordinasi Pengaman Gardu Distribusi KA 4105 Kondisi Alternatif
Pertama ............................................................................................................. III-25
3.4.1. Pemilihan Fuse Link Tegangan Menengah Berdasarkan Melting Current dan
Clearing Current ............................................................................................. III-25
3.4.2. Pemilihan NH Fuse Tegangan Rendah Berdasarkan Arus Lebur ................... III-26
3.4.3. Perhitungan Nilai Arus Lebur NH Fuse Pada Sisi Primer .............................. III-27
3.4.4. Pemeriksaan Waktu Trip Pengaman Gardu Distribusi Trafo KA 4105 .......... III-27
3.5 Perhitungan Koordinasi Pengaman Gardu Distribusi KA 4105 Kondisi Altenatif
Kedua ................................................................................................................ III-27
3.5.1 Pemilihan Fuse Link Tegangan Menengah Berdasarkan Melting Current dan
Clearing Current ............................................................................................. III-28
3.5.2 Pemilihan NH Fuse Tegangan Rendah Berdasarkan Arus Lebur ................... III-29
3.5.3 Perhitungan Nilai Arus Lebur NH Fuse Pada Sisi Primer .............................. III-29
3.5.4 Pemeriksaan Waktu Trip Pengaman Gardu Distribusi Trafo KA 4105 .......... III-30
BAB IV ANALISA .................................................................................................. IV-1
4.1 Analisa Koordinasi Rele OCR Penyulang Kerobokan dan Fuse Cut Out Gardu
Distribusi KA 4105 .............................................................................................. IV-1
4.2 Analisa Koordinasi Rele OCR Penyulang Uma Alas dan Fuse Cut Out Gardu
Distribusi KA 4105 .............................................................................................. IV-1

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4.3 Analisa Koordinasi Rele OCR Penyulang Dalung dan Fuse Cut Out Gardu
Distribusi KA 4105 .............................................................................................. IV-2
4.4 Analisa Koordinasi Pengaman Fuse Cut Out dan NH Fuse Gardu Distribusi KA
4105 Kondisi Existing.......................................................................................... IV-2
4.5 Analisa Koordinasi Pengaman Fuse Cut Out dan NH Fuse Kondisi Alternatif
Pertama ................................................................................................................ IV-3
4.6 Analisa Koordinasi Pengaman Fuse Cut Out dan NH Fuse Kondisi Alternatif
Kedua ................................................................................................................... IV-3
BAB V PENUTUP ..................................................................................................... V-1
5.1 Kesimpulan ........................................................................................................... V-1
5.2 Saran ................................................................................................................... V-1
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
LAMPIRAN

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 DAFTAR GAMBAR

2.1. Pengelompokan Sistem Distribusi Tenaga Listrik ................................................ II-2

2.2. Tiga komponen Utama Dalam Penyaluran Tenaga Listrik ................................... II-3
2.3. Konfigurasi Jaringan Radial .................................................................................. II-4
2.4. Konfigurasi Jaringan Hantaran Penghubung ......................................................... II-4
2.5. Konfigurasi Jaringan Loop .................................................................................... II-5
2.6. Konfigurasi Jaringan Spindel ................................................................................ II-5
2.7. Konfigurasi Sistem Kluster.................................................................................... II-6
2.8. Hubungan Tegangan Menengah Ke Tegangan Rendah dan Konsumen .............. II-7
2.9. Gardu Portal dan Bagan Satu Garis ....................................................................... II-9
2.10. Gardu Cantol Fase 1 dan Fase 3 .......................................................................... II-9
2.11. Gardu Beton ...................................................................................................... II-10
2.12. Gardu Kios ........................................................................................................ II-10
2.13. Gardu Kios Bertingkat....................................................................................... II-11
2.14. Bagan Satu Garis Konfigurasi π Section Gardu Pelanggan Umum .................. II-11
2.15. Bagan Satu Garis Gardu Pelanggan Khusus ..................................................... II-12
2.16. Transformator Distribusi ................................................................................... II-13
2.17. Karakteristik Rele Arus Lebih Waktu Seketika ................................................ II-16
2.18. Karakteristik Rele Arus Lebih Waktu Tertentu ................................................ II-17
2.19. Karakteristik Rele Arus Lebih Waktu Terbalik ................................................ II-17
2.20. Jaringan Listrik dan Lokasi Gangguan .............................................................. II-18
2.21. Karakteristik Arus-Waktu Rele Definite ........................................................... II-18
2.22. Sistem Jaringan dan Lokasi Gangguan ............................................................. II-19
2.23. Kurva Karakteristik Rele Inverse Time............................................................. II-19
2.24. Konversi Impedansi Sumber dari 150 kV ke 20 kV ......................................... II-22
2.25. Rangkaian Ekuivalen jika Terjadi Gangguan Hubung Singkat ......................... II-24
2.26. Kurva Karakteristik Arus – Waktu Fuse Tipe K (Minimum Melting Time) .... II-26
2.27. Kurva Karakteristik Arus – Waktu Fuse Tipe K (Total Clearing Time) ........... II-27
2.28. NH Fuse ............................................................................................................. II-30
2.29. NH Fuse Holder dan Puller NH fuse ................................................................. II-30
2.30. Kurva Karakteristik Arus – Waktu NH Fuse .................................................... II-32
3.1. Single Line Penyederhanaan Dari Lokasi Gardu Distribusi KA 4105 ................. III-4
3.2. Penyederhanaan Single Line Diagram Jaringan Utama Penyulang Kerobokan ... III-5
3.3. Penyederhanaan Single Line Diagram Jaringan Utama Penyulang Uma Alas .... III-5
3.4. Penyederhanaan Single Line Diagram Jaringan Utama Penyulang Dalung ......... III-6
3.5. Single Line Gardu Distribusi ................................................................................ III-8
3.6. Kurva koordinasi Fuse Cut Out dan Over Current Relay penyulang Kerobokan
kondisi existing ................................................................................................... III-20
3.7. Kurva koordinasi Fuse Cut Out dan Over Current Relay penyulang Uma Alas
kondisi existing ................................................................................................... III-21
3.8. Kurva koordinasi Fuse Cut Out dan Over Current Relay penyulang Dalung kondisi
existing ................................................................................................................ III-22
3.9. Kurva koordinasi fuse link dan NH fuse kondisi existing .................................. III-25
3.10. Kurva koordinasi fuse link dan NH fuse kondisi alternatif pertama ................ III-27
3.11. Kurva koordinasi fuse link dan NH fuse kondisi alternatif kedua ................... III-30

