Anova 2x2
Anova 2x2
Oleh:
SELVIYANA : 1909200170014
NURIL HUSNA : 1909200170016
Ringkasan
SS: Sum of squares; sum of squared deviations for some set of scores
about their mean.
SS: Jumlah kuadrat; jumlah penyimpangan kuadrat untuk beberapa set
skor tentang rata-rata mereka.
LATIHAN
a. Lakukan analisis varians untuk data ini pada tingkat α = 0,01 dan 0,05
b. Buat grafik cara perlakuan
c. Berdasarkan ANOVA dan inspeksi grafik, jelaskan hasil penelitian ini.
Jawab
xi-
besar B1 xi-rata- B2 rata-
kelas metode b1^2 rata metode b2^2 rata
1 1 12.96 ΣX1 46 2 4 9 ΣX1 50
2 4 6.76 X 4.6 4 16 1 X 5
3 9 2.56 σ 2.5 4 16 1 σ 1.7
3 9 2.56 σX 0.8 4 16 1 σX 0.5
A1 4 16 0.36 n 10 5 25 0 n 10
5 25 0.16 5 25 0
5 25 0.16 5 25 0
6 36 1.96 6 36 1
9 81 19.36 7 49 4
8 64 11.56 8 64 9
jumblah 270 58.4 276 26
xi-
B1 xi-rata- B2 rata-
metode b1^2 rata metode b1^2 rata
3 9 16 ΣX1 70 5 25 18.49 ΣX1 93
4 16 9 X 7 7 49 5.29 X 9.3
6 36 1 σ 2.2 8 64 1.69 σ 2.2
7 49 0 σX 0.7 9 81 0.09 σX 0.7
A2 7 49 0 10 9 81 0.09 10
8 64 1 10 100 0.49
8 64 1 10 100 0.49
8 64 1 11 121 2.89
9 81 4 12 144 7.29
10 100 9 12 144 7.29
532 42 909 44.1
A1 – B1 A1 – B2 A2 – B1 A2 – B2
𝑛 10 10 10 10
ΣX 46 50 70 93
Dengan cran R
A=c(1, 2, 3, 3, 4, 5, 5, 6, 7, 8)
B=c(3, 4, 6, 7, 7, 8, 8, 8, 9, 10)
C=c(2, 4, 4, 4, 5, 5, 5, 6, 7, 8)
D=c(5, 7, 8, 9, 9, 10, 10, 11, 12, 12)
tabel=data.frame(A,B,C,D)
tabel
a=sum(A)
a
b=sum(B)
b
c=sum(C)
c
d=sum(D)
d
tabel=data.frame(A*B*C*D)
tabel
e=sum(A*B*C*D)
e
tabel=data.frame(A^2)
tabel
f=sum((A)^2)
f
tabel=data.frame(B^2)
tabel
g=sum((B)^2)
g
tabel=data.frame(C^2)
tabel
h=sum((C)^2)
h
tabel=data.frame(D^2)
tabel
i=sum((D)^2)
i
= 309.975
Dengan cran R
#SStotal
sum(A1B1kuadrat)+sum(A1B2kuadrat)+sum(A2B1kuadrat)+sum(A2B2kuadr
at)
(sum(A1B1)+sum(A1B2)+sum(A2B1)+sum(A2B2))^2/40
sum(A1B1kuadrat)+sum(A1B2kuadrat)+sum(A2B1kuadrat)+sum(A2B2kuadr
at)-(sum(A1B1)+sum(A1B2)+sum(A2
= 1816.5 − 1677.025
= 139.475
Dengan cran R
#SSbetwen
sum(A1B1)^2/10+sum(A1B2)^2/10+sum(A2B1)^2/10+sum(A2B2)^2/10-
1651.225
= 1789.25 − 1677.025
= 112.225
Dengan cran R
#SSa
(sum(A1B1)+sum(A1B2))^2/20
(sum(A2B1)+sum(A2B2))^2/20
(sum(A1B1)+sum(A1B2))^2/20+(sum(A2B1)+sum(A2B2))^2/20-1651.225
= 1695.25 − 1677.025
= 18.225
Dengan cran R
#SSb
(sum(A1B1)+sum(A2B1))^2/20
(sum(A1B2)+sum(A2B2))^2/20
441.8+1328.45-1651.225
= 139.475 − 130.45
= 9.025
Dengan cran R
#SSab
21.025+119.025
147.275-140.05
303.775-147.275
= 309.975 − 139.475
= 170.5
SS DF MS F 𝐹05 𝐹01
TOTAL 309.975 39
𝑑𝑓 𝑢𝑛𝑡𝑢𝑘 𝐴, 𝐵, 𝑑𝑎𝑛 𝐴𝐵
𝑛 = 𝑗𝑢𝑚𝑙𝑎ℎ 𝑠𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑒𝑙
Rumusnya
𝑁−1=2−1=1
𝑁𝑔𝑎𝑏𝑢𝑛𝑔𝑎𝑛 (𝑛 − 1) = 4(10 − 1) = 4 × 9 = 36
Rumus Untuk MS
𝑆𝑆 112.225
𝑀𝑆 = = = 112.225
𝑑𝑓 1
Rumus untuk F
𝑀𝑆 112.225
𝐹= = = 23.69
𝑀𝑆𝑒 4.736
1b.Plot kesalahan rata-rata dan standar: (Plot of means and standard error)
1c. Interpretation: The interaction of A and B was not significant (𝑝 > 0.05) nor
was the B main effect (0.05 > 𝑝 > 0.01). However, A2 was significantly
greater than 𝐴1 (𝐹1,36 = 27.37; 𝑝 < 0.01). The significant A effect may also
be illustrated as follows:
Interpretasi: Interaksi A dan B tidak signifikan (𝑝 > 0,05) juga tidak ada efek
utama 𝐵 (0,05 > 𝑝 > 0,01). Namun, A2 secara signifikan lebih besar dari
𝐴1 (𝐹1,36 = 27,37; 𝑝 < 0,01). Efek signifikan A juga dapat digambarkan
sebagai berikut:
Jawab
1 2 3 4 Efek baris
𝑛 6 𝑛 6 𝑛 6 𝑛 6 𝑛 24
Σ𝑋 13 Σ𝑋 50 Σ𝑋 45 Σ𝑋 475 Σ𝑋 161
1 2 3 4 Efek baris
𝑛 6 𝑛 6 𝑛 6 𝑛 6 𝑛 24
Σ𝑋 16 Σ𝑋 49 Σ𝑋 11 Σ𝑋 23 Σ𝑋 99
A2 Σ𝑋 2 56 Σ𝑋 2 415 Σ𝑋 2 31 Σ𝑋 2 99 Σ𝑋 2 601
𝜎𝑋̅ 0.67 𝜎𝑋̅ 0.70 𝜎𝑋̅ 0.60 𝜎𝑋̅ 0.60 𝜎𝑋̅ 3.87
Efek
kolom
𝑛 12 𝑛 12 𝑛 12 𝑛 12 𝑛 48
Σ𝑋 29 Σ𝑋 99 Σ𝑋 56 Σ𝑋 76 Σ𝑋 260
𝜎𝑋̅ 1.34 𝜎𝑋̅ 1.37 𝜎𝑋̅ 1.47 𝜎𝑋̅ 1.08 𝜎𝑋̅ 6.55
A=c(1, 4, 3, 1, 2, 2)
B=c(7, 10, 10, 9, 6, 8)
C=c(6, 9, 7, 8, 5, 10)
D=c(9, 7, 10, 10, 8, 9)
E=c(5, 1, 4, 1, 2, 3)
F=c(9, 9, 8, 10, 5, 8)
G=c(1, 0, 3, 1, 2, 4)
H=c(2, 6, 3, 4, 5, 3)
tabel=data.frame(A,B,C,D,E,F,G,H)
tabel
a=sum(A)
a
b=sum(B)
b
c=sum(C)
c
d=sum(D)
d
e=sum(E)
e
f=sum(F)
f
g=sum(G)
g
h=sum(H)
h
tabel=data.frame(A*B*C*D*E*F*G*H)
tabel
i=sum(A*B*C*D*E*F*G*H)
i
tabel=data.frame(A^2)
tabel
j=sum((A)^2)
j
tabel=data.frame(B^2)
tabel
k=sum((B)^2)
k
tabel=data.frame(C^2)
tabel
l=sum((C)^2)
l
tabel=data.frame(D^2)
tabel
m=sum((D)^2)
m
tabel=data.frame(E^2)
tabel
n=sum((E)^2)
n
tabel=data.frame(F^2)
tabel
o=sum((F)^2)
o
tabel=data.frame(G^2)
tabel
p=sum((G)^2)
p
tabel=data.frame(H^2)
tabel
q=sum((H)^2)
q
TOTAL 487.67 47
2.c. Calculations(peritungan)
(ΣX)2
𝐶=
𝑁
(Σ𝑋1 + Σ𝑋2 + Σ𝑋3 +Σ𝑋4 + Σ𝑋5 + Σ𝑋6 + Σ𝑋7 + Σ𝑋8 )2
=
𝑁
(13 + 50 + 45 + 53 + 16 + 49 + 11 + 23)2
=
48
(260)2
=
48
67600
= = 1408.33
48
Dengan cran R
#C
sum