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 DAFTAR TABEL

2.1. Vector Group dan Daya Transformator ............................................................... II-13

2.2. Setelan Arus OCR dengan Karakteristik Definite pada Penyulang Keluar ......... II-20
2.3. Nilai Konstanta α dan β ....................................................................................... II-21
3.1. Data Transformator I Gardu Induk Padang Sambian ........................................... III-2
3.2. Data Transformator II Gardu Induk Kapal ........................................................... III-3
3.3. Data Transformator Distribusi KA 4105 .............................................................. III-3
3.4. Data penghantar penyulang Kerobokan................................................................ III-5
3.5. Data penghantar penyulang Uma Alas ................................................................. III-6
3.6. Data penghantar penyulang Dalung...................................................................... III-7
3.7. Data spesifikasi Rele dan Rasio CT...................................................................... III-7
3.8. Data setelan rele OCR .......................................................................................... III-8
3.9. Data besar pengaman fuse link ............................................................................. III-9
3.10. Data besar pengaman saklar utama .................................................................... III-9
3.11. Data besar pengaman NH fuse ........................................................................... III-9
3.12. Data konsumen beban pelanggan ....................................................................... III-9
3.13. Nilai Minimum Melting Time kondisi existing ................................................. III-11
3.14. Nilai Total Clearing Time kondisi existing ...................................................... III-11
3.15. Impedansi jaringan urutan positif dan negatif penyulang Kerobokan kondisi
existing.............................................................................................................. III-14
3.16. Impedansi jaringan urutan positif dan negatif penyulang Uma Alas kondisi
existing.............................................................................................................. III-15
3.17. Impedansi jaringan urutan positif dan negatif penyulang Dalung kondisi
existing.............................................................................................................. III-15
3.18. Nilai Minimum Melting Time kondisi existing ................................................. III-23
3.19. Nilai Total Clearing Time kondisi existing ...................................................... III-23
3.20. Nilai arus lebur NH fuse sisi sekunder kondisi existing ................................... III-24
3.21. Nilai arus lebur NH fuse sisi primer kondisi existing ....................................... III-24
3.22. Nilai Minimum Melting Time kondisi alternatif pertama ................................. III-26
3.23. Nilai Total Clearing Time kondisi alternatif pertama ...................................... III-26
3.24. Nilai arus lebur NH fuse sisi sekunder kondisi alternatif pertama ................... III-26
3.25. Nilai arus lebur NH fuse sisi primer kondisi alternatif pertama ....................... III-27
3.26. Nilai Minimum Melting Time alternatif kedua ................................................. III-28
3.27. Nilai Total Clearing Time alternatif kedua ...................................................... III-28
3.28. Nilai arus lebur NH fuse sisi sekunder alternatif kedua ................................... III-29
3.29. Nilai arus lebur NH fuse sisi primer alternatif kedua ....................................... III-29

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