(sum(A1B1)+sum(A1B2)+sum(A1B3)+sum(A1B4)+sum(A2B1)+sum(A2
B2)+sum(A2B3)+sum(A2B4))
260^2/48
Dengan cran R
#SStotal
sum(A1B1kuadrat)+sum(A1B2kuadrat)+sum(A1B3kuadrat)+sum(A1B4kuadr
at)+sum(A2B1kuadrat)+sum(A2B2kuadrat)+sum(A2B3kuadrat)+sum(A2B4k
uadrat)
1966-1408.333
25921 + 9801
= − 1408.33
24
= 1488.416 − 1408.33 = 80.086
Dengan cran R
#SSJ
sum(A1B1)+sum(A1B2)+sum(A1B3)+sum(A1B4)
sum(A2B1)+sum(A2B2)+sum(A2B3)+sum(A2B4)
161^2+99^2
35722/24-1408.333
Dengan cran R
#SSk
sum(A1B1)+sum(A2B1)
(29)^2
sum(A1B2)+sum(A2B2)
(99)^2
sum(A1B3)+sum(A2B3)
(56)^2
sum(A1B4)+sum(A2B4)
(76)^2
841+9801+3136+5776
19554/12
1629.5-1408.333
Dengan cran R
#SSs
S1=c(1, 7, 6, 9, 23, 5, 9, 1, 2, 17)
S2=c(4, 10, 9, 7, 30, 1, 9, 0, 6, 16)
S3=c(3, 10, 7, 10, 30, 4, 8, 3, 3, 18)
S4=c(1, 9, 8, 10, 28, 1, 10, 1, 4, 16)
S5=c(2, 6, 5, 8, 21, 2, 5, 2, 5, 14)
S6=c(8, 10, 9, 29, 3, 8, 4, 3, 18, 2)
sum(S1)/2
40^2
sum(S2)/2
46^2
sum(S3)/2
48^2
sum(S4)/2
44^2
sum(S5)/2
35^2
sum(S6)/2
47^2
1600+2116+2304+1936+1225+2209
11390/8
1423.75-1408.3
𝑆𝑆𝐽𝐾
(Σ𝑋1 )2 + (Σ𝑋2 )2 + (Σ𝑋3 )2 + (Σ𝑋4 )2 + (Σ𝑋5 )2 + (Σ𝑋6 )2 + (Σ𝑋7 )2 + (Σ𝑋8 )2
=
𝑛
− 𝐶 − 𝑆𝑆𝐽 − 𝑆𝑆𝑘
Dengan cran R
#SSjk
sum(A1B1)
13^2
sum(A1B2)
50^2
sum(A1B3)
45^2
sum(A1B4)
53^2
sum(A2B1)
16^2
sum(A2B2)
49^2
sum(A2B3)
11^2
sum(A2B4)
23^2
169+2500+2025+2809+256+2401+121+529
10810/6
1801.667-1408.33-80.09-221.17
Σ(𝑆𝑢𝑏𝑗𝑒𝑘𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑏𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑠)2
𝑆𝑆𝑗⁄𝑆 = − 𝐶 − 𝑆𝑆𝐽
𝑘
− 𝑆𝑆𝑆
232 + 302 + 302 + 282 + 212 + 292 + 172 + 162 + 182 + 162 + 142 + 182
=
4
− 𝐶 − 𝑆𝑆𝐽 − 𝑆𝑆𝑆
Dengan cran R
#SSj/s
23^2+30^2+30^2+28^2+21^2+29^2+17^2+16^2+18^2+16^2+14^2+18^2
6040/4
1510.00-1408.33
101.67-80.09
21.58-15.42
62 + 52 + 72 + 22 + 42 + 52 + 162 + 192 +
182 + 192 + 112 + 162 + 72 + 92 + 102 + 92 +
𝑆𝑆𝐾/𝑠 = 72 + 142 + 112 + 132 + 142 + 132 + 122 − 𝐶 − 𝑆𝑆𝑘 − 𝑆𝑆𝑠
2
= 1679 − 1408.33 − 221.17 − 15.42 = 64.92
Dengan cran R
#SSk/s
6^2+5^2+7^2+2^2+5^2+4^2+16^2+19^2+
18^2+19^2+11^2+16^2+7^2+9^2+10^2+9^2+
7^2+14^2+11^2+13^2+13^2+14^2+13^2+12^2
3358/2
1679-1408.33-221.7-15.42
𝑆𝑆𝐽𝐾/𝑆 = 𝑆𝑆𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 − 𝑆𝑆𝐽 − 𝑆𝑆𝐾 − 𝑆𝑆𝑠 − 𝑆𝑆𝐽𝐾 − 𝑆𝑆𝐽/𝑆 − 𝑆𝑆𝐾/𝑆
Dengan cran R
SSjk/s
557.667-80.09-15.42-221.167-6.16-33.55
S 15.42 5 3.084
J/S 37 5 7.4
Total 487.67
2d. Calculations(peritungan)
(ΣX)2
𝐶=
𝑁
(Σ𝑋1 + Σ𝑋2 + Σ𝑋3 +Σ𝑋4 + Σ𝑋5 + Σ𝑋6 + Σ𝑋7 + Σ𝑋8 )2
=
𝑁
(13 + 50 + 45 + 53 + 16 + 49 + 11 + 23)2
=
48
(260)2
=
48
67600
= = 1408.33
48
Σ(𝑆𝑢𝑏𝑗𝑒𝑘𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑏𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑠)2
𝑆𝑆𝑏𝑒𝑡𝑤𝑒𝑒𝑛 = − 𝐶 − 𝑆𝑆𝐽
𝑘
− 𝑆𝑆𝑆
232 + 302 + 302 + 282 + 212 + 292 + 172 + 162 + 182 + 162 + 142 + 182
=
4
−𝐶
= 1510.00 − 1408.33
= 101.67
25921 + 9801
= − 1408.33
24
= 1488.416 − 1408.33 = 80.086
= 80.09 − 101.67
= 21.58
𝑆𝑆𝑤𝑖𝑡ℎ𝑖𝑛 = 𝑆𝑆𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 − 𝑆𝑆𝑏𝑒𝑡𝑤𝑒𝑒𝑛
= 386.00
𝑆𝑆𝐴𝐽
(Σ𝑋1 )2 + (Σ𝑋2 )2 + (Σ𝑋3 )2 + (Σ𝑋4 )2 + (Σ𝑋5 )2 + (Σ𝑋6 )2 + (Σ𝑋7 )2 + (Σ𝑋8 )2
=
𝑛
− 𝐶 − 𝑆𝑆𝐴 − 𝑆𝑆𝑗
A 80.08 10 2.16
A/S 21.58
Within 386.00
Total 487.67 47
c. Interpretation: The effects of the column factor depend on the level of the
row factor such that there are no differences between Row 1 and Row 2 at
the levels of Column 1 and Column 2, but at Column 3 and Column 4,
these differences are significant (p ≤ .002). Within Row 1, the only
significant difference was in the increase from Column 1 to Column 2. For
Row 2, Column 2 was significantly higher than Columns 1, 3, and 4.
Interpretasi: Efek dari faktor kolom tergantung pada tingkat faktor baris
tersebutbahwa tidak ada perbedaan antara Baris 1 dan Baris 2 pada tingkat
Kolom 1 dan Kolom 2, tetapi pada Kolom 3 dan Kolom 4, perbedaan-
perbedaan ini signifikan (p ≤ 0,002). Dalam Baris 1, satu-satunya perbedaan
yang signifikan adalah peningkatan dari Kolom 1 ke Kolom 2. Untuk Baris 2,
Kolom 2 secara signifikan lebih tinggi daripada Kolom 1, 3, dan 4.
d. Design differences: Although all the F-ratios were different in this case,
the decisions were identical across designs. Regardless of analysis method,
the main and interaction effects were significant at least at the 0.0025 level.
It is important to note the required F values from the F table required for
significance. Despite the fact that the data were identical across designs, as
degrees of freedom change, dramatic changes occur in the critical values
used in decision making. (Note: This problem is based on the example used
in Vercruyssen and Edwards, 1988, originally based on a between-groups
design described in Freedman, 1958, pp. 585–586, and McCall, 1970, pp.
272–280.)
Perbedaan desain: Meskipun semua F-rasio berbeda dalam hal ini, keputusan
identik di seluruh desain. Terlepas dari metode analisis, utama dan interaksi
efeknya signifikan setidaknya pada level 0,0025. Penting untuk mencatat yang
diperlukan Nilai F dari tabel F diperlukan untuk signifikansi. Terlepas dari
kenyataan bahwa data itu 176 Penelitian dan Analisis Perilaku identik di
seluruh desain, saat derajat kebebasan berubah, perubahan dramatis terjadi
pada nilai-nilai kritis yang digunakan dalam pengambilan keputusan. (Catatan:
Masalah ini didasarkan pada contoh digunakan dalam Vercruyssen dan
Edwards, 1988, awalnya didasarkan pada desain antar-kelompok dijelaskan
dalam Freedman, 1958, hlm. 585-586, dan McCall, 1970, hlm. 272–280.)
Jawab:
B1 B2
Swimming Running
A1 8 8
Males 7 9
8 7
5 6
6 7
A2 9 9
Female 6 7
8 8
8 8
7 7
Jawab:
b. Between-groups ANOVA
Antara-kelompok ANOVA:
A1-B1 A1-B2 A2-B2 A2-B2
N 5 5 5 5
∑X 34 37 38 39
∑X 2 238 279 294 307
Dengan cran R
A=c(8,7,8,5,6)
B=c(8,9,7,6,7)
C=c(9,6,8,8,7)
D=c(9,7,8,8,7)
tabel=data.frame(A,B,C,D)
tabel
a=sum(A)
a
b=sum(B)
b
c=sum(C)
c
d=sum(D)
d
tabel=data.frame(A*B*C*D)
tabel
e=sum(A*B*C*D)
e
tabel=data.frame(A^2)
tabel
f=sum((A)^2)
f
tabel=data.frame(B^2)
tabel
g=sum((B)^2)
g
tabel=data.frame(C^2)
tabel
h=sum((C)^2)
h
tabel=data.frame(D^2)
tabel
i=sum((D)^2)
i
2
x2 -
(∑𝑥)
SStotal = 𝑛
2
(34+37+38+39)
= (238+279+294+307) – 20
= 1118 – 1095,2
= 22,8
Dengan cran R
(sum(A1B1)+sum(A1B2)+sum(A2B1)+sum(A2B2))^2/20
sum(A1B1kuadrat)+sum(A1B2kuadrat)+sum(A2B1kuadrat)+sum(A2B2kuadr
at)-(sum(A1B1)+sum(A1B2)+sum(A2B1)+sum(A2B2))^2/20
2
(∑𝑥)
SSAntara = - x
𝑛
2 2 2 2
(34) (37) (38) (39)
= + + +
5 5 5 5
= 1098 – 1095,2
= 2,8
Dengan cran R
sum(A1B1)^2/5+sum(A1B2)^2/5+sum(A2B1)^2/5+sum(A2B2)^2/5-1095.2
2
(∑𝑥 𝐴 1 𝐵 1 + ∑𝑥 𝐴2𝐵 1 ) + (∑𝑥 𝐴 1 𝐵2 + ∑𝑥 𝐴2𝐵2)
SSA = 𝑛
2 2
(34+38) (37+39)
= + - 1095,2
10 10
= 1096 – 1095,2
= 0,8
Dengan cran R
(sum(A1B1)+sum(A2B1))^2/10+(sum(A1B2)+sum(A2B2))^2/10-1095.2
2
(∑𝑥 𝐴 1 𝐵 1 + ∑𝑥 𝐴1𝐵2) + (∑𝑥 𝐴2𝐵1 + ∑𝑥 𝐴2𝐵2)
SSB = 𝑛
2 2
(34+37) (38+39)
= + - 1095,2
10 10
= 1097 – 1095,2
= 1,8
Dengn cran R
(sum(A1B1)+sum(A1B2))^2/10+(sum(A2B1)+sum(A2B2))^2/10-1095.2
Dengan cran R
2.8-(0.8+1.8)
Dengan cran R
22.8-2.8
d. In each case Fcalc < 4.49, and therefore not significant; do not reject H0.
Conclude that neither a swimming nor running program is better for
either sex.
Fcalc <4,49, dan ini tidak signifikan: jangan menolak H0. Catatan: program
berenang maupun lari tidak ada perbedaan yang signifikan anatara laki-laki dan
perempuan terhadap peningkatan kebugaran.